W. C. Dodge, who began teaching in the State in 1854, has taught for many years in Alameda County.

M. L. Templeton was Principal of the Sacramento High School, and afterwards of the Woodland Grammar School, in both of which he was eminently successful.

B. J. Watson was for many years a prominent teacher in Nevada County, where he became County Superintendent.

Alfred Thurber founded the Pacheco School, and has been for six years County Superintendent of Contra Costa.

Sparrow Smith was for many years a teacher in Sacramento County, and also County Superintendent.

George K. Godfrey was a pioneer in the northern counties of the State. He has served twelve years as County Superintendent in Shasta and Siskiyou Counties.

C. W. Childs was for several years a teacher in El Dorado County; he is now Principal of the Suisun School, and County Superintendent of Solano County.

H. T. Batchelder has been a leading teacher in Butte County for many years, and also a County Superintendent.

John Bagnall was for many years a teacher in various of the central counties, and was one term County Superintendent of Alpine County. He has been for several years in San Francisco, noted for his success as a teacher in the evening school. Under disabilities, which would have discouraged most men, he has done vastly more in education than hundreds of other teachers who walk without crutches.

Azro L. Mann taught for several years at Marysville, but has gained his reputation chiefly by his success as head of the classical department of the San Francisco Boys' High School.

Mrs. Maria McGilvray, twenty-two years a teacher in various parts of the State, is still a vigorous and capable worker.

Mrs. J. H. Nevins has been twenty-three years a teacher in the State, thirteen of which have been in San Francisco.

James Stratton began teaching in the State in 1853; was several years Principal of the Washington School, San Francisco, and is now Principal of a Grammar School, in Oakland.

Miss Mary A. Hoyt taught the first Grammar School in

Los Angeles, where she was for many years a successful educator.

Percival C. Millette, a pioneer, was County Superintendent of Placer County in 1857, and has taught ever since in numberless county schools:

X. STATE EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY.

In his circular calling the State Teachers' Institute of 1863, Superintendent Swett thus alluded to the importance of a State Society:

Educational conventions, in every part of our country, express a general desire for a distinct and definite recognition of the occupation of teaching by forms equivalent to those now existing in law, medicine, and theology. It is true, there are many who make teaching a temporary occupation, a stepping-stone to other pursuits, and there is no objection to this when they are duly qualified for the noblest of human duties; but there is a large class, becoming larger every year, who desire to make it the occupation of a life-an occupation which calls for a range of acquirements and a height of qualifications fully equal to that of the liberal professions.

Why should not the pioneer teachers of this State, in the next Institute, take similar measures of self-organization, self-recognition, and self-examination, and raise themselves above the humiliating necessity of submitting to an examination by members of other professions, or of no professions at all? A State Educational Society could be organized by those who shall pass the next examination by the State Board, those who hold diplomas of graduation from normal schools, and the Professors in the various colleges and collegiate schools of the State. This society could become legally incorporated at the next session of the Legislature, and other members could be admitted from time to time, by passing a regular examination, and receiving diplomas. Such certificates would soon be gladly recognized by unprofessional examiners-many of whom, though men of education, feel that they are not duly qualified to sit in judgment on the competency of teachers for their peculiar work -as the best possible assurance of fitness to teach. And teachers may rest assured that legislative enactments would soon follow, making such diplomas prima facie evidence of ability to teach in any part of the State, without further examination.

Some such steps we are called upon to take by the large number of accomplished men and women who are entering on our vocation. We are called upon to act, not only in justice to scholarship and talent, but in self-defense against impostors and pretenders; and we

may honestly avow a desire to exclude all who unworthily or unfitly intrude themselves into the noble office of teaching.

A State Society would unite the teachers of our State in the bonds of fraternal sympathy; a certificate of membership would entitle the holder to the aid of members in all parts of the State; it would be a passport of employment when he should change his residence; it would entitle him to the substantial benefits of an honorable reception among all teachers; and a small annual membership fee would soon constitute a fund for the establishment of a teacher's journal, as the organ of the society.

The subject of a State professional society being brought before the Institute, the plan was advocated by John E. Benton, Theodore Bradley, and others.

A committee was appointed with Mr. Bradley, Chairman, who made a report, and requested all interested in forming such a society to meet after the final adjournment of the Institute.

A State Educational Society was soon afterwards formed on the plan recommended, with the following constitution:

PREAMBLE.

We, as teachers of California, in order to further the educational interests of the State, to give efficiency to our school system, to furnish a practical basis for united action among those devoted to the cause in which we are engaged, and for those purposes to elevate the office of teacher to its true rank among the professions, do hereby adopt the following

CONSTITUTION.

NAME.

SECTION 1. This organization shall be known as the "California Educational Society.'

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SEC. 2. All holders of State Life Diplomas, or State Educational Diplomas, shall be eligible to membership on the recommendation of the Executive Committee, and the payment, in advance, of an admission fee of five dollars.

SEC. 3. Any member may be expelled for unprofessional conduct by a two-thirds vote of members present at any regular meeting; provided, that a copy of the charges be deposited with the Recording Secretary at least four weeks before the meeting at which the charges are acted upon, and immediate notice thereof be given to the accused.

The society assumed the publication of the California Teacher, and elected annually a Board of Editors, until 1873, when the control of the journal passed into the hands of the State Superintendent.

LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE STATE EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY.

[NOTE.—The names of deceased members are marked *; of those retired from the profession t.]

XI. STATE SERIES OF TEXT-BOOKS.

In 1864, the State Board of Education, consisting of Governor Stanford, Surveyor-General Houghton, and State Superintendent Swett, met and adopted a State series of text-books, taking the series recommended by vote of the State Teachers' Institute that met in San Francisco, May 7-10, 1863.

BOOKS ADOPTED.

Eaton's Series of Arithmetics;
Cornell's Primary Geography;
Warren's Intermediate Geography;
Greene's Introductory Grammar;

Quackenbos's English Grammar;
Willson's Series of Readers;
Willson's Speller;

Quackenbos's History of the U. S.

In 1866, the Board, reorganized under the Revised School Law, Governor Low, Chairman, met and readopted, for a term of four years, the list of 1864, with the exception of the geographies and Quackenbos's Grammars, which were indefinitely continued, but not readopted for four years. Clarke's Geography was also added to the list of geographies, and the Spencerian and Payson, Dunton & Scribner's Penmanship were continued in use.

In 1869, the Board, Governor Haight, Chairman, Superintendent Fitzgerald, Secretary, adopted Monteith's Series of Geographies, in place of Cornell's, Warren's and Clarke's, and Brown's Grammars, in place of Greene's and Quackenbos's-the change to take effect July, 1870.

In 1870, July 12-13, the State Board met, and, under the reenacted California School Law, adopted the following

STATE SERIES.

McGuffey's Series of Readers;

Robinson's Series of Arithmetics;

Monteith's Series of Geographies;

Brown's Series of Grammars;

Willson's Spellers;
Cutter's Physiologies;

Payson and Dunton's Penmanship.

A year later, the Board added to this list Swinton's Condensed History of the United States, and Swinton's Word Analysis.

In 1874, June 22d, in compliance with a new section of the School Law, the Board passed a resolution inviting publishers