which her salary represents, is knowledge which leading medical specialists have gained after long and expensive research, and which would cost enormous fees, if it were obtained in private consultation. The opportunities for promoting public and personal hygiene by the visiting nurse are many, and her sphere of usefulness is unlimited. It would seem advisable, however, in order to accomplish the greatest amount of good with the least expenditure of money, to have the work systematized and extended under a general plan, which when necessary can be modified to meet local and changing conditions.

The visiting nurse movement is spreading very rapidly. In 1909 only two cities of this state (St. Paul and Minneapolis) had visiting nurses in any capacity whatever. This association recently collected reports from all the cities and organizations of the state at present employing visiting nurses. We had hoped to publish all the reports in the current issue of our Health Journal, but they were so numerous and illustrated such varied activities, that it will be necessary to publish part of them in a second number.

All told there are 117 permanent visiting nurses employed in thirty separate communities of the state. Temporary nurses have been employed for periods varying from two weeks to several months in over two dozen towns of the state.

Another item of great importance, but one that has not been given any attention until lately in this state, is that of "Creating public health interest." In order to get proper support for either local or state measures, we must have an informed cooperating public.

During the past two years the Minnesota Public Health Association has made a strenuous effort to interest various local organizations. It has succeeded better than was expected, as the following typical examples indicate:

Right here in this City of Red Wing (population 9,048) Visiting Nurses' Association has raised funds enough to employ a general visiting nurse. Plans are on foot to have an additional nurse employed jointly by the school and the health boards. The local society is cooperating with the State Association and the County Sanatorium Commission in the work of the tuberculosis dispensary recently opened here.

The Pennington County (pop. 10,537) Public Health Association, organized November, 1915, sold nearly 30,000 Red Cross Christmas Seals. In addition by tag day contributions their fund was increased by several hundred dollars. One of the State Association's nurses was employed for the months of April and May. All the school children, including those of the high school, were given physical examinations. The nurse visited all the known tuberculosis cases in the county. In the fall a tuberculosis educational campaign was conducted; in the spring Baby Week was observed. Tuberculosis literature and literature on the care of the baby is being distributed. The local association plans to raise enough money by tag day and through the sale. of Red Cross Seals to employ one of the State Association's nurses again for two or three months when the local sanatorium, now under construction, opens.

The Rice County (pop. 25,911) Public Health Association, organized in December, 1915, has been very active.

In the fall a general public health educational campaign, with emphasis on tuberculosis, was conducted; in the spring Baby Week was observed.

This Association is now ready to employ one of the State Association's nurses and thus cooperate with the state organizations and the United States Public Health Service in an intensive county campaign.

Largely through the efforts of the County Association voluntary contributions sufficient to maintain a wholetime visiting nurse in Faribault, the largest city, have been secured. Arrangements have been made for a public address on the subject of "Cancer." A tuberculosis and general health exhibit, with a nurse to demonstrate, have been secured for the County Fair to be held in October.

The Marshall County (pop. 16,675) Public Health Association conducted the customary tuberculosis campaign in the fall. In addition to the Baby Week campaign this spring, it instituted an anti-fly crusade. Nearly every school child in the county wrote an essay on the fly; a local physician offered a prize of $10.00, for the best essay. One of the State Association's nurses has been engaged for a month some time this fall.

The Kandiyohi County (pop. 19,261) Public Health Association conducted as usual a very energetic tuberculosis campaign in the fall, and in the spring endeavored to have Baby Week observed throughout the county. One of the State Association's nurses was employed.

The Pine County (pop. 18,161) Public Health Association had a very successful seal campaign. A Baby Week program was held during June. A vis

iting nurse of the State Association will be employed this fall.

The Visiting Nurse Committee of the Rochester (pop. 7,844) Civic League took an active part in the seal campaign. Sufficient funds are raised by voluntary contributions to employ a whole-time visiting nurse. A wholetime health officer and school physician are also employed; part of this expense. is met by voluntary contributions also. Baby Week was observed; plans are on foot for a special fresh-air room, beginning this fall. The county sanatorium project is being agitated.

The South St. Paul (pop. 4,510) Anti-Tuberculosis Society supplements the salary of the nurse for the three months not covered by the school board. Appropriate exercises were held in all the schools during tuberculosis week; Baby Week was observed this spring. A Red Cross Seal film was shown and an endeavor has been made to create sentiment in favor of a county sanatorium.

The Freeborn County (pop. 22,516) Public Health Committee, of which Miss Alma Wretling, school nurse, of Albert Lea, is chairman, supervised a tuberculosis educational campaign in the fall and conducted a Baby Week program in the spring. Parent-Teachers Clubs have been formed in nearly all the graded schools and in most of the larger rural districts. Warm lunch. provisions have been secured for most of the schools of the county. The nurse rounded up all of the Albert Lea school children whom she thought might be benefited by an open-air room and had one of the physicians of the Division of Preventable Diseases of the State Board of Health give each of the candidates a thorough examination. The lo

cal committee was successful in inducing Albert Lea (pop. 6,192) school board to employ the nurse for twelve months of the year; accordingly during the summer the nurse has been able to do considerable tuberculosis work. Local people hope to see Freeborn County one of the first to apply for the new county sanatorium building fund as soon as the 1917 Legislature creates

one.

The Nicollet County (pop. 14,125) Public Health Committee have been able to obtain voluntary contributions enough to support a nurse for St. Peter (pop. 4,176). During tuberculosis week exercises were held in all the schools. This spring a very successful baby program was held.

The Blue Earth County (pop. 29,337) Public Health Committee have been successful in securing a second visiting nurse for Mankato (pop. 10,365). Previously one general nurse was employed, one-third of her salary being raised by voluntary contributions, one-third by the Mankato school board and one-third by the city health department. Now the school board is employing one nurse for ten months, and voluntary contributions and the health department support the second nurse, who will devote her entire time to tuberculosis and infant welfare work. Much work has been done towards securing a local sanatorium, but apparently much more will have to be done before the project is started.

The Tuesday Study Club of Montevideo (pop. 3,056) employed one of the State Association's nurses for the month of March. A tuberculosis educational campaign was conducted in the fall and Baby Week observed in the spring.

The Community Club of Worthington (pop. 2,385) was first in the nurse prize contest with a per capita sale of $8.55. The State Association's nurse spent the month of February there. The local sanatorium opens this fall and plans are on foot for a county as well as a city nurse.

The King's Daughters of Waseca (pop. 3,054) employed one of the State Association's nurses for school work only and raised the necessary funds entirely by subscriptions. This organization will assist in the Seal Sale hereafter. after. At present an effort is being made to secure a local nurse and to create sentiment in favor of a county. sanatorium.

The Washington County (pop. 26,013) Committee induced Stillwater (pop. 10,198) school board to employ one of the State Association's nurses for the month of May; later the nurse did tuberculosis work throughout the county. Prospects for a county sanatorium are rather distant but it is hoped that Stillwater will have a special fresh-air room when schools open in the fall. Stillwater is the only city above 10,000 not employing a perma

nent nurse.

in

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Last year the cities treating their water by liquid chlorine thereby made it safe from typhoid danger at a cost of about two cents per capita. Rather reasonable insurance, it seems.

DOGS

The dog problem is a very harassing one in most villages. If a strict ordinance is set up and enforced the council and officials encounter the opposition of those who add to their love. of dogs a dislike of paying a license and looking after their pets. If no notice is taken at all the dogs are likely to become a nuisance, in more ways than one. Moreover the danger of rabies is much increased if indiscriminate running at large of dogs is permitted. Several times during the year the Municipal Reference Bureau has been consulted upon the problem.

None of the ordinances in force have seemed satisfactory. The Bureau has therefore prepared an ordinance, which is published below in the form as passed by Goodhue. It will be taken as a favor if officials of other villages having experience with like ordinances will offer criticisms of the provisions or omissions of this.

Ordinance Number 64 Passed Thursday, July 5, 1917. An ordinance to regulate the running at large of dogs in the village of Goodhue.

months old or older to permit it to run

at large in the village of Goodhue unless a license for such dog has been issued according to the terms of this ordinance.

Section 2. The owner or keeper of every dog which is permitted to run at large in the village of Goodhue shall not later than the first day of June of each year apply in writing to the clerk for a license for such dog. The applicant in every case shall describe the dog and give its name, and shall affirm that it is not vicious, diseased, or so affected as to be likely to cause injury, damage, or annoyance to the public, and the application shall be accompanied by a fee deposit of one dollar and ten cents in the case of a male and three dollars and ten cents in the case of a female dog, provided that these fees shall be one dollar and three dollars if the applicant returns a dog license tag of the previous year. The village clerk shall, if he have no reason to believe such license should be refused, issue to the applicant a numbered license and a metallic tag bearing the same number, and turn. the fee over to the village treasurer,

Section 1. It shall be unlawful for the owner or keeper of any dog 4

reason to believe that such license should not be issued he shall refer the matter to the village council, who shall

determine whether such license shall be issued. If it be denied, the fee deposit paid in shall be returned. If the license be granted, the 'fee shall be turned over to the village treasurer. The village clerk shall file and preserve in his office the applications. for dog licenses, and a record of all licenses issued. Licenses shall expire June 1 next after their issuance.

Section 3. The metal tags issued shall be of distinctive shape or material for each year, and each shall be attached or appended to a collar worn about the neck of the dog licensed under the corresponding number, in such a way as to be readily observed.

Section 4. Whenever the public health or safety would be endangered by the running at large of dogs the council by resolution or the mayor by proclamation may require that al dogs allowed upon the street be securely muzzled, or that no dogs shall be permitted to run at large for a designated time.

Section 5. No license shall be issued for any dog which is vicious, diseased, or otherwise so affected as to be likely to cause injury, damage, or annoyance to the public if permitted to run at large, and the license for any dog which shall become vicious, diseased, or affected as aforesaid may be revoked at any time by resolution of the village council, or by order of the mayor, subject to confirmation at the next meeting of the council.

Section 6. Any dog which attacks or threatens people and animals in the street or which is afflicted with hydrophobia, shall be destroyed in a summary manner, and the carcass

re

moved and buried, by the village marshal.

Section 7. It shall be the duty of the village marshal of Goodhue to seize and impound any dog which shall run at large in the village of Goodhue unless it be wearing a collar. with license tag attached as provided in this ordinance, and unless it comply with all the other provisions of this ordinance and of any proclamation of the mayor of the village of Goodhue issued pursuant to this ordinance. It shall be the duty of the village marshal to seize and impound any female dog in heat which may be upon the streets, whether licensed or not. The license for any such female dog shall expire upon such female dog's being impounded.

Section 8. Upon impounding any dog the village marshal shall at once. give written notice thereof to the village clerk, and to the owner or keeper of such dog if known. Such notice shall contain a description of the dog and a statement of the reasons for and circumstances of impounding it. The notice to the owner or keeper of such dog shall state that unless redeemed within 2 days thereafter such dog will be destroyed or otherwise disposed of as herein provided. If the owner be unknown, a like notice shall be posted in three public places in the village of Goodhue.

The owner or keeper of any dog which has been impounded may within two days redeem such dog by presenting to the village marshal a receipt from the village clerk showing. that he has paid all license and pound fees as herein provided. At the expiration of two days any person may