greed what kind of exercise they should contend in, and what should be the victor's reward.

die without being conquered;" and at the fame time he plucked he javelin from this wound, and expired, A. A. C. 363. EPANALEPSIS. EPANODOS

Figures in Rhetoric.

See ORATORY.

EPANORTHOSIS. EPARER, in the manege, the flinging of a horfe, or his yerking and ftriking with his bind Jegs.

EPAULETTES, a kind of fhoulder-knots. Thofe for the foldiers are of the colour of the facing, with a narrow yellow or white tape round it, and worfted fringe; thofe for the officers are made of gold or filver lace, with a rich fringe; they are badges of diftinction worn on one or both houiders. Those of the dragoon guards, horse, and dragoons are worn on the left thoulder: the light dragoons, aud officers of grenadiers, have one on each fhoulder; those of the battalion wear one on the right shoulder only, made of embroidery or lace with a gold or filver fringe. Thofe of the royal regiment of artillery are of gold and embroidery, with gold fringe on fcarlet cloth, and worn on the right shoulder.

* EPAULMENT. n. f. [French, from epaule, a fhoulder.] In fortification, a fidework made either of earth thrown up, of bags of earth, gabions, or of fafcines and earth. It fometimes denotes a fe mihaftion, and a fquare orillion, or mafs of earth faced and lined with a wall defigned to cover the Cannon of a cazemate Hris.

EPENTHESIS. ». 4 [tanding.] [In gram mar.] The addition o vowel or confonant in the middle of a word, Harris.

EPERIES, a town of Hungary, in the county of Saros, famous for filt mines, 20 miles N. of Callovia. Lon. 21. 13. E. Lat. 49. 8. N.

EPERLIQUE, a town of France, in the dept. of the Straits of Csiais; 6 miles NW. of St Omer. EPERNAY, an ancient and hand fome town of France, in the dept. of Marne, and ci-devant pro vince of Champagne; famous for its wines and cloth manufacture. It was taken by Henry IV. in 1592, when M. Biron was killed clofe beide him. It is 17 miles NW. of Chalons fur Marne. Lon. 4. c. E. Lat. 49. 5. N.

EPERNON, a town of France, in the dept. of Eure and Loire, 12 miles NE. of Chartres,

EPETIUM, an ancient town of Dalmatia, on the Adriatic, where ṢTOBAEZ, in Maritime Aufu, is now feated.

EPEUS, a defcendant of Endymion, the inventor of the battering ram, an engine of great fervice in ficges to make a breach. He is faid to have built the Trojan horfe, and founded the city Metapontum.

(1.) * EPHA. 7. f. [Hebrew.] A meafore among the Jews containing 15 folid inches.-The epha and the bath fhall be of one meafure; that the bath may contain the tenth part or an homeṛ, and the epha the tenth part of an homer. Ezekiel.

(2.) An EPHA, or } [8] as a measure for things (z.) EPHAH, dry, was equal to 3 pecks, 3 pints. 12 and 4 tenths inches. As a liquid meafure, it was equal to 4 gall. 2 pints, and 15 inches, EPHERÆUM, in antiquity, the place where the ephebi or youth exercised; or, as fome fay, where thofe who defigned to exercise met, and a

EPHEBI, among the ancient Athenians, a defignation given to their young men when they arrived at 18 years of age, a which time they had their names entered in a public register.

EPHEDRA, in botany, a genus of the mona delphia order, belonging to the diccia clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 51ft order, Conifere. The male calyx is bifid; there is no corolla, but 7 ftamina; 4 antheræ inferior; 3 fuperior. The female calyx is bipartite, and five-fold, one upon another; there is no corolla; there are two piftils, and two feeds covered by the calyx, resembling a berry.

*

(1.) EPHEMERA. n. f. [iynuren.] 1. A fever that terminates in one day. 2. An intect that lives only one day.

(2.) EPHEMERA, (§ 1. def 1.) In this fever, fuch a heat as attends an excefs of wine, a pulle fomewhat full and quick, but soft and regular, a flight headach, a naufea and reftleffuefs, are all the symptoms, and which terminate without any fenfible evacuation. If it continue unto the 3d day. It is not a diary fever; and if the conftitution is very dry, an hectic is to be dreaded.

(3) EPHEMERA, the DAY FLY, (§ 1. def. 2,) in entomology, a genus belonging to the order of neuroptera. It has no teeth or palpe; there are two large protuberances above the eyes; the wings are erect, the two hind ones being largeft; and the tail is briftly. See Plate 137, fig. 23 and 24. These flies, which take their name from the shortrefs of their life, are diftinguished into feveral fpecies. Some live feveral days, others do not take flight till the fetting of the fun, and live not to fee the rifing of that luminary. Some exift but one hour, others but half that time: in which short period they comply with the call of nature. With refpect to thofe which live feveral days, there is a peculiarity obferved, incident to them alone. They have to caft off one flough more, an operation which fometimes takes 24 hours to complete. To bring this about, they ciing faft to a tree. The ephemera, before they flutter in air, have in fome respect been fishes. They remain in the fates of larva and chryfilis for one, two, or three years. The chryfalis only differs from the larva by having cafes for wings on its back. Both have on their fides fmall fringes of hair, which, when put into motion, ferve them as fins. Nothing can be more curious than the plying of thofe little oars in the water. Their abdomen is terminated, as well as in their ftate of flies, by three threads. Thefe larvæ fcoop out dwellings in the banks of rivers; fmall tubes made like fiphons, the one ferving for an entrance, the other affording them an outlet. The banks of fome rivers are often perforated with them. When the waters decrease, they dig fresh holes lower down, to enjoy their element the water. The feafon and hour, when the chryfalids of the different ipecies of the ephemera turn into flies, maintain a kind of regularity. The

eat, the rife or fall of the waters, accelerate, however, or pofpone their final display. The ephemera of the Rhine appear in the air two hours before funfet. Thele flies are batched, almost all at the sarpe infant, in fuch numbers as

to darken the air. The moft early of thofe on the Marne and Seine in France, do not begin to fly till two hours after funfet, in the middle of Auguft. They are feen fluttering and fporting on the brink of their tomb. The glare of light attracts them round which they perform a thousand circles with amazing regularity. Their coming together for the purpose of generation can only be furmifed, the thortnefs of their life requiring that all their functions fhould be proportionable to its duration. Some naturalifts suppose, that the males impregnate the eggs after the manner of fishes. The females, by the help of the threads of their tails, and the flapping of their wings, fupport themfelves on the furface of the water, and in that almost upright fituation drop their eggs in clufters. One fingle female will lay 700 or 800 eggs, which fink to the bottom. The larvae that efcape from the fishes, fet about the conftruction of habitations to fhelter themfelves from every kind of danger. When the flies have propagated, they die and fall by heaps. The land and water are strewed with them to a confiderable thickness. The fishermen confider thefe multitudes of infects as manna for the fithes.

EPHEMERAL. Į adj. [sonmigros.] Diurnal; * EPHEMERICK. ) beginning and ending in a day. This was no more than a mere bubble or blast, and like an ephemeral fit of applause. Wotton. (1.) * EPHEMERIS n.. [ness.] 1. A jour. nal; an account of daily tranfactions. 2. An account of the daily motions and fituations of the planets.

When cafting up his eyes against the light, Both month, and day, and hour, he measur'd right;

And told more truly than th' ephemeris ;

trologers, and genethiacal ephemerists, that pry into the horofcope of nativities. Hovel.

For art may err, but nature cannot mifs. Dryd. (2.) EPHEMERIs, in aftronomy, (§ 1. def. 2.) is a table calculated to show the state of the heavens for every day at noon; or the places wherein all the planets are found at that time. From these tables the eclipfes, conjunctions, and afpects of the planets, are determiued; horofcopes or celeftial schemes conftructed, &c. Origan, Kepler, Argo, Heckerus, Mezzarachis, Wing, De la Hire, Parker, &c. have published ephemerides. S. Caffini has calculated ephemerides of the fidera medicæa, or fatellites of Jupiter, which are of good ufe in determining the longitude. In England, the Nautical Almanac, or Aftronomical Ephemeris, published annually by anticipation, under the direction of the commiffioners of longitude, is the moft confiderable. In France, celeftial ephemerides were publifhed by M. Defplaces every ten years, from 1715, to 1745; they were afterwards continued by the Abbé Caille, with many additions; of which an account may be feen in the Hiftory of the Academy of Sciences, for 1743. That Academy have likewife published annually, from the beginning of the prefent century, a kind of ephemeris, under the title of Connoiffance des

Tems.

* EPHEMERIST. n. f. (from ephemeris One who confults the planets; one who ftudies or practifes aftrology. The night before, he was difcourfing of and flighting the art of foolish af

* EPHEMERON-WORM. n.. [from spurgov and avorm. A fort of worm that lives but a day.→ Swammerdam obferves of the ephemeron-worms, that their food is clay, and that they make their cells of the fame. Denham.

EPHESIA, a feftival held at Ephefus in honour of Diana.

EPHESIANS, the people of Ephefus. See EPHESUS, 2. However much they were addicted to idolatry, Paul preached the gofpel very fuccefsfully among them; (Acts xix.) from which he afterwards took occasion to address a fublime epiftle to them.

EPHESTIA, in antiquity, a festival in honour of Vulcan, wherein 3 young men run for a prize. EPHESTRIA. feasts celebrated at Thebes in honour of Tirefias.

(1.) EPHESUS, an ancient city of Ionia, much celebrated on account of its temple of Diana, and for being the most famous mart of Alia Minor, as well as the metropolis of all Alia. Stephanus gives it the title of Epiphaneflate, or moft illustrious; and Pliny ftyles it the or lament of Afia. The atcient city flood about 50 miles S. of Smyrna, near the mouth of the river Cayfter, and the fhore of the Icarian fea, which is a bay of the grean; but as it has been so often destroyed and rebuilt, it is no eafy matter to determine the precife place. Moft of our modern travellers are of opinion, that the ancient city ftood more to the S. than the prefent; which they argue from the ruins that fill remain. Ephefus was anciently known by the different names of Alopes, Ortygia, Morges, Smyrna, Trachea, Samornion, and Ptela. It was called Epheus, according to Heraclides, from Ensor, permiffion; because Hercules (fays he permitted the Amazons to live and build a city in that place. Others tell us that Ephetus was the name of the Amazon that founded that city; for Pliny, Juftin, and Orofius, unanimoufly athrm that it was built by an Amazon; while others beftow this honour upon Androclus, the fon of Codrus, king of Athens, who was the chief of the Ionians that fettled in Afia. But in matters of fo early a date, it is impoffible to come at the truth. What we know for certain is, that the city, which in the Roman times was the metropolis of all Afia, acknowledged Lyfimachus for its founder; for that prince, having caufed the ancient city to be entirely demolished, rebuilt, at a vast expense, a new one, in a place more convenient, and nearer the temple. Strabo tells us, that, as the inhabitants fhowed a great reluctance to quit their ancient habitations, Lyfimachus caufed all the drains that conveyed the water into the neighbouring fens and the Cayfter to be privately flopped up; whereby the city being on the first violent rains in great part laid under water, and many of the inhabitants drowned, they were glad to abandon the ancient and retire to the new city. This new Ephefus was greatly damaged by an earthquake in the reign of Tiberius, but by that emperor repaired and adorned with feveral ftately buildings, of which there are now but few ruins to be seen, and fearce any thing worthy of ancient Ephefus

The

The aqueduct, part of which is ftill ftanding, is generally believed to have been the work of the Greck emperors; the pillars which fupport the arches are of fine marble, and higher or lower as the level of the water required. This aqueduct ferved to convey water into the city from the spring of Halitee, mentioned by Paufanias. The gate, now called by the inhabitants, the Gate of Perfecution, is remarkable for three bas-reliefs on the mould of an exquisite tafte. The port, of which fo many medals have been ftruck, is at prefent not much frequented. The CAYSTER was formerly navigable, and afforded a safe place for fhips to ride in, but is now almoft choked up with fand. Ephefus is now called Ajafalour, and ftill exhibits many relics of its ancient grandeur. It is feated near a gulph of the fame name, and, according to fome modern travellers, has ftill a good harbour, 40 miles S. of Smyrna. Lon. 27. 33. E. Lon. 37. 48. N.

(2.) EPHESUS, HISTORY OF. The Ionians first fettied at Ephefus under the conduct of ANDROCLUS, who drove out the Carians and Leleges, by whom thofe places were poflefled at his arrival. The city, whether built by him, or by one Croefus or Ephefus, long before the Ionic migration, as others maintain, became foon the metropolis of Ionia. It was at firft governed by Androclus, and his defcendants, who aflumed the royal title, and exercised the regal authority over the new colony: whence, even in Strabo's time, the pofterity of Androclus were styled kings, and allowed to wear a fcarlet robe, with a fceptre, and all the enfigns of royalty. In procefs of time, a new form of government was introduced, and a fenate eftablished, which continued till the ufurpation of Pythagorus, who lived before Cyrus the Great, and was one of the most cruel and inhuman tyrants we read of in hiftory. Having driven cut the fenate, and taken all the power into his own hands, be filled the city with blood and rapine, not fparing even thofe that fled to the temple of Diana for helter. Pythagoras was tucceeded by Pindarus, who bore the fame fway in the city; but treated the citizens with more humanity. In his time Ephefus being belieged by Crolus king of Lydia, he advifed the inhabitants to devote their city to Diana, and faften the wall, by a rope, to the pillars of her temple. They followed bis advice, and were, from reverence to the goddess, not only treated with great kindness by Crafus, but reftored to their former liberty. Pindarus being obliged to refign his power, retired to Peloponnefus. He was, according to Eliar, grandfon to Alyattes king of Lydia, and Creefus's nephew. The other tyrants of Ephefus mentioned in itory are, Athenagoras, Comas, Ariftarchus, ard Hegefias; of whom the laft was expelled by Alex inder, who, coming to Ephefus, atter having defeated the Perfians on the banks of the Granicus, bestowed upon Diana all the tributes which the Ephefians had paid to the Perfians, and established a democracy in the city. In the war between Mithridates and the Romans, they fided with the former, and, by his directions, mafacred all the Romans that refided in their city; for which bubarity they were feverely fined, and reAuced almoft to beggary by Sylla; but afterwards

treated with lenity, and suffered to live according to their own laws, as is plain from feveral ancient infcriptions and medals. The Ephefians were much addicted to superslition, forcery, and curipys arts, as the scripture ftyles them; whence came the proverb Ephefion letters, fignifying all forts of spells or charms. In the time of the apostle Paul, Ephesus retained a great deal of its ancient grandeur. But it was a ruinous place, when the emperor Juftinian filled Conftantinon'e with its ftatues, and raised his church St Sophia upon its columns. It has fince been aimoft quite exhaufted. Towards the end of the 11th century, a Turkish pirate, named Tangripermes, settied there. But the Greek admiral, John Ducas, defeated him in a bloody battle, and pursued the flying Turks up the Meander. In 1306, it was among the places which fuffered from the exactions of the grand duke Roger; and two years after, it furrendered to fuitan Sayfan, who, to prevent future infurrections, removed not of the inhabitants to Tyriæum, where they were maffacred. Ephefus appears to have fubfifted as an inconfiderable place for fome time. But now, the Ephefians are only a few Greek peafints, living in extreme wretchedness, dependence, and infenfibility, the fuccettors of an iliufirious people, inhabiting the wreck of their greatnefs; fome living in the fubftructions of the glorious edifices which they raised; some, beneath the vaults of the Stadium, once the crowded scene of their diverfions; and fome, by the abrupt precipice, in the fepul chres which received their ashes.

(3.) EPHESUS, TEMPLES OF DIANA AT. The chief ornament of Ephefus was the temple of DIANA, built at the common charge of all the ftates in Afia, and for its ftructure, fize, and furniture, accounted among the wonders of the world. This great edifice was fituated at the foot of a mountain, and at the head of a marsh; which place they chofe, if we believe Pliny, as the leaft fubject to earthquakes. This fite doubled the charges; for they were obliged to be at a vast expenfe in making drains to convey the water that came down the hill into the morals and the Cayfter. Philo Byzantius tells us, that in this work they ufed fuch a quantity of ftone, as almost exhausted all the quarries in the country; and thefe drains or vaults are what the prefent inhabitants take for a labyrinth. To cure the foundations of the conduits or fewers, which were to bear a building of fuch a prodigious weight, they laid beds of charcoal, fays Pliny, well rammed, and upon them others of wood: Pliny fays 4co years were spent in building this wonderful temple by all Afia: Others fay only 220. It was 425 feet in length, and 200 in breadth, supported by 127 marble pillars, 70 feet high, of which 27 were moft curiously carved, and the reft polished. Thefe pillars were the works of fo many kings, and the bas-reliefs of one were done by Scopas, the most famous feulptor of antiquity; the altar was almost wholly the work of Praxiteles. Cheiromccrates, who built the city of Alexandria, and of fered to form Mount Athos into a ftatue of Alexander, was the architect employed on this occa fion. The temple enjoyed the privilege of an afy lum, which at first extended to a furlong, was af

terwards

god should build a temple to another." The pil lars and other materials, that had been faved out of the flames, were fold, with the jewels of the Ephefian women, who on that occafion willingly parted with them; and the fum raifed from thence ferved for the carrying on of the work till other contributions came in, which, in a thort time amounted to an immenfe treasure. This is the temple which Strabo, Pliny, and other Roman writers fpeak of. It food between the city and th port, and was built, or rather finifhed, as Livy tells us, in the reign of king Servius. Of this wonderful ftructure there is nothing at prefent remaining but fome ruins, and a few broken pillars; 40 feet long and 7 in diameter.

EPHETÆ, [from f, I fend forth,] in antiquity, magiftrates among the Athenians, inftituted by king Demophoon, to take cognizance of murder and man-Caughter, and chance-medley: Their original number was 100, whereof 50 were Athenians, and 50 Argians; but Draco new-modelled the court, excluded the Argians out of it, and made it to confift of 51 Athenians. See ATTICA, 5, 6. Ubbo Emmius, de Rep. Athen. fays, he transferred to them part of the jurifdiction of the Areopagites. See AREOPAGUS, § 4-7.

EPHIALTES, the NIGHT-MARE. See MEDICINE, Index.

terwards enlarged by Mithridates to a bow-fhot, and doubled by Marc Antony, fo that it took in part of the city: but Tiberius, to put a ftop to the many abufes and disorders that attend privi. leges of this kind, revoked them all, and declared that no man guilty of any wicked or dishoneft action should ef rape juftice, though he fled to the altar itself. The priests who officiated in this temple were held in great efteem, and trufted with the care of facred virgins, or priefteffes, but not till they were made eunuchs. They were called ESTIATORES and ESSENÆ, had a particuIr diet, and were not allowed to go into any private houfe. They were maintained out of the profits accruing from the lake Selinufius and another that fell into it, which must have been very confiderable, fince they erected a golden ftatue to one Artemidorus, who being fent to Rome, recovered them after they had been feized by the farmers of the public revenues. All the Ionians reforted yearly to Ephefus, with their wives and children, where they folemnized the feftival of Diana with great pomp and magnificence, making on that occafion rich offerings to the goddefs, and valuable prefents to her priefts. The ASIARCHE, mentioned by St Luke, (Anapa, Acts xix. 31,) were, according to Beza, priests who regulated the public fports annually performed at Ephetus in honour of Diana; and were maintained with the collections made during the fports; for all Afia flocked to fee them. The great Diana of the Ephefians, as the was ftyled by her blind adorers, was, according to Pliny, a fmall ftatue of ebony, made by one Canitia, though believed by the fuperftitious to have been fent down from heaven by Jupiter. This flatue was first placed in a nich, which, as we are told, the Amazons caufed to be made in the trunk of an elm. Such was the first rife of the veneration that was paid to Diana in this place. In procefs of time the veneration for the goddefs daily increafing among the inhabitants of Afia, a moft stately and magnificent temple was built near the place where the elm stood, and the ftatue of the goddefs placed in it. This was the first temple; but not quite fo fumptuous as the 2d, though reckoned, as well as it, one of the wonders of the world. The ad (above defcribed,) was remaining in Pliny's time, and in Strabo's; and is fuppofed to have been deftroyed in the reign of Conftantine, purfuant to the edict of that emperor commanding all the temples of the heathens to be demolished: the former was burnt the fame day that Alexander was born, by one EROSTRATUS, who owned on the rack, that the only thing which had prompted him to deftroy fo excellent a work, was the defire of transmitting his name to future ages. Whereupon the common council of Afia made a decree, forbidding any one to name him; but this prohibition ferved only to make his name more memorable, fuch a remarkable extravagance, or rather madness, being taken notice of by all the hiftorians who have written of thofe times. Alexander offered to rebuild the temple at his own expenfe, provided the Ephefians would agree to put his name on the front; but they received his offer in fuch a manner as prevented the refentment of that vain prince, telling him, that "it was not fit one

(1.) * EPHOD. n. ƒ. [TX] A fort of ornament worn by the Hebrew priefts. That worn by the high priest was richly compofed of gold, blue, purple, crimfon, and twined Imen; and upon the part which came over his two fhoulders, were two large precious ftones, upon which were engraven the names of the 12 tribes of Ifrael, upon each ftone fix names. Where the ephod croffed the high prieft's breaft was a fquare ornament, called the breaft-plate; in which 12 precious ftones were fet, with the names of the 12 tribes of Ifrael engraved on them, one on each stone. The ephods worn by the other priefts were of plain linen. Calmet.-He made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and feariet, and fine twined linen. Exod. xxxix. 2.

(2.) EPHOD, according to a late learned critic, fignifies redemption; but, whatever be in this, the ephod was evidently the principal article of those figurative garments of falvation, for the forming of which, to array the high prieft, Mofes was very particularly inftructed by God. Compaffed about with the ephod, the high-prieft not only bore the names of the twelve tribes of Ifrael upon his fhoulders, as above noticed, but also in the breastplate upon his heart, with Urim and Thummim ia the midst of them; for they were here reprefented, not according to the generally received idea of the order of the twelve ftones, which we have followed in the defcription of the BREAST-PLATE, but arranged in the fame four fquare order in which the twelve tribes encamped round the pillar of cloud, from which the divine presence fhined forth their leader, protector, faviour, and judge. Hence the breaft-plate was called the breast plate of judgment, because from the Urim and Thummim, which reprefented the divine prefence, in its centre, judgments and anfwers were given, as from the glory upon the mercy-feat; and that when no

communication could be had with the latter, as

the

the priest could only draw near to it once a-year. Many paffages of the Old Teftament hiftory demonftrate the importance of the ephod in this point of view. See particularly 1 Sam. xxiii. 8-12; xxviii. 6; xxx. 7. In two of thefe paffages David appears enquiring at the ephod as in the prefence of God, and receives direct anfwers from God. From thefe pallages fome affirm that the Jewish kings had a right to wear the ephod, and to confult the Lord by Urim and Thummim; but the generality of commentators are of opinion that neither David, Saul, nor Jofhua, nor any prince of Ifrael, dreffed themfelves in the high prieft's ephod, in order to confult God of themfelves; but that when David fays Bring me hither the ephod; he muft be underftood as faying, Put on the ephod, Grotius believes that the highprieft turned the ephod or breaft-plate towards David's face.

EPHORI, in Grecian antiquity, magiftrates established in ancient Sparta to balance the regal power. The authority of the ephori was very great. They fometimes expelled and even put to death the kings, (fee AGIS, III.) and abolished or fufpended the power of the other magiftrates, calling them to an account at pleasure. There were 5 of them, or as others fay 9. They prefided in the public fhows and feftivals. They were entrufted with the public treasure, and made war and peace; and were fo abfolute, that Ariftotle makes their government equal to the prerogative of a monarchy. They were established by Lycurgus, according to the generality of authors: though this is denied by others, who date their origin 130 years after the time of that legiflator. Thus Plutarch, in his Life of Cleomenes, afcribes their inftitution to Theopompus king of Sparta; which is alfo confirmed by the authority of Arif totle.

EPHORUS, an orator and hiftorian of Cuma in Æolia, about A. A. C. 352. He was disciple to Ifocrates, by whofe advice he wrote an history of all the battles between the Greeks and barbarians, for 750 years. It was greatly efteemed by the ancients; but is now loft.

(1.) EPHRAIM, (, Ileb. i. e. fruitful,] the fecond fon of the patriarch Jofeph, was born in Egypt about A. M. 2293, and was adopted along with his elder brother Manaffeh, by their grand. father Jacob, among the progenitors of the tribes of Ifrael; when a remarkable preference was omnipotently given to Ephraim.

(2.) EPHRAIM, in ancient geography, one of the divifions of Paleftine by tribes. Ephraim and the half tribe of Manaffeh are blended together by the facred writer; and it only appears that Ephraim occupied the more fouthern, and the half tribe of Manaffeh the more northern parts, but both feem to have extended from the Jordan

to the fea.

(3-6.) EPHRAIM was also the name of, 1. a city near Bethel, 8 miles from Jerufalem: 2. a hill near the S. border of the land of Ephraim: 3. a foreft beyond Jordan, near Mahanaim, memorable for the defeat of Abfalom's rebellions army: and, 4. it is ufed for the whole country of the ten tribes, by Jeremiah, xaxi. 6. &c.

It

(7.) EPHRAIM, or the Į the descendants of Epha EPHRAIMITES, raim, and the principal tribe of the ten, which feparated from Judah is remarkable. that both under the judges and kings of Ifrael, this tribe produced more of the rulers than any other. Joshua, Deborah, Abdon and Samuel, among the judges, and Jeroboam, Nadab, and feveral other kings of Ifrael, (fome authors fay, most of them,) were of this tribe; agreeably to Jacob's prophecy, Genefis, xlviii. 19.

EPHRATAH, or DUNKARD's Town, a fmall town of the United States, in Pennsylvania, the principal fettlement of the religious fect called Dunkards or Tunkers. See TUNKERS. It lies 12 miles N. of Lancafter, and 60 W of Philadelphia. EPHRATHITES, a name fynonimous with EPHRAIMITES, and frequently applied to perfons of that tribe, (See Judg. xii, 5. 1 Sam. i. 1.) as well as to the natives of Bethlehem-Ephratah.

EPHREM, ST, an ancient Chriftian writer, in the 4th century, deacon of Edeffa, was born at Nifibe, in Syria, hence filed Syrus. He was greatly, efteemed by St Bafil, and St Gregory of Nice, and other great men. He wrote against the opinions of Sabellius, Arius, Apollinarius, the Manichees, &c. and acquired fuch reputation by his virtue and his works, thathe was called the door and the prophet of the Syrians. He died in 378. The beft editions of his works are, that of Oxford, in 1708, in fo io, and that of Rome, from 1372 to 1736, in Syriac, Greek, and Latin, 6 vols folio.

EPHREMOV, a town of Ruffia, in the government of Tula, 36 miles SE. of Tula. EPHREMOVSKÁJA, a fort of Ruffia, 108 miles NE. of Ekaterinoslaf.

EPHYDOR, in antiquity, an officer in the Athenian courts of juftice, who provided the plaintiff and defendant with equal water hour-glaffes. When the glafs was run out, they were not permitted to fpeak any farther; and, therefore, we find them very careful not to lose or mispend one drop of their water. Whilft the laws quoted by them were reciting, or if any other bufinefs inter- · vened, the glanes were stopped.

EPIBATÆ, [E] among the Greeks, marines, or foldiers, who ferven on board the ships of war. They were armed in the fame manner as the land forces, only that more of them wore heavy armour.

EPIBATERION, [from ane, to go abroad,] a poetical compofition, in ufe among the Greeks. When any perfon of condition returned home after a long abfence, he called together his friends, and made a speech, or rehearsed a copy of verses, wherein he returned folemn thanks to the gods for his happy return; and ended with an addrefs by way of compliment to his fellow citizens.

EPIBATERIUM, in botany; a genus of the hexandria order, belonging to the monccia clafs of plants. In the male flowers the calyx is a double perianthium, the outward one with fix leaves, very fall; the inner one three leaved, and three times larger than the former, with egg-shaped leaves. The corolla has fix petals fmaller than the interior calyx and roundifh. The ftamina are fix capillary filaments, crooked, and as long as the petals; the antheræ are roundifh. The female flowers are on the fame plant. The calyx and corolla are as in

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