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418. The merging of the Diatonic Scale
in the Musical Staff, as some have done in
elocution, is evidently incorrect; for then, the
exact pitch of voice is fixed, and all must
take that pitch, whether it be in accordance
with the voice, or not. But in the simple di-
atonic scale, as here presented, each one
takes his lowest natural note for his tonic, or
key-note, and then, passes to the medium
range of pitches. Different voices are often
keyed on different pitches; and to bring
them all to the same pitch, is as arbitrary as
Procruste's bedstead, according to Hudribras:
"This iron bedstead, they do fetch,
To try our hopes upon;

If we're too short, we must be stretch'd,
Cut off-if we're too long."

Beware of all racks; be natural, or nothing.
What the weak head-with strongest bias rules,
Is (6) PRIDE; the never-failing vice of fools.
A soul, without reflection, like a pile,
Without inhabitant-to ruin runs.
Wit-is fine language-to advantage dressed;
Better often thought, but ne'er so well expressed.
Our needful knowledge, like our needful food,
Unhedged, lies open-in life's common field,
And bids ALL-welcome-to the vital feast.
Let sense-be ever in your view;
Nothing is lovely, that is not true.
419. SUGGESTIONS. Let the pupils me-
morize any of the proverbs, laconics, max-
ims, or questions, and recite them on occa-
sions like the following: when they first as-
semble in the school-room; or, meet together
in a social circle: let them also carry on a
kind of conversation, or dialogue with them,
and each strive to get one appropriate to the
supposed state, character, &c. of another: or
use them in a variety of ways, that their in-
genuity may suggest.

Pride. There is no passion so universal, or that steals into the heart more imperceptibly, and covers itself under more disguises, than pride; and yet, there is not a single view of human nature, which is not sufficient to extinguish in us all the secret seeds of pride, and sink the conscious soulto the lowest depths of humility.

Anecdote. Sterling Integrity. In 1778, while congress was sitting in Philadelphia, frequent attempts were made, by the British officers, and agents, to bribe several of the members. Governor Johnstone-authorized

Laconies. 1. Any violation of law-is a breach of morality. 2. Music, in all its variety, is essentially one: and so is speech, tho' infinitely diversified. 3. Literary people-are often unpleasant companions in mixed society; because they have not always the power of adapting themselves to others. 4. It is pedantry-to introduce foreign words into our language, when we have pure English words to express all that the exotics to every one. 5. Whatever is merely artificial, is contain; with the advantage of being intelligible unnatural; which is opposed to general eloquence. 6. There can be no great advances made, in genuine scientific truth, without well regulated affec tions. 7. We can be almost anything we choose; if we will a thing to be done, no matter how high the aim, success is nearly certain.

Anger. Of all passions-there is not one so extravagant and outrageous as this; other passions solicit and mislead us: but thisruns away with us by force, hurries us as well to our own, as to another's ruin: it often falls upon the wrong person, and discharges its wrath on the innocent instead of the guilty. It spares neither friend nor foe; but tears all to pieces, and casts human nature into a perpetual warfare.

VARIETIES.

the following proposal, to be made to Col.
Joseph Reed: "That if he would engage his
interest to promote the objects of the British,
he should receive THIRTY THOUSAND DOL-Not soon provoked, she easily forgives;
LARS, and any office in the colonies, in his
majesty's gift. Col. Reed-indignantly re-
plied, "I am not worth purchasing; but
such as I am, the king of Great Britain is
not rich enough to buy me."

All the world's a stage,
And all the men and women-merely players:
And one man, in his time, plays many parts,
They have their exits, and their entrances;
His acts-being seven ages. At first, the infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms;
And then, the whining school-boy, with his satchel,
And shining morning face, creeping like snail,
Unwilingly, to school. And then, the lover;
Sighing like a furnace, with a woeful ballad
Made to his mistress' eyebrow: Then, a soldier,
Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honor, sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
In fair round belly, with good capon lined,
Even in the cannon's mouth: And then the justice;
With eyes severe, and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saus and modern instances,
And so he plays his part: The sixth age-shifts
Into the lean and slipper'd pantaloon;
With spectacles on nose, and pouch on side;
His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble—pipes,
And whistles in his sound: Last scene of all,
Is second childishness, and mere oblivion ;
That ends this strange eventful history,
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.
Softens the high, and rears the abject mind;
Charity, decent, modest, easy, kind,
Knows, with just reins, and gentle hand, to guide
Betwixt vile shame-and arbitrary pride.

And much-she suffers, as she much-believes.
Soft peace she brings, wherever she arrives ;
She builds our quiet, as she forms our lives ;
Lays the rough paths-of peevish nature even;
And opens, in each heart, a little heaven.

420. THE SLENDER CHARACTERISTIC OF Maxims. 1. Some are alert in the beginning, VOICE. In all cases, endeavor to express by but negligent in the end. 2. Fear-is often conthe voice and gesture, the sense and feeling, cealed under a show of daring. 3. The remedy is that are designed to be conveyed by the often worse than the disease. 4. A faint heart nev words; i. e. tell the whole truth. Most of er won a fair lady. 5. No man is free, who does the following words, that Shakspeare puts not govern himself. 6. An angry man opens his into the mouth of Hotspur, descriptive of a mouth, and shuts his eyes. 7. Such as give ear to dandy, requires the use of this peculiarity of slanderers, are as bad as slanderers themselves. voice, in order to exhibit their full meaning. Proud looks lose hearts, but courteous words—win Conceive how a blunt, straight-forward, hon- them. 10. Brevity is the soul of eloquence. est soldier would make his defence, when unjustly accused by his finical superior, of unsoldier-like conduct; and then recite the

following.

My liege-I did deny no prisoners.

But I remember, when the fight was done,
When I was dry with rage, and extreme toil,
Breathless, and faint, leaning upon my sword,
Came there a certain lord; neat, trimly dress'd;
Fresh as a bridegroom; and his chin, new reap'd,
Showed like stubble-land-at harvest home.
He was perfumed like a milliner;

And, 'twixt his finger and his thumb, he held
A pouncet-box, which, ever and anon,
He gave his nose. And still he smil'd, and talk'd,
And as the soldiers-bore dead bodies by,
He called them untaught knaves, unmannerly,
To bring a slovenly, unhandsome corse
Betwixt the wind-and his nobility.
With many holiday, and lady terms,

He question'd me; amongst the rest, demanded

My prisoners, in her majesty's behalf;

8. A cheerful manner denotes a gentle nature. 9.

Anecdote. Self-interest. When Dr. Franklin applied to the king of Prussia to lend his assistance to America,-" Pray Doctor," says he, "what is the object you mean to attain ?" "Liberty, Sire," replied the philosopher; "Liberty! that freedom, which is the birthright of all men." The king, after a short pause, made this memorable answer: "I was born a prince, and am become a king; and I will not use the powers I possess, to the ruin of my own trade."

--

Of Lying. Lying-supplies those who are addicted to it-with a plausible apology for every crime, and with a supposed shelter from every punishment. It tempts them to rush into danger· from the mere expectation of impunity; and, when practiced with frequent success, it teaches them to confound the gradations of guilt; from the effects of which there is, in their imaginations, at least one sure and common protection. It

I then, all smarting with my wounds, being gall'd corrupts the early simplicity of youth; it

To be so pestered with a popinjay,

Out of my grief-and my impatience,
Answered negligently,-I know not what-

He should, or should not; for he made me mad,
To see him shine so brisk, and smell so sweet,
And talk so like a waiting gentlewoman, [mark,)
Of guns, and drums, and wounds, (heaven save the
And telling me the sovreign'st thing on earth,
Was spermaceti-for an inward bruise:
And that it was great pity, (so it was,)
That villanous saltpetre-should be digged,
Out of the bowels of the harmless earth,
Which many a good, tall fellow had destroyed
So cowardly; and, but for these vile guns,
He would himself have been a soldier:
This bald, unjointed chat of his, my lord,
I answered indirectly, as I said;
And I beseech you, let not his report
Come current, for an accusation,

blasts the fairest blossoms of genius; and will most assuredly counteract every effort, by which we may hope to improve the talents, and mature the virtues of those whom it infects.

Varieties. 1. A very moderate power, exercised by perseverance, will effect-what direct force could never accomplish. 2. We must not deduce an argument against the use of a thing, from an occasional abuse of it. 3. Should we let a painful and cold attention to manner and voice, chill the warmth of our hearts, in our fervency and zeal in a good cause? 4. Youth-often rush on, impetuously, in the pursuit of every gratification, heedless of consequences. 5. The udherence to truth-produces much good; and its appearances-much mischief. 6. Every one, who does not grow better, as he grows older, Number. Unity—is an abstract concep- is a spendthrift of that time, which is more tion, resembling primary, or incorporeal precious than gold. 7. Obedience to the matter, in its general aggregate; one-ap-truths of the Word, is the life of all; for. pertains to things, capable of being num- truths are the laws of the heavens, and of the bered, and may be compared to matter, rendered visible under a particular form. Number is not infinite, any more than matter is; but it is the source of that indefinite divisibility, into equal parts, which is the property of all bodies. Thus, unity and one are to be distinguished from each other. Plenty-makes dainty.

Betwixt my love, and your high majesty.

church; obedience—implies the reception of them; so far as we receive, so far we are alive, by the coming of the kingdom within

us.

Whoe'er, amidst the sons

Of reason, valor, liberty, and virtue,
Displays distinguished merit, is a noble
Of Nature's own making.

421. TREMOR OF VOICE-resembles the Proverbs. 1. Proud persons have few real trill in singing, and may be indicated in this friends. 2. Mildness-governs better than anger. manner, ; the voice ranging 3. No hope should influence us to do evil. 4. Few from a quarter of a tone, to several tones. things are impossible to skill and industry. 5. It is made deep in the throat, with a drop-Diligence is the mistress of success. 6. Conscience ping of the jaw; and when properly used, is never dilatory in her warnings. 7. A vain it is very effective and heart-stirring: espe- hope flattereth the heart of a fool. 8. Moderate cially, in the higher kinds of oratory. It speed is a sure help to all proceedings. 9. Liberheightens joy, mirth, rapture, and exulta- If you endeavor to be honest, you struggle with timm; adds pungency to scorn, contempt, and yourself. sarcasm deepens the notes of sorrow, and enhances those of distress: often witnessed in children, when manifesting their delights. There are several degrees, from the gross to the most refined.

ality of knowledge makes no one the poorer. 10.

Names. A man, that should call every thing by its right name, would hardly pass through the streets, without being knocked down as a common enemy.

Varieties. 1. In 1840, there were in the 422. 1. Said Falstaff, of his ragged regi- United States, five hundred and eighty-four ment, "I'll not march through Coventry thousand whites, who could not read or with them, that's flat; no eye hath seen such write; five thousand, seven hundred and scarecrows." Almost every word requires a seventy-three deaf and dumb; five thouskind of chuckle, especially the italic ones; and and twenty-four blind; fourteen thousand by making a motion with the chin, up and five hundred and eight insane, or idiots, and down, the shake of the voice will corres- and two millions four hundred and eightypond to the sign, 2. In seven thousand slaves. 2. As our populathis example we have an instance of a refin- tion increases thirty-four per cent. in ten ed tremor of voice; but the right feeling is ne-years, at this rate, in 1850, our seventeen cessary to produce it naturally. Queen Cath- millions will be twenty-two millions: in arine said, in commending her daughter to 1860, thirty millions; and in 1900, ninetyHenry, " And a little to love her, for her moth-five millions. 3. The regular increase of the er's sake: who loved him-heaven knows N. E. states is fourteen per cent; of the midhow dearly." The coloring matter of the dle states twenty-five per cent.; of the southvoice is feeling-passion, which gives rise to ern twenty-two per cent.; and of the westthe qualities of voice; thus, we employ ern-sixty-eight per cent. 4. Many persons harsh tones in speaking of what we disap-are more anxious to know who Melchisedec prove, and euphoneous ones in describing the was, or what was Paul's thorn in the flesh, objects of love, complacency, admiration, &c. than to know what they shall do to be saved. 423. In extemporaneous speaking, or 5. To cure anger, sip of a glass of water, till speaking from manuscript, (i. e. making it the fit goes off. 6. An infallible remedy for talk,) when the speaker is under the influ- anxiety-"cast thy burden upon the Lord, ence of strong passion, the voice is apt to be and he shall sustain thee." carried to the higher pitches: how shall he regain his medium pitch? by changing the passion to one requiring low notes; thus, the surface of his flow of voice, will present the appearance of a country with mountains, hills, and dales. Elocution-relates more to the words and thoughts of others; oratory to our own. To become a good reader and speaker, one must be perfect in elocution, which relates to words: in logic, which relates to thoughts; and in rhetoric, which appertains to the affections: thus involving ends, causes, and effects.

Anecdote. Aged Gallantry. A gallant old gentleman, by the name of Page, who was something of a rhymester, finding a lady's glove at a watering-place, presented it to her, with the following lines:

"If from your glove-you take the letter g, Your glove-is love-which I devote to-thee." To which the lady returned the following

answer:

"If from your Page, you take the letter p, Your page-is age,-and that won't do for me."

TRY; TRY AGAIN.
'Tis a lesson-you should heed,
Try, try again;

If at first-you don't succeed,
Try, try again;
Then your courage should appear,
For, if you will persevere,
You will conquer, never fear;
Try, try again.

Once, or twice, though you should fail,
Try, try again;

If you would, at last, prevail,
Try, try again;

If we strive, 'tis no disgrace,
Though we may not win the race;
What should you do in the case?
Try, try again.

If you find your task is hard,
Try, try again;

Time will bring you your reward,
Try, try again;

All that other folks can do,
Why, with patience, should not you?
Only keep this rule in view,

TRY, TRY AGAIN.

424. Before entering on a consideration and illustration of the Passions, the pupil is urged to revise the preceding lessons and exercises; but do not be deceived with the idea, that thinking about them is enough, or reading them over silently; join practice with thought, and the effects are yours. One of the great difficulties in thinking about any art or science, and witnessing the efforts of others in their presentation, is-that one's taste is so far in advance of his own practice, that he becomes disgusted with it, and despairs of his success. Let us remember that nothing is truly our own, that we do not understand, love and practice.

Proverbs. 1. Beauty is no longer amiable, than while virtue adorns it. 2. Past services should never be forgotten. 3. A known enemy is better than a treacherous friend. 4. Don't engage in any undertaking, if your conscience says no to it. 5. Benefits and injuries receive their value from the intention. 6. We should give by choice, and not by hazard. 7. He, that does good to another, from proper motives, does good also to himself. 8. He that is false to God can never be true to man. 9. A good principle is sure to produce a good practice. 10. None are truly wise, but those that are pure in heart.

Anecdote. Contrary. A woman, having fallen into a river, her husband went to look for her, proceeding up stream from where she fell in. The bystanders asked him if he was mad? she could not have gone against the stream. The man answered:

She was obstinate and contrary in her lifetime, and I suppose for certain she is so at her death."

HAMLET'S INSTRUCTIONS ON DELIVERY. Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you; trippingly on the tongue. But if you mouth it, as many of our players do, I had as lief the town-crier had spoke my lines. And do not saw the air too much with your hand; but use all gently; for in the very torrent, tempest, and, as I may say, WHIRLWIND of your passion, you must Intuition. We cannot have an idea of acquire and beget a temperance, that may give it one, without the idea of another to which it smoothness. Oh! it offends me to the soul, to hear is related. We then get the idea of two, a robustious, periwig-pated fellow tear a passion by contemplating them both; referring, abto tatters, to very rags, to split the ears of the stractly, to one of them. We say one and groundlings; who, (for the most part,) are capa-one are equal to two; one one, is less than ble of nothing, but inexplicable dumb-show and noise. I would have such a fellow whipp'd for o'erdoing termagant, it out-Herod's Herod. Pray you, avoid it. Be not too tame, neither; but let your own discretion be your tutor. Suit the action-to the word, the word—to the action; with this special observance, that you o'erstep not the modesty of nature: for anything, so overdone, is from the purpose of playing; whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is-to hold, as 'twere, the mirror up to nature; to show virtue her own

two ones; therefore, one does not equal two. One and one, are the parts of two, and the parts of a thing are equal to the whole of it. Thus, we come to the knowledge of what has been called intuitive proposition, only by reasoning. When such a principle is clearly admitted, we cannot deny its truth, for a moment: but it is far from being, strictly speaking, an intuitive truth.

Varieties. 1. The virtues of the country are with our women, and the only remaining feature, scorn-her own image,—and the very age hope of the resurrection of the genius and and body of the time, his form and pressure. Now, character of the nation, rests with them. 2. this overdone, or come tardy off, though it may The present—is the parent of the future. 3. make the unskillful laugh, cannot but make the The last words of the Indian chief, who "When judicious-grieve: the censure of one of which, died at Washington, in 1824, were, must, in your allowance, o'erweigh a whole thea-I am gone, let the big guns be fired over tre of others. Oh! there be players that I have me." 4. Beware of turning away from doseen play, and heard others praise, and that high would do, if you only had the means. 5. ing good, by thinking how much good you ly, that, neither having the accent of christian, nor The pleasure of thinking on important subthe gait of christian, pagan, nor man, have so jects, with a view to communicate our tho❜ts strutted and bellowed, that I have thought some to the unfolding minds around us, is a most exquisite pleasure. 6. Principle and practice must go hand in hand, to make the 7. The time is fast apthe Universe from new positions. proaching, when the mind will strike out new fields, and view itself, its Creator, and

of nature's journeymen had made men, and not made them well; they imitated humanity so abominably.

425. TENDENCIES OF OUR LANGUAGE.

it affords good means to deliver our thoughts As our language abounds in monosyllables, in few sounds, and thereby favors despatch, which is one of our characteristics; and when we use words of more than one syllable, we readily contract them some, by our rapid pronunciation, or by the omission of some vowel; as, drown'd, walk'd, dips; instead of drown-ed, walk-ed, dip-peth, &c.; and even proper names of several syllables, when familiarized, often dwindle down into monosyllables; whereas, in other languages, they receive a softer turn, by the addition of a new syllable.

man, or woman.

HOPE.

Why do those cliffs of shadowy tint appear,
More sweet than all the landscapes shining near?
Tis distance lends enchantment to the view,
And robes the mountain in its azure hue!
Thus with delight we linger to survey
The promis'd joys of life's unmeasur'd way;
Thus from afar, each dim discover'd scene,
More pleasing seems than all the past hath been,
And every form that fancy can repair,
From dark oblivion, glows divinely there.

426. A just delivery consists in a distinct articulation of words, pronounced in proper tones, suitably varied to the sense, and the emotions of the mind; with due observation of accent, the several gradations of emphasis; pauses or rests in proper places, and well measured degrees of time; and the whole accompanied with expressive looks, and significant gestures. To conceive, and to execute, are two different things: the first may arise from study and observation; the second is the effect of practice.

427. RULES FOR THE. When questions are not answered by yes or no; as, Who is that lady? In AFFIRMATIVE sentences; as-I am prepared to go: language of AUTHORITY; as- -Back to thy punishment, false fugitive: TERROR; as-- The light burns blue: SURPRISE; as-Sir, I perceive that thou art a prophet: REPREHENSION; as--You are very much to blame for suffering him to pass: INDIGNATION: Go-false fellow, and let me never see your face again: CONTEMPT; as-To live in awe of such a thing as I myself: EXCLAMATION: O nature! how honorable is thy empire! RHETORICAL DIALOGUE, when one or more persons are represented; as-James said, Charles, go and do as you were bidden; and John said, he need not go at present, for I have something for him to do: and the FINAL PAUSE; as-All general rules have some exceptions.

428. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS. 1. Is there more than one God? 2. Was the world created out of nothing? 3. What is the meaning of the expression, "let us make man in our image, after our likeness ?" 4. By what means can we become happy? 5. Can we be a friend, and an enemy, at the same time? 6. Are miracles the most convincing evidences of truth? 7. Will dying for principles, prove any thing more than the sincerity of the martyr? 8. Is it possible for a created being to merit salvation by good works? 9. Have we life of our own; or are we dependent

on God for it every moment? 10. What is the difference between good and evil? 11. Is any law independent of its maker? 12.

Are miracles-violations of nature's laws?

429. Some think matter is all, and manner little or nothing; but if one were to speak the sense of an angel in bad words, and with a disagreeable utterance, few would listen to him with much pleasure or profit. The figure of Adonis, with an awkward air, and ungraceful motion, would be disgusting instead of pleasing.

Reader, whosoe'er thou art,

What thy God has given, impart ;
Hide it not within the ground;
Send the cup of blessing round.

Proverbs. 1. To fail, or not-to fail; that is the question. 2. He, that loveth pleasure, shall be a poor man. 3. Flattery is a dazzling meteor, that casts a delusive glare before the mental eye seduces the imagination, perverts the judgment, and silences the dictates of reason. 4. Mankind are governed more by feeling and impulse, than interest, always unite. 6. An occasional hearty by reason and reflection. 5. Our duty and true laugh, is often an act of wisdom. 7. No one can be great, who is not virtuous. 8. We make more than half the evils we feel. 9. No one can estimate the value of a pious, discreet, and faithful mother. 10. The boy-is the father of the man.

Anecdote. Tallow and Talent. Fletcher, bishop of Nesmes, was the son of a tallowchandler. A great duke once endeavored to mortify the prelate, by saying to him, at the king's levee, that he smelt of tallow. To which the bishop replied, "My lord, I am the son of a chandler, it is true, and if your lordship had been the same, you would have remained a chandler all the days of your life.

Disinterestedness-is the very flower of all the virtues, a manifestation-in the heart of one who feels and acts from it, of heaven on earth, the very reflection of the sun of Parudise. If mankind more generally, knew how beautiful it is to serve others, from the love of doing them good, there would not be so much cold and narrow selfishness in the world. When we have contributed most to the happiness of others, we are receptive ourselves of the most happiness.

Varieties. 1. Never repay kindness with unkindness. 2. Is pride-commendable? 3. No guarantee for the conduct of nations, or individuals, ought to be stronger than that which honor imposes. 4. True patriotism labors for civil and religious liberty all over the world-for universal freedom; the liberty and happiness of the human race. 5. What is charity, and what are its fruits? 6. When persons are reduced to want, by their own laziness, or vices, is it a duty to relieve them? 7. To read Milton's Paradise Lost, ment of the Essay on Man, is said to have is the pleasure of but few. 8. The argubeen written by Bolingbroke, and versified by Pope. 9. Painting, Sculpture and Architecture are three subjects, on which nearly to conceal ignorance, if they cannot display all persons, of polite education, are compelled knowledge. 10. Is labor-a blessing, or a

a curse?

Music-oh! how faint, how weak!
LANGUAGE-fades before thy spell;
Why should feeling-ever speak,

When thou canst breathe her soul-so well. Ah! why will kings-forget-that they are men, And MEN, that they are brethren? [the ties Why delight-in human sacrifice! Why burst Of NATURE, that should knit their souls together In one soft band-of amity and love?

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