376. INTONATIONS. The intonations are opposite to monotones, and mean the rise and fall of the voice, in its natural movements through a sentence: they are demonstrated in music, and here, in elocution. In all common kinds of reading and speaking, the voice should not generally rise and fall more than one note, in its passage from syllable to syllable, and from word to word: its movement will then be gentle, easy and flowing. But when the passion, or sentiment to be exhibited, is powerfully awakening or exciting, it may rise or fall several notes, according to the predominance of feeling.

377. Our (6) SIGHT-is the most (4) perfect, and most (5) delightful - of all our senses. (4) It fills the mind with the largest variety of (3) ideas; (5) converses with its objects at the greatest (6) distance; and con

tinues the longest in (5) action, without being (4) tired—or (3) satiated, with its proper enjoyments. The (6) sense of (S) FEELING, can, indeed, give us the idea of (5) extension, (6) shape, and all other properties of matter, th't are perceived by the (5) eye, except (4) colors. (3) At the same time-it is very much (5) straightened—and (4) confined in its operations, to the (3) number, (4) bulk, and (5) distance, of its peculiar objects.

378. When we read, or speak, without any feeling, the voice ranges between our first and fourth notes; when there is a moderate degree of feeling, and the subject somewhat interesting, it ranges between our second and sixth notes; when there is a high degree of feeling and interest, it ranges between our fourth and eighth notes; descending, however, to the third and first, in a cadence, or close of the effort. It is highly necessary to keep the voice afloat, and never let it run

aground; that is, let the feeling and thought keep it on the proper pitches, and do not let it descend to the first, or ground-note, till the piece is completed; except in depressed monotony. Memorize the preceding, and talk it off in an easy, graceful and appropriate

Proverbs. 1. A clear conscience fears no accusation. 2. An open door will tempt a saint. 3. 4. Confidence is the companion of success. Cruelty to a woman is the crime of a monster. 5. A smart reproof is better than smooth deceit. 6. Add not trouble to the grief-worn heart. 7. Affectation is at best a deformity. 8. Bear misfortunes with patience and fortitude. 9. A good maxim is never

out of season. 10. Ambition-never looks behind.
makes no one happy.
11. A wise man wants but little. 12. Knowledge

Anecdote. A tragedy of Eschylus was
once represented before the Athenians, in
which it was said of one of the characters,
"that he cared more to be just, than to appear
so."
At these words, all eyes were instantly
all the Greeks, most merited that distinguish-
upon Aristides, as the man who, of
ed character: and ever after he received, by

turned

66

universal consent, the surname of—“ The

Just."

christians of all grades and classes, even down Courtesy. St. Paul, addressing himself to to menial servants, exhorts them to be courteous. Courteousness-must mean, therefore, a something, which is within the reach of all sorts of people; and, in its primary and best neously springs from a heart, warm with sense, is exactly such a behavior, as spontabenevolence, and unwilling to give needless pain, or uneasiness to a fellow-being. We have no more right, wantonly or carelessly to wound the mind, than to wound the body of a fellow-being; and, in many instances, the former-is the more cruel of the two.

Varieties. 1. Some start in life, without any leading object at all; some, with a low proportion to the elevation at which they aim, aim, and some, with a high one; and just in will generally be their success. 2. Guard against fraud, and imposition; and forego some advantages, rather than gain them at a risk, that cannot be ascertained. 3. In the the nicest discrimination, and great solidity determination of doubtful and intricate cases, of judgment, are required. 4. We have an instinctive expectation of finding nature Abstract Question. Which is more proeverywhere the same,-always consistent, bable, that our judgment, in respect to exter- and true to herself; but whence this expec nal phenomena, has been warped, by compar-native air of true freedom, to alter, expand, tation? 5. Is there not something in the ing their operations with those of the mind; and improve the external form, as well as the or, that our metaphysical mistakes have been occasioned, by forming a false analogy be-internal? 6. Is not affluence—a snare, and tween its internal operations, and outward poverty, a temptation? 7. Man is a true epitome of the spiritual world, or world of appearances? mind; and to know himself, is the perfection of wisdom.

manner.

The midnight moon-serenely smiles
O'er nature's soft repose;
No towering cloud obscures the sky,
No ruffling tempest blows.

Now, every passion-sinks to rest;
The throbbing heart lies still;

And varying schemes of life-no more
Distract the laboring will

CURIOSITY.

It came from Heaven,-it reign'd in Eden's shades,
It roves on earth-and every walk invades :
Childhood-and age-alike its influence own,
It haunts the beggar's nook, the monarch's throne;
Hangs o'er the cradle, leans above the bier,
Gazed on old Babel's tower,-and lingers here.

379. INTONATIONS AND MELODY OF SPEECH. By the first-is meant the movement of the voice through the different notes of the scale, As-cending and DE-scending, with an appropriate and agreeable variety of sounds; by the second, an agreeable succession of sounds, either in speech or song A dull repetition of words or sounds, on nearly the same pitch, is very grating to the ear, and disgusting to correct taste; and yet it is one of the most common faults of the bar, the senate and pulpit; indeed, in every place where there is public speaking: which is the melancholy result of the usual course of teaching children to read.

Laconics. 1. By minding our own business, we shall be more useful, more benevolent, more respected, and ten times happier. 2. That student will live miserably, who lies down, like a camel, under his burden. 3. Remember, while you live, it is by looks-that men deceive. 4. A indeed the wisest foe. 5. He, who confides in a foolish friend may cause more woe, Than could lucky, if he is not a sufferer by it, 6. The condiperson of no honor, may consider himself very tion of mankind is such, that we must not believe every smooth speech-the cover of a kind intention. 7. Who is wise? He who learns from every one. 8. Who is rich? He, who is contented. 9. Nothing is so dumb--as deep emotion. 10. Where there is much mystery, there is generally much ignorance. 11. Catch not soon at offence. 12.

380. EXAMPLES PARTIALLY EXHIBITED. 1.(5) Seest thou a man (5) diligent in his (6) bu-Whoso loseth his spirits, loseth all. siness? (5) He shall stand before (4) kings, (3) he shall (4) stand before (5) mean men. 2. (3) O swear not by the (6) moon, the (5) inconstant (4) mom, (3) that monthly (5) changes in its circled (3) orb. 3. Said Mr. Pitt, to his aged accuser, in debate, (4) "But (6) youth, it seems, is not my (5) only (3) crime, (4) I have been accused of (5) acting (6) a (8) theatrical part." 4. (5) Standing on the ascent of the (6) past, we survey the (5) present, and (4) extend our views into (3) futurity. 5. (5) No one-will ever be the (4) happier, for (5) talents, or (4) riches, (3) unless he makes a right (3) use of them. 6. (5) Truths--have (4) life in them; and the (6) effect of that life is (3) unceasing expansion. 7. (6) He, who loves the (5) Lord, with all his (4) heart, and his neighbor as (4) himself, needs no (5) compass, or (4) helm to steer his (3) course; because (5) truth and (4) love are his (3) wind and (2) tide. N. B. The inflections, circumflexes, &c., commence with the accented vowel, which is supposed to be on the note indicated by the preceding figure.

Anecdote. Choice of a Husband. An Athenian, who was hesitating, whether to give his daughter in marriage to a man of worth with a small fortune, or to a rich man, who had no other recommendation, went to consult Themistocles on the subject. "I would bestow my daughter," said Themistocles, "upon a man without money, rather than upon money without a man."

381. PROMISCUOUS EXAMPLES WITHOUT NOTATION. The predominant characteristics of the female mind is affection: and that of the male mind is thought: tho' both have affection and thought; but disparity—does not imply inferiority. The sexes are intended for different spheres of life, and are created in conformity to their destination, by Him, who bids the oak-brave the fury of the tempest, and the Alpine flower-lean its cheek on the bosom of eternal snow.

Abstract Question. Is not that propensity of the human mind, which seeks for a medium of communication, between two physical phenomena, to be traced to the fact, that every admitted truth, is derived from a medium of knowledge; and that there is a connection among all intellectual phenomena; so much so, that we cannot conceive a new idea, without a medium of communication?

True Philosophy-consists in doing all the good that we can, in learning all the good we can, in teaching to others all the good we can, in bearing, to the best of our ability, the various ills of life, and in enjoying, with gratitude, every honest pleasure— that comes in our way.

Varieties. 1. Should not our intentions, as well as our actions-be good? 2. True love-is of slow growth, mutual and reciprocal, and founded on esteem. 3. Graces, and accomplishments—are too often designed for beaux-caching, and coquetry. 4. There is time for all things. 5. An individual-inclined to magnify every good, and minify every evil-must be a pleasing companion, or partner-for life,-whether male or female. 6. Knowledge-is not wisdom; it is only the raw material, from which the beautiful fabric of wisdom is produced; therefore, let us not spend our days in gathering materials, and live, and die, without a shelter. 7. Every evil-has its limit; which, when passed, plunges the wicked into misery. 8. One thief in the house, is more to be dreaded than ten-in the street. 9. The more haste, generally the worst speed. 10. The moral government, under which we live, is a kingdom of uses; and whatever we possess, is given us for use; and with it, the opportunity and power of using it.

Thou art, O God, the life and light
Of all this wondrous world we see,
Its glow by day, its smile by night,
Are but reflections-caught from thee;
Where'er we turn, thy glories shine,
And all things fair and bright are thine.

384. REVISIONS. Let all the preceding principles be reviewed, with an illustration of each, and endeavor to fix them, permanently, in the mind, by seeing their truth, and feeling their power in practice; so that you can write a work yourself on the philosophy of mind and voice. Remember, that nothing is yours, till you make it your own, by understanding it scientifically, rationally and affectuously, and then by applying it to its proper object: do not forget effects, causes, ends, their successive order, and simultaneous development.

EVE'S LAMENT ON LEAVING PARADISE.

(Plaintive, with quantity.)

O, unexpected stroke, worse than of Death!
Must I thus leave thee, Paradise? thus leave
Thee, native soil, these happy walks and shades,
Fit haunt of gods? where I had hoped to spend,
(Quiet, tho' sad,) the respite of that day,
That must be mortal to us both;

Laconics. 1. The great battle and contest among politicians is not how the government shall be administered, but who shall administer it. 2. They who go to church out of vanity, or curiosity, and not for worship and instruction, should not value themselves on account of their religion;

for it is not worth a straw. 3. Allow time for

consideration; everything is badly executed, that is done by force or violence. 4. Occasional mirth, is not incompatible with wisdom; and the man of reserved habits, may sometimes be gay. 5. Happy are they, who draw lessons of prudence-from the dangers, in which others are involved. 6. Eloquence can pierce the reluctant wonder of the world, and make even monarchs tremble on their thrones.

Anecdote. Spinola. "Pray, of what did your brother die ?" said the Marquis Spinola, one day to Sir Horace Vere. "He died, sir," replied he," of having nothing to do." "Alas!

O flowers, (that will never in other climate grow,) sir," said Spinola, "that is enough to kill any

My early visitation, and my last

At ev'n, which I bred up, with tender hand,
From the first opening bud, and gave ye names;
Who, now, shall rear you to the sun, and rank
Your tribes, and water from the ambrosial fount?
Thee, (lastly,) nuptial bower, by me adorned
With what to sight, or smell, was sweet, from THEE
How shall I part, and whither wander-down
Into a lower world, to this-obscure

And wild? How shall we breathe in other air,
Less pure, accustomed to immortal fruits!

general of us all." Mostesquieu says, "We, in general, place idleness among the beatitudes of heaven; it should rather, I think, be put amid the tortures of hell. Austin calls it -the burying a man alive."

Female Education. How greatly is it to be regretted, that for the benefit of both sexes, women are not generally so educated, that their conversations might be still much more useful to us, as well as beneficial to themselves! If, instead of filling their heads 385. How mean,—how timid,-how ab- with trifles, or worse than trifles, they were ject, must that spirit be, which can sit down, early taught what might be really useful, -contented with mediocrity. As for myself they would not then be so continually in —all that is within me is on fire. I had ra- pursuit of silly, ridiculous, expensive, and ther be torn into a thousand pieces, than relax many times criminal amusement; neither my resolution, of reaching the sublimest would their conversation be so insipid and heights of virtue-and knowledge, of good-impertinent, as it too often is. On the conness-and truth, of LOVE-and WISDOM. trary, were their minds properly improved Nothing is so arduous, nothing so ADMIR- with knowledge, which it is certain they are ABLE, in human affairs, but may be attained exceedingly capable of, how much more by the industry of man. We are descended agreeable would they be to themselves, and from heaven; thither let us go, whence we how much more improving and delightful to derive our origin. Let nothing satisfy us, us? How truly charming does beauty aplower than the summit of all excellence. pear, when adorned by good nature, good Nominalists and Realists. The Nom-sense, and knowledge? And when beauty inalists —were a sect, the followers of Ros- fades, as soon it must, there will then be celinus and Abelard: according to these those qualities and accomplishments remainphilosophers, there are no existences in na-ing, which cannot fail to command great reture corresponding to general terms, and the gard, esteem, and affection. objects of our attention in all our general speculations, are not ideas, but words. The Realists were their opponents, and adhered to the principles of Aristotle.

Oft-may the spirits of the dead-descend
To watch-the silent slumbers of a friend;
To hover-round his evening walk-unseen,
And hold sweet converse-on the dusky green;
To hail the spot-where first their friendship grew,
And heaven-and nature-opened to their view.
Oft, when he trims his cheerful hearth, and sees
A smiling circle-emulous to please,
There may these gentle guests-delight to dwell,
And bless the scene-they loved in life so well.

VARIETIES.

But-shall we wear these glories for a day,
Or shall they last, and we rejoice in them?
While there is hope, do not distrust the gods,
But wait, at least, till Cesar's near approach,
Force us to yield. "Twill never be too late-
To sue for chains, and own a conqueror.

In faith, and hope, the world will disagree,
But all mankind's concern-is charity.
"Tis education-forms the common mind,
Just as the twig is bent, the tree's inclined.
The mind, that would be happy, must be great;
Great in its wishes, great in its surveys;
Extended views, a narrow mind extend.

386. As so much depends upon the proper Laconics. 1. The antidote, to the baneful inmovement of the voice, through the different fluence of flattery is, for every one to examine notes of the scale, and as our primary in- himself, and truly estimate his own qualities, and struction in reading is often diametrically op- character. 2. Let us make ourselves steadfast in posed to what is natural, it is deemed neces- what is certainly true, and we shall be able to sary to be more explicit in directions, as well answer objections, or reject them as unworthy of an as in examples. Imitate, with the voice, acanswer. 3. Argument-cannot disprove fact; no companied by corresponding motions of the two opposing facts can be produced; all objechand, the gentle undulations of the waters,ucation—includes all the influences, that serve to tions to a fact must therefore be negative. 4. Edwhen the waves run moderately high; letting the movement of your voice resemble that of a small boat. Observe the various movements of different kinds of birds through the air, some bobbing up and down, others moving more gracefully; some flapping their wings, others sailing, soaring: but the movements of the voice are infinitely more various than all other external motions; for it contains them all.

ted

Blessed-we sometimes are! and I am now
Happy in quiet feelings; for the tones-
Of a pleasant company of friends-
Were in my ear, just now, and gentler thoughts
From spirits, whose high character I know;
And I retain their influence, as the air-
Retains the softness-of departed day.

There is a spell-in every flower,
A sweetness-in each spray,
And every simple bird-has power-
To please us-with its lay.
And there is music-on the breeze,
That sports along the glade,
And crystal dew-drops-on the trees,
The gems-by fancy made.

O, there is joy-and happiness,
In every thing I see,

Which bids my soul rise up-and bless

The God, that blesses me.

unfold the faculties,—and determine the character; thus involving the mental, and physical. 5. To render good for evil, is God-like; to render good for good, is man-like; to render evil for evil, is beast-like; to render evil for good-is devil-like.

furnished us with desires, which have no corVarieties. Has a wise and good God-in our breasts, with no other view but to disrespondent objects, and raised expectations appoint them? Are we to be forever in search of happiness, without arriving at it, either in this world or in the next? Are we formed with a passionate longing for immortality, and yet destined to perish, after this short period of existence? Are we promptfires. ed to the noblest actions, and supported through life, under the severest hardships and most delicate temptations, by the hopes of a reward, which is visionary and chimerical,-by the expectation of praises, of which it is utterly impossible for us, ever to have the least knowledge or enjoyment?

Method. In speaking extempore, or in writing, METHOD, or the proper arrangement of the thoughts, is of the first importance; to attain which, you must fix, in your mind, the precise object you have in view, and never lose sight of it; then, determine the grand divisions; which should be natural, and distinct; not an unnecessary thought, or illustration-should be admitted: and even in the amplification of the subject, every part should have its proper place, and all -present a whole.

Anecdote. Mr. Summerfield. It is said, of the late Mr. Summerfield, that being asked by a bishop, where he was born, he replied, "I was born in England, and born again in Ireland." "What do you mean ?" inquired the bishop. "Art thou a master in Israel, and knowest not these things?" was the reply.

Effects of Knowledge. The more widely knowledge is spread, the more will they be prized, whose happy lot it is-to extend its bounds, by discovering new truths, to multiply its uses-by inventing new modes of applying it in practice. Real knowledge -never prompted either turbulence, or unbelief; but its progress is the forerunner of liberality and enlightened toleration. Whoso dreads these, let him tremble; for he may be well assured, that their day is at length come, and must put to sudden flight the evil spirits of tyranny and persecution, which haunted the long night, now gone down the sky.

VARIETIES.

Soft peace she brings wherever she arrives;
She builds our quiet, as she forms our lives;
Lays the rough path of peevish nature even,
And opens, in each breast, a little heaven
Man-is the rugged lofty pine,

That frowns o'er many a wave-beat shore:
Woman's the slender-graceful vine,
Whose curling tendrils-round it twine,

And deck its rough bark-sweetly o'er.
Teach me to soothe the helpless orphan's grief,
With lively aid-the widow's woes assuage;
To mis'ry's moving cries-to yield relief,
And be the sure resource of drooping age.
Our doubts-are traitors,
And make us lose the good-we oft might win,
By fearing to attempt.