e. The spirit of your fathers All day long through Frederick street Bright the lamps shone o'er fair women and brave men. Meanwhile, without, the surly cannon waited. Under the walls of Monterey At daybreak the bugles began to play. From floor to ceiling Like a huge organ rise the burnished arms. Meanwhile, from street and lane, a noisy crowd INDIRECT OBJECT. 475. Many Transitive Verbs express an action which, besides the object acted on directly, concerns another person or thing that may be said to be acted on indirectly; as, "Alfred lent Fred a knife." Here the action of lending acts directly on the knife and indirectly on Fred. 476. The name of the person or thing acted on directly is called the Direct Object, and the name of the person or thing acted on indirectly is called the Indirect Object.' The farmer sent her a brace of a brace of part her 1 Those who are learning Latin will see that the Direct Object in English corresponds to the Direct or Nearer Object put in the Accusative Case, and the Indirect Object cor responds to the Indirect or Remoter Object put in the Dative Case; as, "Pater librum [Acc.] filio [Dat.] dat." 477. Each of these sentences can be written with a Preposition before the Indirect Object; thus The teacher promised him a prize. | The teacher promised a prize [to] Frank gave his sister an apple. The squire sent her a brace of partridges. him. Frank gave an apple [to] his sister. The squire sent a brace of partridges [to] her. It will thus be seen that the "Indirect Object" (with the Preposition which can be placed before it) is practically a Prepositional Phrase and an Adjunct of the Verb (therefore an Adverbial Element). In parsing, say that the Indirect Object is in the Objective Case governed by the understood Preposition; and in analyzing, call the Indirect Object and its Preposition an Adjunct of the Verb.' Exercise 197. 1. Pick out the Direct Objects. 2. Pick out the Indirect Objects and supply the Prepositions understood. His uncle left him a thousand dollars. The master lent his man a horse. My mother sent me a letter. The teacher gave his boys a lesson; he taught them French. They did so well that he promised them a holiday. The girl showed the doctor her crushed finger. The child offered the beggar a penny. I had bought myself a pair of boots. The servant will bring you some water. The child told us the truth. The gardener sold me some beautiful roses. That man owes his grocer seven dollars; he has just paid him one dollar. The gentleman offered us his carriage. I will show you how to parse. 478. As was said in par. 470, the Simple Predicate may be enlarged not only by Adverbial Adjuncts (to the Verb) but also by Adjuncts of the Object or of the Attribute. 1 See "Notes for Teachers," p. 323, Note 19. ENLARGED OBJECT. Read again pars. 156 and 466–469. 479. Whatever may be an enlargement or Adjunct of the Subject may also be an enlargement of the Object. Exercise 198. Pick out the Enlargements or Adjuncts of the Object and say what they are. We have sold the horse. I bought twenty sheep. The girl lost her gloves. Who found Thomas's top? The curfew tolls the knell of parting day. No glorious sun shall gild thy day. I wield the flail of the lashing hail. I bring fresh showers for thirsty flowers. I widen the rent in my wind-built tent. We met our cousin the architect. We admire Hereward the Wake. I climbed the dark brow of the mighty Helvellyn. We learn to paint pictures. I like reading interesting books. The midnight brought the signal-sound of strife. Have you a friend to swear by? Let us try climbing by this path. I wish no joking about the matter. ENLARGED ATTRIBUTE. 480. The Attribute, when a Noun, may be enlarged by whatever Adjective elements may be Adjuncts of the Subject or of the Object. When the Attribute is an Adjective, an Infinitive, a Gerund, or a Prepositional Phrase, it may be enlarged by Adverbial elements, of Time, Place, etc. (see par. 473), and the object of the Preposition may have Adjective Adjuncts. When the Attribute is an Infinitive or a Gerund it may be enlarged by an Object or an Attribute. Exercise 199. Say what the Attribute is in each sentence, and pick out and describe the Adjuncts. He is a man of great ability. We are sure to be pleased by the view. They are American citizens. They seem unusually pleasant neighbors. He is generally thought an industrious man, of some property. Mr. Williams is considered fairly good as a judge. The mushroom season is at hand. You appear like an invalid to-day. This fruit tastes very sweet. Are you already of age? Did he look ill at ease? His fault is to keep too quiet. The sick man is growing rapidly worse. All John cares for is playing those pranks. One of my greatest pleasures has been the reading of history. One of the woman's peculiarities is to appear so old and feeble. One of the arts of life is to grow old gracefully. A bad habit of yours is this looking disagreeable. You would be wise to overcome it. Let your aim be to seem pleasant. 481. The same Verb may have an Object in one sentence and an Attribute in another; thus a. Say whether the words printed in italics are Objects or Attributes. The man felt hurt. The man felt his head. The gardener grows apples. The gardener grows old. The preacher continued his sermon. The preacher continued popular. The host tasted the wine. The wine tasted sour. Tailors make clothes. It is sometimes said that clothes make the man. We called him. We called him a cheat. b. Say whether the words printed in italics are Attributes or Adjuncts of the Verb. The child looked tired. The child looked behind the door. warmly on the matter. We feel warm. The dog went mad. went madly down the street. The lady appeared faint. appears in the morning. Read again par. 307. We feel The dog The sun 482. Verbs that may be Copulative when in the Passive Voice (as "He is considered clever") are Transitive Verbs when in the Active Voice. In such sentences as We deem him honest, They crowned William king, the Infinitive to be should be supplied before the Attribute. Thus in the sentence We think him [to be] honest him alone is not the Object of think. We cannot think a person. The Object of think is the Infinitive Phrase "him to be honest." Exercise 201. In the following sentences supply "to be" where necessary and tell what is the Object of each Verb. Many people thought Arthur the rightful king. I do not think him clever. The jury found the prisoner guilty. Her beauty made me glad. Everybody deemed him an impostor. The tenants considered Mr. Sidney their landlord. His conduct made us angry. His wife believed him innocent. They proclaimed William emperor. COMPOUND ELEMENTS. Read again pars. 446-449. 483. When a Subject, a Verb, an Object, or an Attribute consists of two or more equal and similar parts connected by Coördinating Conjunctions, it is said to be Compound; as: Compound Subject, "Henry and I will go." 66 Compound Verb, "I rose and ran to meet him." 66 Compound Object, "I ate apples and pears." Compound Attribute, "The leaves are red and yellow.” 484. When the Verb is compound there is said to be a Compound Predicate. 485. A Simple Sentence is a sentence containing but one Subject and one Predicate. The Subject or the Predicate, or both, may be compound, and one or both may have Adjuncts consisting of word or phrase elements. |