Exercise 142. Pick out the Passive Copulative Verbs and say what is the Attribute in each case. This town is called Kingston. Harrison was elected President. Henry of Navarre was chosen their leader. Solomon was deemed the wisest of men. The baby has been named Maud. Louis was styled the father of his people. The general was made emperor. I understand the village is called Olney. MOODS. 308. Different forms of the Verb are used according to the way or mode or Mood in which a thought is conceived and a зtatement made. Thus (1) We may say (a) What we know; as, "Jack has a new hat." (b) What we think; as, "I believe that Jack has a new hat." (c) What we assume to be true; as, "If the moon is smaller than the planets she must be nearer to Or we may ask a question: as, "Has Jack a new hat ?" (2) We may command; as, "Have your books ready," or we may beg; as, "Have pity on me.” (3) We may speak of a thing not as a fact, but as (a) A thing of which we are in doubt; as, "If the soldier have leave he will visit his home." (b) A wish; as, "Oh that it were with me as in the days that are past." (c) A possible happening or result; as, "Give him some food, lest he perish." INDICATIVE MOOD. 309. The form of the Verb which is used in making a simple statement or in asking a question is called the Indicative Mood. Examples of the Indicative Mood. (1) Simple statement. Fred went to school. The master is teaching Greek. The girl is loved by all who know her. My brother has been living in Florence. The house was already sold. (2) Statement of something which is assumed to be true. If there is snow upon the ground you must wear thick boots. [We assume that there is snow upon the ground.] Though he is naughty his parents love him. [We assume that he is naughty.] If you saw me, what was I doing? (3) Question. Are you pleased with your new book? Has Henry found his ball? Had the children warm clothing? Were Annie and Edith early this morning? Have you been waiting for me long? Exercise 143. Pick out the Verbs in the Indicative Mood. (a) In Exercise 140, a. (b) In Exercise 31, b. (c) In the following: Croker had a very good opinion of himself. Once, when he was in the company of the Duke of Wellington, the talk turned upon the battle 1 From the Latin indicare (p.p. indicatus), to point out, indicate. The Indicative Mood is supposed to be that which points out or indicates. of Waterloo, and Croker actually contradicted several of the statements made by the Duke. Afterwards some one spoke about the copper caps which were used for firing muskets, and again Croker put the Duke right. This upset the patience of the great soldier, and he exclaimed, "Perhaps I know little about Waterloo, but I certainly know something about copper caps." An ignorant countryman visited Paris. One day after he had returned he was talking to some of his friends about the wonders which he had seen. "I was most surprised," he said, "with the cleverness of the children. Boys and girls of seven or eight spoke French quite as well as the children in this part of the world speak English." IMPERATIVE MOOD. 310. The form of the Verb which is used in commanding or entreating is called the Imperative' Mood. Examples of the Imperative Mood. (1) Commanding. Come to me, O ye children. Stand at ease. Unhand me, gentlemen. (2) Entreating. Have mercy upon us. Grant us thy aid. Help me over this difficulty, please. 311. The Imperative Mood is of course used almost always in addressing some person or persons. But occasionally it is used with a Plural Subject of the First Person or with a Singular or a Plural Subject of the Third Person; as: "Break we our watch up."-Shakspere. "Come one, come all." Usually let is employed to express the Imperative with the First or the Third Person; as, ""Let everyone shout at once." "Let us go," 1 From the Latin imperare (p.p. imperatus), to command. Pick out the Verbs Exercise 144. (a) In the Indicative Mood. (b) In the Imperative Mood. Come live with me and be my love. Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. Look, in this place ran Cassius' dagger through. Judge, O ye gods, how dearly Cæsar loved him. Good Cromwell, Neglect him not; make use now and provide For thine own future safety. Love thyself last; cherish those hearts that hate thee Be just and fear not. Wake from thy nest, Robin Red-breast, Sing, birds, in every furrow. Break his bands of sleep asunder And rouse him. Grieve not, my child; chase all thy fears away. But see! look up! on Flodden bent, The Scottish foe has fired his tent. The Assyrian came down like the wolf on the fold, Look up at the brooding clouds on high, Look up at the awful sun! And behold, the sea-flood Is all red with blood: Hush!--a battle is lost-and won. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 312. The form of the Verb which is used when we are speaking, not of something viewed as a fact, but of something which is only thought of, is called the Subjunctive' Mood. 1 From the Latin sub, under, and jungere (p.p. junctus), to join. The name should not be understood to imply that Verbs in the Subjunctive Mood must be in subjoined statements, or that Verbs in such statements are always in the Subjunctive Mood. Examples of the Subjunctive Mood. (1) If Tom return in time he shall go to the party. Here return is in the Subjunctive Mood, because Tom's returning is thought of, not as a fact, but as a condition1of his going to the party. (2) I wish father were here. Here were is in the Subjunctive Mood, because we speak of father's being here, not as a fact (for he is not here), but as a wish. (3) Give them food lest they perish with hunger. Here we speak of their perishing, not as a fact, but as something we purpose shall not happen. 313. The Subjunctive Mood, being the Mood of doubt,' naturally comes after such Conjunctions as if, though, unless, except, lest, whether, and that. It does not follow, however, that the Verb coming after these words is certain to be in the Subjunctive Mood; it may be in the Indicative Mood. Subjunctive Mood.-If my brother were at the door I would not open it. Indicative Mood.-If my brother is at the door I will open it. In the first sentence my brother's being at the door is a matter of doubt, or is even believed to be contrary to the fact; in the second it is assumed that he is there. Subjunctive Mood.-Though the vase were made of steel, the careless servant would break it. Indicative Mood.-Though the vase was made of steel, the careless servant broke it. In the first sentence we speak of a vase that might be, in the second we speak of one that was, made of steel. Subjunctive Mood.-Whether the prisoner be innocent is uncertain. Indicative Mood.-Whether the prisoner is innocent or guilty he deserves pity. 1 That is, if he does not return he cannot go to the party. 2 The doubt must be expressed by the Verb, not by any other word in the sentence. Compare If he be coming. [Subjunctive] and ... Perhaps he is coming [Indicative]. |