142. Many persons take great pains in Proverbs. 1. He, who resolves to amend, their dress, to appear well and receive atten- has God on his side. 2. Honest men are soon tion; and so far as personal appearance can bound; but you can never bind a knave. 3. If exert an influence, they attain their end: but the best man's faults were written on his foreif they would cultivate their language, and head, it would make him pull his hat over his the proper way of using it, so as not to de-eyes. 4. Life is half spent, before we know what form themselves in reading and conversation, it is. 5. Of the two evils, choose the least. they might accomplish the object at which one bad example spoils many good precepts. 7. Patience is a plaster for all sores. 8. He who they aim. serves well-need not be afraid to ask his wages. 143. The second sound of R, is rough, 6. 9. If you will not hear reason, she will rap you over your knuckles. 10. Prayer-should be the key of the day, and the lock of the night. 11. Foul water will quench fire. 12. From nothing -nothing can come. trilled, or burred; when it comes before vowel sounds in the same syllable: RAIL ROAD; the roa-ring rep-ro-bate re-verbe-rates his ran-cor-ous rib-ald- [R in RAIL.] Anecdote. Spinster. Formerly, it was ry and re-treats from his re-gal throne, to his a maxim, that a young woman should never ri-val rec-re-a-tion in the rook-e-ry: the op-be married, till she had spun, herself, a full pro-bri-ous li-bra-ri-an, rec-re-ant-ly threw set of linen. Hence, all unmarried women the great grid-i-ron among the crock-e-ry with have been called spinsters: an appellation ir-re-proach-a-ble ef-front-e-ry; the re-sults they still retain in certain deeds, and law of which were, ro-man-tic dreams, bro-ken proceedings; though many are not entitled ribs, and a hun-dred prime cit-rons for the to it. throng of cry-ing chil-dren: round and round the rug-ged rock the rag-ged ras-cal drags the strong rhi-noc-e-ros, while a rat in a rat-trap ran through the rain on a rail, with a raw lump of red liv-er in its mouth. 144. Written language—is used for communicating information respecting persons distant from each other, and for transmitting, to succeeding ages, knowledge, that might otherwise be lost, or handed down by erring tradition. Spoken language-is used to convey the thoughts and feelings of those who are present, and are speaking, or conversing together: the former is, of course, addressed to our eyes, and the latter, to our ears; each kind having its own particular alphabet, which must be mastered. Notes. 1. This vocal trilled diphthongal sound, consists of the aspirate sound of h, modified between the end of the tongue and the roof of the mouth, combined with a vocal. 2. Or, make the name sound of r, and mix it with the aspirate, by clapping the tongue against the roof of the mouth; practice prolonging her, or purr in a whisper, trilling the r, then add the voice sound; afterwards prefix the i, and exercise as above. 3. Demosthenes, in the early part of his career, was reproached for not being able to pronounce, correctly, the first letter of his favorite art-Rhetoric: i. e. he could not trill it for some time. 4. Give only one trill or clap of the tongue, unless the sentiment be very animating; asRise-brothers, rise! etc. "Strike! till the last armed foe expires." Mathematics-includes the study of numbers and magnitudes: hence, it is called the science of gravity; and is applicable to all quantities, that can be measured-by a standard unit, and thus expressed by numbers and magnitude. Feeling and thought, though they vary immensely, cannot be measured: we cannot say, with strict propriety, that we love one-exactly twice as much as another; nor, that one-is three times as wise as another: because love and wisdom are not mathematical quantities : but we can measure time by seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, and centuries; space by inches, feet, yards, rods, and miles; and motion, by the space passed over in a given time. Varieties. 1. Was the world created out of nothing? 2. Fools-draw false conclusions, from just principles: and madmen draw just conclusions, from false principles. 3. The discovery of what is true, and the practice of what is good, are the two most important objects of life. 4. Associations-between persons of opposite temperaments, can neither be durable, nor productive of real pleasure to either party. 5. Where grace cannot enter, sin increases and abounds. 6. The spontaneous gifts of heaven, are of high value; but perseverance comes duly resigned to God, in small things, as well as great ones, all the affections will be reduced into their proper state, in their proper season. 145. Another. The riven rocks are rudely rent asunder, and the rifted trees-gains the prize. 7. When the will-berush along the river, while hoa-ry bo-re-as rends the robes of spring, and rat-tling thunder roars around the rock-y re-gions: Robert Rowley rolled a round roll round; a round roll, Robert Rowley rolled round; where rolled the round roll, Robert Rowley rolled round? Didst ever see Two gentle vines, each-round the other twined, The wretch, condemn'd with life to part, And every pang, that rends his heart, Hope, like the glimmering taper's light, 146. Keep a watchful and jealous eye over common opinions, prejudices and bad school instruction, until the influence of reason, nature and truth, is so far established over the ear and taste, as to obviate the danger of adopting or following, unquestionable errors, and vicious habits of reading and speaking: extended views, a narrow mind extend. To judge righteously of all things, preserve the mind in a state of perfect equilibrium, and let a love of truth and goodness govern all its decisions and actions. Proverbs. 1. It is easier to praise poverty, than to bear it. 2. Prevention-is better than cure. 3. Learn wisdom by the follies of others. 4. Knowledge, without practice, makes but half an artist. 5. When you want any thing, always ask the price of it. 6. To cure idleness, count the tickings of a clock. 7. It costs more to revenge injuries, than to endure them. 8. Conceited men think nothing can be done without them. 9. He, that kills a man, when he is drunk, must be hung when he is sober. 10. An idle man's head, is the devil's work-shop. 11. God makes, and apparel shapes. 12. Good watch prevents harm. 147. W, has but one consonant The Difference. Two teachers apply sound, and one vowel sound; for a school; one-is ignorant, but offers to WOO; a wan-ton wag, with woteach for twelve dollars a month; the other ful words, be-wail-ed the well -is well qualified for the station, and asks wish-er of the wig-wam; the twenty-five dollars a month. The fathersdwarf dwells in the wea-ry west, [Win WOO.] weigh the souls of their children against where wom-en weave well the warp of life, money, and the twelve dollar teacher is emand win-ter winds wan-der in the wild ployed. A man in search of work asks a swamps, that wail and weep: the wa-ter-farmer, if he does not want to hire a hand? witch, al-ways war-worn in the wax-works, war-bles her watch-word to the weath-er- replies: and then he puts a variety of questions to him; such as.-"Can you mow? wise, and re-wards the wick-ed with weep-reap? chop? cradle? hoe? dress flax? &c." ing, wail-ing and worm-wood. 148. By separating these elements of language, and practicing on them, each by itself, the exact position and effort of the vocal organs, may be distinctly observed; and in this way, the true means of increasing and improving the force and quality of every one ascertained. Be not discouraged at the parent mechanical, artificial and constrained modes of giving the sounds, and pronouncing the words: acquire accuracy, and ease and gracefulness will inevitably follow. ap If I can find one to suit me, "-the farmer Soon after, another stranger calls, and asks whether they wish to hire a teacher in their district? But the principal question in this case, is-"How much do you ask a month?" Now, just observe the difference-in the catechising of the two applicants. Again, the father will superintend the hired man, and have things so arranged-as not to lose a moment's time, and see that nothing goes to waste; but the same watchful parent -will employ a teacher, and put him into the school, and never go near him. 149. Irregulars. U has this sound in is not obliged to persevere. 2. Ought cirVarieties. 1. If a man begin a fool, he certain words: the an-guish of the an-ti-qua- cumstantial evidence to be admitted in criry is as-sua-ged with lan-guid man-sue-tude, minal cases? 3. Suspicion-is always worse for the con-quest over his dis-tin-guish-ed than fact. 4. No duty, imposed by necesper-sua-sion: the guide dis-gui-ses his as-sity, should be considered a burthen. 5. To sue-tude of per-sua-ding the dis-sua-der. Notes. 1. To produce this sound, shape the mouth and lips as for whistling, and make a voice sound; or, pronounce the word do, and when the o is about to vanish, commence this vocal consonant, thus, dowas. 2. When w is initial, i. e. begins a word or syllable, it is a consonant; but when it ends one, it is equivalent to 21 o in ooze; new, how, now, pow-er, etc. 3. In sword, two, answer, it is silent: w also before r, wrap, wrack, wreath, wrist, wrong, etc. blow, who, knowledge, whom, whose, whole, whoop, etc. 4. Practice changes on w and v, as found under 21 f. 5. He who a watch would wear, two things must do, pocket his watch, and watch his pocket too. 66 Anecdote. A Scold. Foote, a celebrated comic actor, being scolded by a woman, said, in reply, I have heard of tartarbrimstone; you are the CREAM of the one, and the FLOWER of the OTHER. and "Ask for what end-the heavenly bodies shine? act from order, is to act from heaven. 6. Great were the hearts, and strong the minds, When, as the auspicious task was done, Of fifty years have risen, and set ; State after State, a mighty train. ་ 150. Two grand objects are to be accomplished by these lessons and exercises: the acquiring a knowledge of the vowel and consonant sounds, and a facility in pronouncing them by means of which, the voice is partially broken, and rendered flexible, as well as controllable, and the obstacles to a clear and distinct articulation removed: therefore, practice much, and dwell on every elementary sound, taking the letters separately, and then combining them into syllables, words and sentences. 151. Two of the three sounds of X: first, name sound; or ks, when at the end of accented syllables, and often when it precedes them; if followed by an abrupt consonant. AXE: the cox-comb ex- [X in AXE.] pe-ri-en-ces the lux-u-ry of ex-pa-ti-a-ting on the ex-plo-sion of his ex-ces-sive ex-al-ta-tion of the bux-om fair sex; being anx-ious to ex-plain the or-tho-dox-y and het-o-dox-y of Ex-ag-o-nus, the ex-pos-i-ter ex-po-ses the ex-ploit, of ex-pect-ing to ex-plain how to ex-crete ex-cel-lent texts by ex-cru-ci-a-ting the wax of the ex-cheq-uer. 152. A good articulation-consists in giving to every letter in a syllable, its due proportion of sound, according to the best pronunciation; and, in making such a distinction between the syllables, of which words are composed, as that the ear, without difficulty, shall acknowledge their number, and perceive, at once, to which syllable each letter belongs. When these things are not observed, the articulation is in that proportion, defective: the great object is―to articulate.so well, that the hearer can perfectly understand what is read or spoken, without being obliged to have recourse to a painful attention. A good articulation is the foundation of good delivery as the sounding of the musical notes with exactness, is the foundation of good singing. 153. Play upon Xes. Charles X. x-king Proverbs. 1. If better were within, better would come out. 2. Jests, like sweetmeats, have often sour sauce. 3. Keep aloof from quarrels ; be neither a witness, nor a party. 4. Least said, the soonest mended. 5. Little boats should keep near shore; greater ones may venture more. 6. Some are more nice than wise. 7. Make a wrong step, and down you go. 8. We all live and learn. spread. 19. Silks and satins often put out the 9. Riches, (like manure,) do no good, till they are kitchen fire. 11. Some-would go to the devil, if they had authority for it. 12. Love virtue, and abhor vice. 13. Good counsel has no price. Anecdote. Matrimony. A father, wishing to dissuade his daughter from all thoughts of matrimony, quoted the words: She who marries, doeth well; but she who marries not, doeth better." The daughter, meekly replied, "Father, I am content to do well; let those do better, who can." Boundaries of Knowledge. Human reason-very properly refuses to give its assent to any thing, but in proportion as it sees how that thing is, or is done. Now, which are attended with their difficulties. there are three directions-in natural science, The astronomer sees and feels a difficulty-in getting from the solar system—to the universe; the chemist, in proceeding from matter to its mysterious essence; and the physiologist, in advancing from the body-to the soul; three kingdoms of knowledge-bordering on kingdoms-unknown to natural science. Without reason, man could consequently, could not become a rational never become elevated above his senses, and, and intellectual being, and, of course, not MAN, in the true sense of the term. our minds are so constituted, that after having traversed the material creation, and perceived, scientifically, the very boundaries of matter, where it is adjoined by spirit, it can elevate itself, by a power, constantly given by God, to the lower boundaries of spirit, where it touches upon matter, and then, by its derived powers, ascend step by step, to the great I AM; whom to know aright, and whom to love supremely, is the chief good of man. But Varieties. 1. When man sins, angels WEEP, and devils REJOICE. 2. True polite of France, was xtravagantly xtolled, but is xceedingly xecrated. He xperienced xtraordinary xcellence in xigencies; he was xcel-ness, springs from the heart. 3. What is lent in xternals, but xtrinsic in xtacy; he was xtatic in xpression, xtreme in xcitement, and xtraordinary in xtempore xpression. He was xpatriated for his xcesses, and, to xpiate his xtravagance, was xcluded, and xpired in xpulsion. Notes. 1. To produce this diphthongal aspirate sound, whisper the word kiss, and then repeat it, and leave out the i; k'ss: one of the most unpleasant sounds in our language. 2. Since the word diphthong merely signifies a double sound, there is no impropriety in calling double consonants, diphthongs, as we do certain vowels. 3. All critical skill in the sound of language, has its foundation in the practical knowledge of the nature and properties of these elements: remember this and apply yourself accordingly. 4. In all cases, get the proper sounds of letters, as given in the key-words, or first examples. To err-is human; to forgive-divine. that, which makes every body sick, except those who swallow it? Flattery. 4. Science has no enemy, but ignorance. 5. Be not too brief in conversation, lest you be not understood; nor too diffuse, lest you be trouble6. Simplicity, and modesty, are among the most engaging qualities of every superior mind. 7. We live in two worlds, a natural and a spiritual one. some. I would never kneel at a gilded shrine, I would never fetter this heart of mine, As a thing-for fortune sold: But I'd bow-to the light th❜t God hath given, The nobler light-of mind; The only light, save that of Heaven, That should free-wiil homage find. 154. Reading-should be a perfect fac-| simile of correct speaking; and both exact copies of real life: hence, read just as you would naturally speak on the same subject, and under similar circumstances: so, that if any one should hear you, without seeing you, he could not tell whether you were reading or speaking. Remember that nothing is denied to industry and perseverance; and that rothing valuable can be obtained without them. error. 8. For a cure of ambition, go in the churchyard, and read the gravestones. 9. Better get in the right path late, than never. 10. A real friend 155. The second sound of X is that is discerned in a trying case. 11. Every one of gz; generally, when it immediately precedes the accent, and is followed by a vowel sound, or the letter h, in words of two or more syllables; EXIST; the ex- [X in EXIST.] hor-ter is ex-haust-ed by his ex-u-ber-ant exor-di-um, and desires to be ex-on-er-a-ted from ex-am-in-ing the ux-o-ri-ous ex-ec-u tive; an ex-act ex-am-in-a-tion into the ex-agger-a-tions of the aux-il-li-a-ries ex-hib-its a lux-u-ri-ant ex-ile, who ex-ist-ed an ex-ot-ic in ex-em-pla-ry ex-al-ta-tion. 156. The letters o, and e, in to and the, are long, before vowels, but abbreviated before consonants, (unless emphatic,) to prevent a hiatus. Th' man took the instrument and began t' play th' tune, when th' guests were ready to eat. I have written to Obadiah t' send me some of th' wheat, that was brought in th' ship Omar, and which grew on th' land belonging t' th' family of the Ashlands. Are you going from town? No I am going to town. Th' vessel is insured to, at and from London. Notes. 1. To make this diphthongal vocal sound, close the teeth as if to give the sound of C, and then bring into contact the posteriors, or the roots of the tongue, and back parts of the throat, the u, and pronounce the g, z, by themselves: g-z. 2. For the 3d sound of X, see the third sound of C. 3. These elemental sounds was the favorite study among the ancients, of the greatest ability. 157. Sight Reading. To become a good reader, and a reader at sight, one must always let the eyes precede the voice a number of words; so that the mind shall have time, clearly, and distinctly, to conceive the ideas to be communicated; and also feel their influence this will give full play to the thoughts, as well as impart power from the affectuous part of the mind, to the body, for producing the action, and co-operation, of the right muscles and organs to manufacture the sounds and words. In walking, it is always best to see where we are about to step; it is equally so in reading, when the voice walks. Indeed, by practice, a person will be able to take in a line or two, in anticipation of the vocal effort: always look before you leap. and pronounce the imaginary word guz, several times; then omit The high, the mountain-majesty of worth- can acquire a right character. 12. Two wrongsdon't make a right. Anecdote. Zeno-was told, that it was disreputable for a philosopher to be in love. If that were true," said the wise man, the fair sex are indeed to be pitied; for they would then receive the attention of fools alone." tends to discompose or agitate the mind, Mental Violence. Everything which whether it be excessive sorrow, rage or fear, envy, or revenge, love or despair-in short, whatever acts violently on our mental facul ties-tends to injure the health. Varieties. 1. Washington was born Feb. 22d, 1732, and died Dec. 14th, 1799; how old was he? 2. We cannot love those, whom we do not respect. 3. Order is the same in the world, in man, and in the church; and man is an epitome of all the principles of order. 4. In factions, the most ignorunt are always the most violent. 5. he is not in his mouth: but the hypocriteThe good man has God in his heart, when has God in his mouth, without having him in his heart. 6. It is some hope of goodness, not to grow worse; but it is a part of badness, not to grow better. 7. Why should we seek-that love, that cannot profit us, or fear-that malice, that cannot hurt us? WARREN'S ADDRESS AT THE BUNKER HILL BATTLE. STAND! the ground's your own, my braves! Hope ye mercy still? And before you, see Let their welcome be ! In the God of battles trust! As where heavens-its dews shall shed [PIERPONT. 158. An accurate knowledge of these elementary sounds, which constitute our vocal alphabet, and the exact co-operation of the appropriate organs to give them truly, are essential to the attainment of a good and efficient elocution. Therefore, be resolved to understand them thoroughly; and, in your various efforts to accomplish this important object, give precision and full force to every sound, and practice faithfully, and often, the difficult and rapid changes of the vocal powers, required by the enunciation of a quick succession of the muscle-breakers. Proverbs. 1. The shorter answer-is doing the thing. 2. You cannot quench fire with tow. 3. There is no general rule without exceptions. 4. Happiness—is not in a cottage, nor in a palace, nor in riches, nor in poverty, nor in learning, nor in ignorance, nor in active, nor in passive life; but in doing right, from right motives. 5. Good that makes a man obstinate. 7. To cure a fit of intention-is not reformation. 6. It is self-conceit, passion, walk out in the open air. 8. Idle men know the value of money, earn it. 10. Hearts are dead, all their lives long. 9. If you would may agree, tho' heads-differ. 11. Beware of flirting and coquetry. 12. There is no place like Anecdote. A Vain Mother. As a lady -was viewing herself in a looking-glass, she said to her daughter: "What would you give to be as handsome as I am?" Just as much, (replied the daughter,) as you would, to be as young as I am." The Poor. How few, even of professing 159. The sound of Y, when a conso-home. 13. He that is warm, thinks others so. nant; YE: the year-ling youngster, yelled for the yel-low yolk, yes-ter-night, and yearn-ed in the yard o-ver the year-book till he yex'd: the yoke yields to your [Y in YE.] year-ling, which yearns for the yar-row in the yawls; you yerk'd your yeast from the yawn-ing yeo-man yes-ter-day, and yet your-christians, are aware of the pleasure, arising self, of yore, yea, tho' young, yearn-ed o-ver the yes-ty yawn: Mr. Yew, did you say, or did you not say, what I said you said? because Mr. Yewyaw said you never said what I said you said: now, if you say that you did not say, what I said you said, then pray what did you say? 160. The first step to improvement is, to awaken the desire of improvement: whatever interests the heart, and excites the imagination, will do this. The second is a clear and distinct classification of the principles, on which an art is based, and an exact expression of them, in accordance with this classification; indeed, all the arts and sciences should be seen in definite delineations, thro' a language which cannot well be mis understood. 161. Irregulars. E, I, J, and U, occasionally have this sound; Eu-rope al-ien-ates the con-spic-u-ous cult-ure of her na-iads, and, like a dis-guised creat-ure, eu-lo-gi-ses her ju-nior court-iers for their brilliant genius: the virt-u-ous christ-ian sold-ier, in spirit-u-al un-ion with the mill-ions of Nat-ure, shouts with eu-cha-ris-tic grand-eur, eu-phoni-ous hal-le-lu-jahs, which are fa-mil-iar-ly read, throughout the volume of the U-ni verse. from contributing to the support of the poor! Is it not more blessed to give-than to receive? But there are alms for the mind-as well as for the body. If we duly considered our relations, and our destinies, instead of giving grudgingly, or wanting to be called upon, we should go out in search of the destitute and ignorant, and feel that we were performing the most acceptable service to God, while sharing the gifts of his providence with our fellow-beings, who are as precious in his sight-as we fancy ourselves to be: for he does not regard any from their external situation, but altogether from their internal state. Varieties. 1. American independence was acknowledged by Great Britain, Jan. 19, 1783; and the treaty of Ghent signed, Dec. 24, 1814. 2. Never do an act, of which you doubt the justice. 3. Nothing can be a real blessing, or curse, to the soul, that is not made its own by appropriation. 5. How sharper-than a serpent's tooth it is 4. Let every man be the champion of right. to have a thankless child. 6. All science has its foundation in experience. 7. Happy are the miseries that end in joy; and blessed are the joys, that have no end. Ay, I have planned full many a sanguine scheme of earthly happiness; * * * And it is hard Notes. To give this vocal sound, nearly close the teeth, with the lips turned out as in making long e, (see engraving,) and drawlingly pronounce the word yet, protracting the sound of the y thus, yet; y-on. 2. For the two other sounds of y, see the two sounds of i; rhyme, hymn; isle, ile. 3. Fis a consonant at the beginning of a word or syllable, except in y-clad, (e-clad,) y-Fifty years hence, and who will think of Henry? clept, (e-clept) 'yt-ri-a, (it-ri-a,) Yp-si-lan-ti, (Ip-si-lan-ti,) the name Oh, none!-another busy brood of beings of a town in Michigan. 4. In prod-uce, u has its name sound; Will shoot up in the interim, and none and in vol-ume, it has this con-so-nant sound of y preceding it; in the first, it is preceded by an abrupt element: in the second, by Will hold him in remembrance.— I shall sink, an open one. If I could find some cave unknown, On every side-there would be God. As sinks a stranger-in the crowded streets [H. K. WHITE |