Tornado Alley: Monster Storms of the Great PlainsOxford University Press, 2006 - Всего страниц: 180 Tornadoes are the most violent, magnificent, and utterly unpredictable storms on earth, reaching estimated wind speeds of 300 mph and leaving swaths of destruction in their wake. In Tornado Alley, Howard Bluestein draws on two decades of experience chasing and photographing tornadoes across the Plains to present a fascinating historical account of the study of tornadoes and the great thunderstorms that spawn them. A century ago, tornado warnings were so unreliable that they usually went unreported. Today, despite cutting-edge Doppler radar technology and computer simulation, these storms remain remarkably difficult to study. Leading scientists still conduct much of their research from the inside of a speeding truck, and often contend with jammed cameras, flash floods, and windshields smashed by hailstones and flying debris. Using over a hundred diagrams, models, and his own spectacular color photographs, Bluestein documents the exhilaration of hair-raising encounters with as many as nine tornadoes in one day, as well as the crushing disappointment of failed expeditions and ruined equipment. Most of all, he recreates the sense of beauty, mystery, and power felt by the scientists who risk their lives to study violent storms. For scientists, amateur weather enthusiasts, or anyone who's ever been intrigued or terrified by a darkening sky, Tornado Alley provides not only a history of tornado research but a vivid look into the origin and effects of nature's most dramatic phenomena. |
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Стр. vii
... experiments . I am a firm believer that in order to study a meteorologi- cal phenomenon properly , you must actually experience it and appreciate it aesthetically . The photographs that I took , up to and including vii.
... experiments . I am a firm believer that in order to study a meteorologi- cal phenomenon properly , you must actually experience it and appreciate it aesthetically . The photographs that I took , up to and including vii.
Стр. xii
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Содержание
The Frontier Overhead | xi |
Catching Real Storms | 29 |
Numerical Simulations Come of Age | 58 |
Storm Chasing and Doppler Radar in Major Field Programs | 74 |
The Importance of Portability | 99 |
The State of the Art | 126 |
Where We Are Headed | 148 |
The Dynamic Pressure | 157 |
The Effects of Momentum Transport by an Updraft in a Sheared Environment | 159 |
Other Resources | 161 |
References | 163 |
170 | |
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airborne aircraft aloft American Meteorological Society antenna anvil associated atmosphere backscattered balloon cell cloud base cloud droplets condensation funnel convective cool crew cumulus clouds cyclonic damage debris Doppler radar DOPPLER VELOCITY downdraft downshear dryline dual-Doppler east echo forecasts Fujita funnel cloud gradient ground gust front height hurricanes intense Kansas Klemp landspouts LANL large hail lidar lightning m/sec measurements mesocyclone meteorologist microburst miles motion movie nado NCAR NOAA Norman NSSL photographs portable precipitation pressure pressure-gradient force probe produce a tornado radiosonde rain raindrops range relatively rotation Severe Storms severe thunderstorms simulate southwest storm chasing storm season SUCTION VORTEX supercell temperature Texas Panhandle tion tornadic storms tornadic supercell Tornado Alley tornado appeared tornado formed University of Oklahoma updraft vertical shear vertical wind shear viewed vortex vortices wall cloud waterspouts wind field wind shear wind speeds