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5. A man

of falsehood. 2. Pay as you go, and keep from
small scores. 3. He, that has his heart in his
learning, will soon have his learning in his heart.
4. The empty stomach has no ears.
may talk like a wise man, and yet act like a fool.
6. Rather improve by the errors of others, than
find fault with them. 7. The devil turns his
back, when he finds the door shut against him.
8. Better be upright, with poverty, than depraved
so strongly realized, as when we are deprived of
with abundance. 9. The value of things, is never
them. 10. None are so deaf as those who will
not hear.

444. There are also three great divisions Maxims. 1. Want of punctuality is a species in POETRY, which is closely allied to music; and both of them originate in the WILL, or affections: and hence, the words of the psalm, hymn, poem, and the music in which they are sung, chanted, or played, constitute the forms, or mediums, through which the affections and sentiments are bodied forth. Is not genuine music from heaven? and does it not lead there if not perverted? May not the same be said of poetry? Woe betide the person, that converts them into occasions of evil! How blind is pride; what eagles are we still . In matters that belong to other men ; What beetles-in our own.

Who fights

With passions, and overcomes them, is endued
With the best virtue.-

Nature-to each-allots his proper sphere;
But-that forsaken, we like comets are; [broke,
Tossed thro' the void; by some rude shock we're
And all our boasted fire-is lost in smoke.
Thick waters-show no images of things;
Friends-are each others' mirrors, and should be
Clearer than crystal, or the mountain springs,
And free from cloud, design, or flattery.
"Tis virtue, that they want; and wanting its
Honor-no garments to their backs can fit.

Reform. He, that looks back to the history of mankind, will often see, that in politics, jurisprudence, religion, and all the great concerns of society, reform-has usually been the work of reason, slowly awakening from the lethargy of ignorance, gradually acquiring confidence in her own strength, and ultimately triumphing over the dominion of prejudice and custom.

Varieties. 1. What is mercy and its uses? 2. Individuals and nations, fail in nothing they boldly attempt, when sustained by virtuous purpose, and determined resolution. 3. Some persons' heads are like beehives: not because they are all in a buzz, but 445. THE USES OF ELOQUENCE. In every that they have separate cells for every kind situation, in all the pursuits of life, may be of store. 4. What nature offers, with a smilseen the usefulness and benefits of eloquence. ing face, fruit, herb, and grain—are just In whatever light we view this subject, it is what man's pure instinct would choose for evident that oratory is not a mere castle in food. 5. The majority-ought never to the air: a fairy palace of frost-work; desti- trample on the feelings, or violate the just tute of substance and support. It is like a rights-of the minority; they should not magnificent temple of Parian marble, ex- triumph over the fallen, nor make any but hibiting the most exact and admirable sym-temperate and equitable use of their power. metry, and combining all the orders, varieties, 6. Death is the enacted penalty of nature's and beauties of architecture. violated laws. 7. Was it causeless, that

And when the soul-is fullest, the hushed tongue,
Voicelessly trembles-like a lute unstrung.

Habits of Industry. It is highly impor-washing-was introduced, as a religious tant, that children should be taught to acquire rite, seeing that its observance is so essential habits of industry; for whatever be their habits to the preservation of health? while young, such, for the most part, must they continue to be in after life. Children-are apt to think it a great hardship, to be obliged to devote so much time to occupations, at present perhaps, disagreeable to them; but they ought to be made to believe, that their tasks are not only intended for the informing of their minds, but for the bending of their wills. Good habits are as easily acquired as bad ones; with the great advantage of being the only true way to prosperity and happiness.

Anecdote. Conciseness. Louis XIV. who
loved a concise style, one day met a priest on
the round, whom he asked hastily-"Whence
come you? where are you going? what do
you want ?" The other immediately replied,
"From Bruges,-To Paris,-A Benefice."
"You shall have it," replied the king.
Servile doubt-

Argues an impotence of mind, that says,-
We fear because we dare not meet misfortune.

There's beauty-in the deep;
The wave-is bluer than the sky;
And tho' the light-shine bright on high,
More softly do the sea-gems glow,
That sparkle in the depths below;
The rainbow's tints--are only made
When on the waters they are laid,
And sun and moon-most sweetly shine
Upon the ocean's level brine:
There's beauty in the deep.
There's music-in the deep:
It is not in the surf's rough roar,
Nor in the whispering, shelly shore-
They are but earthly sounds, that tell
How little of the sea-nymph's shell,
That sends its loud, clear note abroad,
Or winds its softness through the flood,
Echoes through groves-with coral gay,
And dies, on spongy banks, away:
There's music in the deep!

famous, even in a prince; and virtue, honorable,
even in a peasant. 3. Prefer loss-to unjust gain,
and solid sense-to wit. 4. He, that would be
well spoken of himself, must speak well of others.
be mended. 6. A sound mind is not to be shaken
5. If every one would mend himself, we should all
with popular applause. 7. The best way to see
divine light, is to put out our own
blame themselves for the purpose of being praised.
9. Nothing needs a trick, but a trick; sincerity
loathes one. 10. As virtue has its own reward, so
vice has its own punishment.

8. Some

446. OUR FIELD. The orator's field is the Maxims. 1. Poverty of mind is often conuniverse of mind and matter, and his sub-cealed under the garb of splendor. 2. Vice—is injects, all that is known of God and man. Study the principles of things, and never rest satisfied with the results and applications. All distinguished speakers, whether they ever paid any systematic attention to the principles of elocution or not, in their most successful efforts, conform to them; and their imperfections are the results of deviations from these principles. Think correctly-rather than finely; sound conclusions are much better than beautiful conceptions. Be useful, rather than showy; and speak to the purpose, or not speak at all. Persons become eminent, by the force of mind-the power of thinking comprehensively, deeply, closely, usefully. Rest more on the thought, feeling, and expression, than on the style; for language is like the atmosphere-a medium of vision, intended not to be seen itself, but to make other objects seen; the more transparent however, the better.

Hast thou, in feverish, and unquiet sleep,-
Dreamt-th't some merciless DEMON of the air,
Rais'd thee aloft,-and held thee by the hair,
Over the brow-of a down-looking steep,
Gaping, below, into a CHASM-so deep,
Th't, by the utmost straining of thine eye,
Thou canst no resting place descry;
Not e'en a bush—to save thee, shouldst thou sweep
Adown the black descent; that then, the hand
Suddenly parted thee, and left thee there,
Holding-but by finger-tips, the bare

And jagged ridge above, that seems as sand,
To crumble 'neath thy touch? If so, I deem
Th't thou hast had rather an ugly dream.

What is Worth? The spirit of the age says,-"Worth-means wealth; and wisDOM-the art of getting it." To be rich is considered, by most persons-a merit; to be poor, an offence. By this false standard, it is not so important to be wise and good, as to be rich in worldly wealth; thus it is, every thing, as well as every person, has its price, and may be bought or sold; and thus-do we coin our hearts into gold, and exchange our souls-for earthly gain. Hence, it is said, "a man is worth so much;"-i. e. worth just as much as his property or money, amount to, and no more. Thus, wealth, worth, or gain, is not applied to science, to knowledge, virtue, or happiness; but to pecuniary acand everything else were dross. Thus the quisition; as if nothing but gold were gain, body-is Dives, clothed in purple and fine linen, and faring sumptuously every day; while the mind-is Lazarus, lying in rags at the gate, and fed with the crumbs, that fall from the tables of Time and Sense.

Varieties. 1. Instead of dividing mankind into the wise and foolish, the good and wicked, would it not be better to divide them into more or less wise and foolish, more or less good or wicked? 2. It was a proof of low origin, among the ancient Romans, to make mistakes in pronouncing words; for it indicated that one had not been instructed by a nursury maid: what is the inference? That those maids were well educated; particularly, in the pronunciation of the Latin language, and were treated by families as

447. VOCAL MUSIC. In vocal music, there is a union of music and language-the language of affection and thought; which includes the whole man. Poetry and music are sister arts; their relationship being one of heaven-like intimacy. The essence of poetry consists in fine perceptions, and vivid expressions, of that subtle and mysterious analogy, that exists between the physical and moral world; and it derives its power from the correspondence of natural things with spiritual. Its effect is to elevate the thoughts and affections toward a higher state of ex-favorites. How many nursery maids of our

istence.

Anecdote. A powerful Stimulous. When Lord Erskine made his debut, at the bar, his agitation almost overcame him, and he was just about to sit down. "At that moment," said he, "I thought I felt my little children tugging at my gown, and the idea roused me to an exertion, of which I did not think myself capable."

"Tis not enough—your counsel still be true;

Blunt truths more mischief than nice falsehoods do.
Men must be taught-as if you taught them not,
And things unknown-propos'd as things forgot.
Without good-breeding, truth is disapprov'd;
That, only, makes superior sense-belov'd.

day enjoy such a reputation, and exert such an influence? Indeed, how many mothers occupy such a pre-eminence? Let wisdom and affection answer, and furnish the remedy. 3. The purest and best of precepts and examples should be exhibited to our youth, in the development of their minds, and the for

mation of their characters.

The seas-are quiet, when the winds are o'er;
So, calm are we, when passions-are no more;
For then, we know how vain it was-to boast
Of fleeting things, so certain to be lost.
Clouds of affliction-from our younger eyes,
Conceal that emptiness, that age descries;
The soul's dark cottage, batter'd and decay'd,
Lets in new light, through chinks, that time has made.

448. THE HUMAN VOICE. Among all | Maxims. 1. Blind men must not undertake to the wonderful varieties of artificial instru- judge of colors. 2. Gamesters and race-horses nevments, which discourse excellent music, er last long. 3. Forgiveness and smiles are the where shall we find one that can be compared best revenge. 4. They, are not our best friends, to the human voice? And where can we who praise us to our faces. 5. An honest man's find an instrument comparable to the human word is as good as his bond. 6. Never fish for mind? upon whose stops the real musician, praise; it is not worth the bait. 7. None but a 8. Cultithe poet, and the orator, sometimes lays his good man can become a perfect orator. hands, and avails himself of the entire com- heart. 9. Female delicacy is the best preservative vate a love of truth, and cleave to it with all your pass of its magnificent capacities! Oh! the of female honor. 10. Idleness is the refuge of length, the breadth, the height, and the depth weak minds, and the holliday of fools. of music and eloquence! They are high as heaven, deep as hell, and broad as the uni

verse.

THE POWER OF IMAGINATION.
The lunatic, the lover, and the poet,
Are, of IMAGINATION-all compact:
One-sees more devils-than vast hell can hold;
That is the MADMAN: the LOVER, all as frantic,
Sees Helen's beauty-in a brow of Egypt:
The POET's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, [HEAVEN;
Doth glance from HEAVEN―to earth, from earth-to
And, as IMAGINATION-bodies forth

The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen,
Forms them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing,
A local habitation, and a name.

The Trine in Man. There are three

things of which human beings consist, the soul, the mind and the body; the inmost is the soul, the mediate is the mind, and the ultimate the body: the first is that which receives life from Him, who is life itself; the second, is the sphere of the activities of that life; and the third, is the medium through which those activities are manifested: but it should be remembered, that there is, as the apostle says, a natural body, and there is a spiritual body."

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Varieties. 1. Nature-makes no emendations; she labors for all: her's is not mosaic work. 2. The more there is prosaic in

449. CICERO AND DEMOSTHENES. An orator, addressing himself more to the pas-orators, poets and artists, the less are they sions, naturally has much passionate ardor; natural; the less do they resemble the copiwhilst another, possessing an elevation of ous streams of the fountain. 3. The more style and majestic gravity, is never cold, there is of progression, the more there is of though he has not the same vehemence: truth, and nature; and the more extensive, in this respect do these great orators differ. general, durable, and noble is the effect: Demosthenes-abounds in concise sublimity; thus is formed the least plant, and the most Cicero,-in diffuseness: the former, on ac- exalted man. 4. Nature is everywhere simcount of his destroying, and consuming ev-ilar to herself; she never acts arbitrarily, erything by his violence, rapidity, strength, never contrary to her laws: the same wisand vehemence, may be compared to a hurri-dom and power produce all varieties, agreeacane, or thunderbolt: the latter, to a wide ble to one law, one will. Either all things extended conflagration, spreading in every are subject to the law of order, or nothing is. direction, with a great, constant, and irre- Home! how that blessed word—thrills the earꞌ sistible flame.

Anecdote. Envy and Jealousy. Colonel
Thornton, of the British army, could not bear
to hear the Americans praised. When he
was at Charleston, S. C., some ladies were
eulogising Washington; to which he replied,
with a scornful air, "I should be very glad to
get a sight of your Col. Washington; I have
heard much talk about him, but have never
seen him."
"Had you looked behind you, at
the battle of Cowpens," rejoined one of the
ladies, " you might easily have enjoyed that
pleasure.'

With illustration simple, yet profound, and with unfaltering zeal
He spake from a warm heart, and made even cold hearts feel;
This--is eloquence-'tis the intense,

Impassioned fervor-of a mind, deep fraught

With native energy, when soul, and sense

Burst forth, embodied in the burning thought;
When look, emotion, tone, and all combine;
When the whole man-is eloquent with mind;
A form that comes not to the call or quest,
But from the gifted soul, and the deep feeling breast.
The farmers patient care-and toil
Are oftener, wanting-than the soil,

In it-what recollections blend!

It tells of childhood's scenes so dear,

O! through the world, where'er we roam,
And speaks-of many a cherished friend.
Though souls be pure-and lips be kind,
The heart-with fondness-turns to home,

Still turns to those-it left behind.

The bird, that soars to yonder skies,

Though nigh to heaven, still seems unblessed;
It leaves them, and with rapture flies

Downward-to its own much-loved nest.
Though beauteous scenes-may meet its view
And breezes blow-from balmy groves,
With wing untired-and bosom true,
It turns-to that dear spot it loves.
When heaven-shall bid this soul depart,
This form-return to kindred earth,
May the last throb, which swells my heart
Heave, where it started into birth.
And should affection-shed one tear;
Should friendship-linger round my tomb;
The tribute will be doubly dear,

When given by those of "home, sweet home."

450. POETRY may be written in rhyme, Maxims. 1. It is better to do and not promor blank verse. Rhyme is the correspond- ise, than to promise and not perform. 2. A benefit ence of sounds, in the ending of two (or is a common tie between the giver and receiver. more) successive or alternate words or sylla- 3. The consciousness of well doing is an ample rebles of two or more lines, forming a couplet ward. 4. As benevolence is the most sociable of or triplet: see the various examples given. all virtues, so it is the most extensive. 5. Do not Rythmus, in the poetic art, means the rela- postpone until to-morrow, what ought to be done tive duration of the time occupied in pro- to-day. 6. Without a friend, the world is but a nouncing the syllables; in the art of music wilderness. 7. The more we know our hearts, the it signifies the relative duration of the sound, less shall we be disposed to trust in ourselves. 8. that enters into the musical composition: Obedience is better than sacrifice, and is inseperasee measures of speech and song. bly wedded to happiness. 9. We should not run out of the path of duty, lest we run into the path of danger. 10. He doeth much, that doeth a thing well.

Lo! the poor Indian,—whose untutored mind,
Sees God in clouds, or hears him in the wind:
His soul proud SCIENCE-never taught to stray
Far as the solar walk, or milky way;
Yet, simple nature to his hope has given,
Behind the cloud-topp'd hill, an humble heaven;-
Some safer world-in depth of wood embraced,
Some happier island-in the watery waste;
Where slaves, once more, their native land behold,
NO FIENDS torment-no CHRISTIANS thirst for gold.
451. SKIPS AND SLIDES. By closely ob-
serving the movements of the voice, when
under the perfect command of the mind, you
will see that it changes its pitch, by leaps of
one or more notes, in passing from word to
word, and sometimes from syllable to sylla-
ble, and also slides upwards and downwards;
which skips and slides are almost infinitely
diversified, expressing all the shades of tho't
and feeling, and playing upon the minds of
the listeners, with a kind of supernatural
power, the whole range of tunes from grave
to gay, from gentle to severe. The worlds
of mind and matter are full of music and

oratory.

Even age itself-is cheered with music;
It wakes a glad remembrance of our youth,
Calls back past joys, and warms us into transports.

Nature-is the glass-reflecting God,
As, by the sea-reflected is the sun.
Too glorious to be gazed on-in his sphere.
The night

Hath been to me-a more familiar face
Than that of man; and, in her starry shade
Of dim, and solitary loveliness,

I learned the language-of another world.
Parting-they seemed to tread upon the air,
Twin roses, by the zephyr blown apart,
Only to meet again--more close, and share
The inward fragrance-of each other's heart.
Nothing --is made out of Nothing.
Good, in his "Book of Nature," contends, that
there is no absurdity, in the supposition, of God
creating something-out of nothing; and he main-
tains, that the proposition, conveying this idea, is
only relatively absurd, and not absolutely. But it
is absolutely absurd. When God said, "Let there
be light, and there was light," light cannot be said
to have been created out of nothing, but from God
himself; not out of God, but by his Divine Will,
through his Divine Truth. So, we may conceive,
that God, by his Will, made atmospheric matter,
and then created it in form.

Enough to live in tempest; die in port.

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Anecdote. Moro, duke of Milan, having displayed before the foreign embassadors his magnificence and his riches, which excelled those of every other prince, said to them: "Has a man, possessed of so much wealth and prosperity, anything to desire in this world?"" One thing only," said one of them, "a nail to fix the wheel of fortune." disgraced society, that of swearing admits of Swearing. Of all the crimes, that ever the least palliation. be derived from it; and nothing but perverseNo possible benefit can ness and depravity of human nature, would valence, that by many, it is mistaken for a ever have suggested it; yet such is its prefashionable acquirement, and considered, by unreflecting persons, as indicative of energy and decision of character.

those who are in the love, and under the inVarieties. 1. Duty sounds sweetly, to fluence of truth and goodness: its path does not lead thro' thorny places, and over cheerless wastes; but winds pleasantly, amid green meadows and shady groves. 2. A new truth is, to some, as impossible of discovery, as the new world was to the faithless cotemporaries of Columbus; they do not believe in such a thing; and more than this, they will not believe in it: yet they will sit in judg ment on those who do believe in such a contraband article, and condemn them without mercy.

THE FALLS OF NIAGARA.

The thoughts are strange that crowd into my brain,
While I look upward to thee. It would seem
As if God-pour'd thee from his "hollow hand,"
And hung his bow upon thine awful front;
And spoke, in that loud voice, which seem'd to him
Who dwelt in Patmos-for his Saviour's sake,
“The sound of many waters ;" and had bade
Thy flood-to chronicle the ages back,
And notch His centuries-in the eternal rocks.

Deep-calleth unto deep. And what are we,
That hear the question-of that voice sublime?
O! what are all the notes, that ever rung
From war's vain trumpet, by thy thundering side!
Yea, what is all the riot-man can make
In his short life, to thy unceasing roar!
And yet, bold babbler, what art thou-to Him
Who drown'd a world, and heaped the waters far
Above its loftiest mountains?—a light wave,
That breaks, and whispers—of its Maker's might.
Say, what can Chloe want? she wants a heart.

452. OBSERVATIONS. No one can ever Maxims. 1. A people's education-is a nabecome a good reader, or speaker, by reading tion's best defence. 2. Let not the sun go down in a book; because what is thus acquired upon your wrath. 3. Who aims at excellence, is more from thought than from feeling; will be above mediocrity; and who aims at meand of course, has less of freedom in it; diocrity, will fall short of it. 4. Forbearance is and we are, from the necessity of the case, a domestic jewel. 5. The affection of parents is more or less constrained and mechanical. best shown to their children, by teaching them What we hear, enters more directly into the what is good and true. 6. Feeble are the efforts in which the heart has no share. 7. By taking affectuous part of the mind, than what we see, revenge, a man is but even with his enemy; but and becomes more readily a part of ourselves, in passing it over—he is superior. 8. Loveliness i. e. becomes conjoined instead of being ad-needs not the aid of ornament; but is, when unjoined: relatively, as the food which we eat, adorned, adorned the most. 9. No one ever did, digests and is appropriated, and a plaster nor ever can, do any one an injury, without dothat is merely stuck on the body. Thus, we ing a greater injury to himself. 10. It is better can see a philosophic reason why faith is not to know the truth, than to know it, and not said to come by hearing, and that we walk do it. by faith, and not by sight: i. e. from love, that casts out the fear that hath torment; that fear which enslaves body and mind, instead of making both free.

Ever distinguish substances-from sound;
There is, in liberty, what gods approve;
And only men, like gods, have taste to share;
There is, in liberty, what pride perverts,
To serve sedition, and perplex command.
True liberty-leaves all things free, but guilt;
And fetters everything—but art, and virtue;
False liberty-holds nothing bound, but power,
And lets loose-every tie, that strengthens law.
Home-is man's ark, when trouble springs;
When gathering tempests—shade his morrow;
And woman's love-the bird, that brings

Pursuit of Knowledge. He, that enlarges his curiosity after the works of nature, demonstrably multiplies the inlets to happiness; therefore, we should cherish ardor in the pursuit of useful knowledge, and remember, that a blighted spring makes a barren year, and that the vernal flowers, however beautiful and gay, are only intended by nature as preparatives to autumnal fruits.

Varieties. 1. Business letters should always be written with great clearness and perspicuity every paragraph should be so plain, that the dullest fellow cannot mistake it, nor be obliged to read it twice, to understand it. 2. Lawyers and their clients remind one of two rows of persons at a fire; His peace-branch--o'er a flood of sorrow. one-passing full buckets, the other return453. CONQUERING-LOVE. To learn al- ing empty ones. 3. The bump of self-esteem most any art, or science, appears arduous, or is so prominent on some men's heads, that difficult, at first; but if we have a heart for they can't keep their hats on in a windy day. any work, it soon becomes comparatively 4. A crow will fly at the rate of 20 miles an easy. To make a common watch, or a watch hour; a hawk, 40; and an eagle 80. 5. worn in a ring; to sail over the vast ocean, The heaviest fetter, that ever weighed down &c., seems at first, almost impossible; yet the limbs of a captive, is as the robe of the they are constantly practiced. The grand gossamer, compared with the pledge of a secret of simplifying a science is analyzing man of honor. 6. An envious person, waxit; in beginning with what is easy, and pro- eth lean with the fatness of his neighbor. 7. ceeding to the combinations, difficult, most | Nature-supplies the raw material, and edudifficult: by this method, miracles may be cation-is the manufacturer. wrought the hill of science must be ascended step by step. Conceptions. Would it not be well for metaphysicians to distinguish between the conception of abstract truth, and the conception of past perception, by calling the latter-mental perception, as contradistinguished from all other? Anecdote. Rouge. A female, praising the beautiful color, used by the artist on her miniature, was told by him, that he did not doubt she was a woman of good taste; for they both bought their rouge at the same shop. True philosophy discerns

A ray of heavenly light--gilding all forms
Terrestrial,--in the vast, the minute,
The unambiguous footsteps of a God,
Who gives his lustre-to an insect's wing,
And wheels his throne, upon the rolling worlds.

The dumb shall sing, the lame his crutch forego,
And leap, exulting, like the bounding roe.
Distrustful sense with modest caution speaks;
It still looks home, and short excursions makes;
But rattling nonsense in full volleys breaks.
Come, gentle Spring, etherial mildness, come,
And, from the bosom of yon dropping cloud,
(While music wakes around,) vailed in a shower
Of shadowing roses, on the plains descend.
The man, that dares traduce, because he can,
With safety to himself, is not a man.

Slander meets no regards from noble minds;
Only the base-believe what the base utter.
If I lose mine honor, I lose myself;
Mine honor-is my life; both grow in one;
Take honor from me-and my life is done.
He was a man, take him for all in all,

I shall not look upon his like again.

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