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ADVERBS.

60. In the sentence "William arrived yesterday," the Verb is arrived, and yesterday shows when William arrived.

Exercise 57.

Pick out the words used with Verbs to show when.

The agent called again. We lived in the country then. Your father is sleeping now. Mr. Brown was formerly our neighbor. My sister will come presently. The children went to school immediately. The fire was extinguished afterwards. Day will break soon. The carriage has come already. The ship sailed yesterday. That friend was always faithful. The fireman was ever ready. The soldier never returned. I often saw him formerly, but he seldom comes now. Mr. Watts sometimes visits us; he is coming to-morrow.

61. In the sentence "The boy stood here," stood is the Verb, and here shows where the boy stood.

Exercise 58.

Pick out the words used with Verbs to show where.

My cousin lodged there. They looked everywhere for the little girl but found her nowhere. The horse is yonder. The policeman looked behind. The regiment marched forth. Go hence. We look before and after. The sailor went below. The old man walked hither. There he was safe. Duncan comes here to-night. Ye shall not go hence except your youngest brother come hither. We went to Old Point Comfort and thence to Hampton.

62. In the sentence "The river was running swiftly," was running is the Verb, and swiftly shows how the river was running.

Exercise 59.

Pick out the words used with Verbs to show how.

The dog barks loudly. The birds are flying rapidly. The soldier was badly wounded. The fire is burning brightly. Larks sing sweetly.

Fishes swim so. The boy held his hand thus. The child can write well. Rain fell heavily. The storm was raging furiously. Mary sings beautifully. The tired traveler slept soundly. The soldiers fought gallantly. Ill weeds grow apace [= quickly]. The girls sewed neatly. The doctor dressed the hurt carefully. Our uncle treated us kindly. We heard the noise distinctly. The wanderer was sadly thinking of home. Tom was industriously studying his lessons. The lecturer spoke earnestly. My brother was blamed unjustly. The horses had been shod skilfully.

63. Some few words are used with Verbs to show why; as, "He called there purposely," "I ask you why you said it.”

64. In the sentence "Your teacher was greatly pleased," was pleased is the Verb, and greatly shows how much the teacher was pleased.

65. In the sentence "I thrice presented him a kingly crown," presented is the Verb, and thrice shows how many times I presented.

Exercise 60.

Pick out the words used with Verbs to show how much or how many times.

This child was little hurt, that child was hurt much. The sick man has almost recovered. We can scarcely see in this twilight. The merchant was exceedingly annoyed. The boys enjoyed themselves thoroughly. The customer was less pleased with the cloth than with the silk; she was least pleased with the calico. The dress is quite finished and the hat is nearly finished. We seldom see him now. I once met him in High Street. Mr. Robinson has been to Constantinople twice. The corn increased thirty-fold. Our kindness was repaid fourfold. essayed [= tried] to speak.

Thrice he

66. Sometimes a word is used with a Verb to show how fully the speaker believes what the Verb tells; thus:

John will certainly come.

The speaker believes firmly.

John will not come.

John will perhaps come.

The speaker disbelieves.
The speaker is doubtful.

Exercise 61.

Pick out the words used with the Verbs to show how fully the speaker believes the statement.

Your father is certainly alive. She must surely know the truth. Her story was verily strange, but it is undoubtedly true. I say that I am unquestionably correct. Truly he knows. Truly he knows not. Thou shalt surely die. Probably your uncle can tell you. He certainly will not be able to tell me. The boy is undeniably clever.

67. A word which is used with a Verb to show when, where, how, how much, or how many times, is called an Adverb.'

68. A word which is used with a Verb to show how fully the speaker believes the statement is called an Adverb.

69. Adverbs which show how much or how many times, are used with Adjectives and with other Adverbs as well as with Verbs; indeed, some of them, as "very," are used only with Adjectives or Adverbs; thus:

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70. Adverbs showing when, where, how, or how certainly,

are also sometimes used with Adjectives; thus:

1 Latin ad, to. Ad-verb therefore equals to-verb. The relation between the Ad-verb and the Verb is much like that between the Ad-jective and the Noun.

Once strong, I am again weak.
After my fall I am sore everywhere.
Her face is sweetly calm.

I saw perhaps six men.

Exercise 62.

Pick out the Adverbs used

(a) With Adjectives.

(b) With other Adverbs.

a. Jane is a very clever girl. I felt sadly weary. Tom has an exceedingly large dog. He seemed fully attentive to his work. The friends went for a rather long walk. Jack is a thoroughly dull boy; his brother is far brighter. The sun was terribly hot. Nearly all dogs like the water. Lead is much heavier than cork. Too many cooks spoil the broth. Are you so glad? The man had very little sense. The corn is quite ripe. How beautiful it is! The fellow must be utterly bad. You are not sufficiently careful. The poor woman was hopelessly ill, and she was unspeakably glad to see her son. Tom is a most cheerful companion.

b. I know him very slightly. James left rather late. The child is much more happy now. I am too much pleased to be able to express my pleasure quite clearly. We felt very much obliged. How brightly the moon shines! You write too quickly; you should write much more slowly. The class should not sing so loudly. We have only just now heard the news. The boy is far too lazy to work, and much too conceited to take advice. You have waked me too soon.

71. Yes, yea, ay, no, and nay, though never used with expressed Verbs, Adjectives, or Adverbs, are generally called Adverbs.'

72. Some Adverbs are used to ask questions. These are called Interrogative Adverbs. Examples of Interrogative

Adverbs:

When will you return?
Where did you go?

How did you travel?

How sick is the child?

1 See "Notes for Teachers," p. 320, Note 9.

Why did he stay at home?
Wherein have I done wrong?

Wherewith shall it be salted?

73. Since Adverbs change or modify the meanings of the words or statements they are used with, we may make the following definition :

Learn

74. An Adverb is a word used to modify a Verb (or a Verbal 1), an Adjective, another Adverb, or a statement.

Exercise 63.

Pick out the Adverbs. Up rose old Barbara Frietchie then. We buried him darkly. Lightly they'll talk of the spirit that's gone. Slowly and sadly we laid him down. When Greek meets Greek then comes the tug of war. Grieve not, my child; chase all thy fears away. I will obey willingly and gladly. Let us go hence. The blade springs upward, and the root strikes downward. Little he'll reck [= care]. He will certainly come again. Hereafter you shall know more. The poor ye have with you always. Never despair. The workmen are paid weekly. The man is hopelessly stupid. The air is piercingly cold. Your father will never consent. They were imprisoned unjustly. Everywhere the lanes are bordered by trees. Where the bee sucks there suck I. The ball fell yonder. I never thought of it before. Your sister cannot be here yet. First he consented and then he would not consent. When you durst do it then you were a man. The weather was unusually cold. That advice is truly wise. He is probably disappointed. That answer is most foolish. I am now much better; I hope to be quite strong very soon. The mother was terribly unhappy. William is less friendly than Edward. The day was extremely fine. I was very much obliged to your father; how very kind he was. You may do that once too often.

Rain, rain, go away,

Come again another day.

Oh! mother dear, we very much fear

That we have lost our mittens.

1 We have already learned to include under this term Participles and Infinitives. (See par. 58.)

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