GEOGRAPHIC ADMINISTRATION BUILDINGS SIXTEENTH AND M STREETS NORTHWEST, WASHINGTON, D. C. JOHN E. PILLSBURY, President HENRY WHITE, Vice-President GILBERT GROSVENOR, Director O. P. AUSTIN, Secretary JOHN OLIVER LA GORCE, Vice-Director EXECUTIVE STAFF OF THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE JOHN OLIVER LA GORCE, Associate Editor and Vice-Director WILLIAM J. SHOWALTER Assistant Editor FRANKLIN L. FISHER Chief of Illustrations Division ORGANIZED FOR "THE INCREASE AND DIFFUSION OF GEOGRAPHIC KNOWLEDGE" To carry out the purpose for which it was founded thirty-one years ago, the National Geographic Society publishes this Magazine. All receipts from the publication are invested in the Magazine itself or expended directly to promote geographic knowledge and the study of geography. Articles or photographs from members of the Society, or other friends, are desired. For material that the Magazine can use, generous remuneration is made. Contributions should be accompanied by an addressed return envelope and postage, and be addressed: Editor, National Geographic Magazine, 16th and M Streets, Washington, D. C. Important contributions to geographic science are constantly being made through expeditions financed by funds set aside from the Society's income. For example, immediately after the terrific eruption of the world's largest crater, Mt. Katmai, in Alaska, a National Geographic Society expedition was sent to make observations of this remarkable phenomenon. So important was the completion of this work considered that four expeditions have followed and the extraordinary scientific data resultant given to the world. In this vicinity an eighth wonder of the world was discovered and explored-"The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes," a vast area of steaming, spouting fissures, evidently formed by nature as a huge safety-valve for erupting Katmai. By proclamation of the President of the United States, this area has been created a National Monument. The Society organized and supported a large party, which made a three-year study of Alaskan glacial fields, the most remarkable in existence. At an expense of over $50,000 it has sent a notable series of expeditions into Peru to investigate the traces of the Inca race. The discoveries of these expeditions form a large share of the world's knowledge of a civilization which was waning when Pizarro first set foot in Peru. Trained geologists were sent to Mt. Pelee, La Soufriere, and Messina following the eruptions and earthquakes. The Society also had the honor of subscribing a substantial sum to the historic expedition of Admiral Peary, who discovered the North Pole April 6. 1909. Not long ago the Society granted $20.000 to the Federal Government when the congressional appropriation for the purchase was insufficient, and the finest of the giant sequoia trees of California were thereby saved for the American people and incorporated into a National Park. Copyright, 1919, by National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C. All rights reserved. CONTENTS American Berries of Hill, Dale, and Wayside... PAGE 168 Azores, The: Picturesque and Historic Half-way House of American Transatlantic Chicago Today and Tomorrow: A City Whose Industries Have Changed the Food Status of the World and Transformed the Economic Situation of a Billion People. Cone-dwellers of Asia Minor, The: A Primitive People Who Live in Nature-made Apartment Houses, Fashioned by Volcanic Violence and Trickling Streams. By J. R. SITLINGTON STERRETT.... Devil-fishing in the Gulf Stream. By JOHN OLIVER LA GORCE.... 281 Hunting Big Game of Other Days: A Boating Expedition in Search of Fossils, in Alberta, Canada. By BARNUM BROWN, Associate Curator of Vertebrate Paleon- Industrial Titan of America, The: Pennsylvania, Once the Keystone of the Original Thirteen, Now the Keystone of Forty-eight Sovereign States. By JOHN OLIVER Medicine Fakes and Fakers of All Ages: Strange Stories of Nostrums and Kingly 67 457 Murman Coast, The: Arctic Gateway for American and Allied Expeditionary Forces 331 Our Common Dogs. By LOUIS AGASSIZ FUERTES and ERNEST HAROLD BAYNES... Sagacity and Courage of Dogs: Instances of the Remarkable Intelligence and Unselfish Devotion of Man's Best Friend among Dumb Animals... Sarawak: The Land of the White Rajahs. By HARRISON W. SMITH.. Sheep-killers-The Pariahs of Dogkind.. Sight-seeing in School: Taking Twenty Million Children on a Picture Tour of the World. By JESSIE L. BURRALL, Chief of School Service of the National Geographic Ten Thousand Smokes Now a National Monument, The. The President of the United 359 INDEX FOR VOL. XXXV (JANUARY-JUNE), 1919 AN ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED INDEX ENTRIES IN CAPITALS REFER TO ARTICLES Accessible to 10,000,000 Americans, The dune Active dinosaur found in Wyoming, A small...ill. 428 Adoption of the Protestant faith, Guillaume Farel was responsible for Geneva's... ...text 459, 465 Advance Guard in the Hunt, and Ally of the Trenches (Dog). By Ernest Harold Baynes, Aeronauts of the next war, Incendiary bullets will After the explosion, A hydrogen balloon. Afternoon tea in one of the Arctic outposts of Agatharchides, Greek geographer and historian 175 Agatharchides' account of the Troglodytes of the region of the Red Sea, quoted by Diodorus Aged and infirm, A practice of killing the...text 293, Ages an index to the size of their families, Agricultural regions east of the Appalachian chain, Aids America, The Murman now.....text 331-332, 348 Aims of the National Geographic Society make it especially fitted for this great service to the (Airship) Watch and ward from the skies..... ill. Airship showing a gun mounted on top of the Airships, Machine-guns can be mounted on top of Alberta, Canada, A Boating Expedition in Search of Fossils in. By Barnum Brown.. Albertosaurus, powerful flesh-eating dinosaurs.. Alder, Black (Ilex verticillata L.), A. Gray..text, 168; Alliance with Fribourg against Savoy, A Geneva patriot, Philibert Berthelier, concluded a defen- Alliance with the Genevans, Fribourg formed a Allied Expeditionary Forces in Northern European Russia, Arctic Gateway for American and..text 331 Ally of the Trenches (Dog). By Ernest Harold Amara, a town in Irak-Arabi, Kurd coolies at., ill. America, The Industrial Titan of. By John Oliver America, The Murman now aids.....text 331-332, 348 American and Allied Expeditionary Forces in Northern European Russia, Arctic Gateway for American aviators in their transatlantic flight; also the route chosen by the ill-fated Hawker-Grieve expedition, Map showing the three groups of the Azores and the routes of the successful..ill. 515 AMERICAN BERRIES OF HILL, DALE, AND WAYSIDE.......text, 168; ill., 171; Plates I-VIII American bittersweet (Celastrus scandens L.).... text, 172; ill. (colored), Plate IV American bluejackets adjusting the delicate mech- American cranberry (Orycoccus macrocarpus Ait. text, 181; ill. (colored), Plate V American soldiers, A collie of royal ancestry be- text, 94, 96, 98, 99, 105, 109 American squadron outward bound on a mine- laying excursion, Nine of the ten ships which .ill., 97; text, 101, 105, 106 American Transatlantic Aviators, Picturesque and text 514 America's NC-1, NC-3, and NC-4 before their "Hop off" at Trepassey Bay, Newfoundland, for Altoona, The famous horseshoe curve above...ill. 376 Alps. Almost a tragedy: On the face of a dan- |