Page Transatlantic flight, The crews of America's NC-1, A Tree, Borneo, Tapang.... text 517 ill. 517 Trenches, Ally of the (Dog). By Ernest Harold Triceratops, Monoclonius was ancestral to the Triceratops, horned dinosaur. text 342 Union Stock Yards, The nation's chief reservoir of Page ill. 22 Union, The State's share in making and preserv- United States Navy mine-planters, The squadron Upper Columbia Lake. Upper Columbia Valley, looking north Upward ho for the hay market. The grass harvest ill. 315 Verdure-clad billows of sand constitute a veritable text 431 Viaduct at Nicholson, Pennsylvania, The. ill. 370 .text 370 ill. 99 ill. 454 ill. 517 .ill. 454 Troglodytes, Sketch map showing location of Tundras of arctic Russia, On the bleak. Turkish barbarism, Releasing oppressed peoples Twenty-four hour system of time-keeping, The.. text 475 Twenty Million Children on a Picture Tour of the Vigor and Vitality of Succeeding Generations, On Vineyard grows on roof. .text 505 ..ill. 524 text 342 Visit of Columbus to the Azores on his return ill. 83, 84 from .ill. 372 "Wind gas, Helium called. The richest gas is the. Warren statue, The Gettysburg battlefield in Lehigh ill. 405 .text 369 Watch and ward from the skies. .. ill. 97 Watches, condensed milk, and chocolate, The manufacture of (Geneva). .text 475 Water-cooler of Ponta Delgada, The peripatetic.. ill. 541 Water fronts, Pennsylvania is in navigable connection with three of the nation's. ..text 373 Water is instantly vaporized, Temperature is so high that (Katmai) Water power, Geneva has a wealth of. ..text 475 Water wagons of the Azores, Ox-drawn...... ill. 534 Waters surrounding the Azores teem with many varieties of edible fish, The. .ill. 538 Waves break upon the dunes of Indiana, Where the ..text 366 "Wind gas, Winding silk on quills in a modern mill. Window glass being lowered into its cradle, Machine-blown cylinder of.. .text 449 ...text 451 .. ill. 389 .ill. 393 .ill. 394 . ill. 396 Window-glass cylinder before the ends have been removed, A machine-blown.. Window glass in uncut cylinders stored for flattening Window glass, Removing the waste ends of cylinders one of the operations in the manufacture of .ill. 395 Winning the war, The National Geographic Society devoted its talents and energies to....text 503 Wine, The second great industry of St. Michaels is the manufacture of. ..text 533 Winter builds among the sands, When architect.. ill. 440 Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens L.)...text, 182; ill. (colored), Plate VI Winter landscape in the dunes, A.. .ill. 432 Winter lasts long and the spring is late, cold, and rainy (Kola Peninsula). .ill. 434 .text 528 .ill. 266 text 441 text 345 text 475 for the Winter's meat, The early settlers salted down half-grown ducklings for the. text 424 ill. 391 Wissahickon Creek at Valley Green: Fairmount .ill. 390 Park, Philadelphia Witch doctors in Natal, South Africa. ill. 382 ill. 84 ill. 424 ill. 454 Wolf, Timber.. Wolfhound, Irish.. 48 Wolfhound, Russian. text 204; ill. (colored), 202 text, 209; ill. (colored), 207 text, 212; ill. (colored), 202 Weaving, Beaming or preparing the warp Weaving silk on a modern loom.. Weigh a ton or more, Frequently the prepared blocks (dinosaurs) Our Wells at Petrolia, Texas, the largest of helium gas fields, A view of the.. West African colony of the German Empire: Natives in a village of Cameroon, formerly a... ill. West Prussia, Lofty clock tower, one of the most interesting buildings in (Danzig). .ill. 44 Western civilization its religion, Jerusalem gave to ... ..text 457 Westinghouse industries one of the largest groups of factories in America.. ..text 397, 399 Whalers used American methods, Azorean..text, 536; ill., 536 ...text 451 Where and how the gas occurs (helium). Where collectors hunt big game of the past, How and .text 415 Whippets .text, 208; ill. (colored), 263 Whisk-broom, Excavating with crooked awl and.. text 420 White Rajahs came to Sarawak, How the....text 161, 163, 165, 167 White Rajahs: Brunei Sarawak, Capital of the Land of the.. .ill. 166 White Rajahs: Sarawak, The Land of the. By Harrison W. Smith.. ..text 110 White Sea, At the other end of the Murman: On the shores of the.. .ill. 338 Whitworth doctors, Quacks. ..text 83, 84 WHO SHALL INHERIT LONG LIFE? ON THE EXISTENCE OF A NATURAL PROCESS AT WORK AMONG HUMAN BEINGS TENDING TO IMPROVE THE VIGOR AND VITALITY OF SUCCEEDING GENERATIONS. BY DR. ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL Whole Slavic Empire, Kola Inlet became of vital importance to the.. Wild black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) text, 170; ill. (colored), Plate III Wild dog, Australia, The.. ...text 194 Wild life, The night sounds of. .text 419 Wiley of the thirteenth century, Frederick II the Dr. ..text 73, 79 ..ill. 388 Wolves, jackals, dingos, and dogs interbreed. .text 191 text 303 Women on the streets of Bagdad, Jewish. .ill. 62 Wonders of the past and future, Rival. ...text 3 Wonders of the world, Preeminent among the.. Woodlands in winter, Sand-dune.. text 361 ill. 436 text 153 text 499 Work the National Geographic Society has performed in bringing pictures into the school-room, The great World capital, Geneva will make an ideal....text 475 World commerce, The new Polish Republic desires Danzig as its outlet to the sea and to......text World made safe for future generations. .ill. 65 World peace through geography, Promoting...text 497 World record in mine-laying, A... .text 107 44 World's total output of helium up to 1915 was probably less than 100 cubic feet, The.. ...text 450 Worship of the dog... Writing lesson in Persia, A. "X" text 199 .ill. 490 To carry out the purpose for which it was founded twenty-eight years ago, namely, "the increase and diffusion of geographic knowledge," the National Geographic Society publishes this Magazine. All receipts from the publication are invested in the Magazine itself or expended directly to promote geographic knowledge and the study of geography. Articles or photographs from members of the Society, or other friends, are desired. For material that the Society can use, adequate remuneration is made. Contributions should be accompanied by an addressed return envelope and postage, and be addressed: Copyright, 1919, by National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C. All rights reserved. VOL. XXXV, No. 1 WASHINGTON JANUARY, 1919 THE NATIONAL CHICAGO TODAY AND TOMORROW A City Whose Industries Have Changed the Food Status of the World and Transformed the Economic Situation of a Billion People BY WILLIAM JOSEPH SHOWALTER AUTHOR OF "NEW YORK-THE METROPOLIS OF MANKIND," ETC. HEN La Salle, the intrepid on the face of the globe a single metropFrench explorer, standing on olis with as many as a million inhabitants the shore of Lake Michigan, that is as young as Chicago, with her two surveyed, with the prophetic eye of the and a half millions. geographer, the site of what is now Chicago, the fourth city of the world, he is reputed to have exclaimed: "This will be the gate of empire, this the seat of commerce." So definitely do the forces of geography give direction to the currents of history that this explorer, surrounded by what must have been an unprepossessing site, a vast region as yet peopled only by Indians and bison and wolves, was able to look forward through the years and to see arising a teeming metropolis, the center of an empire whose richness beggars description, whose influence upon civilization challenges estimate, whose future promises achievements that no careful writer would attempt to detail, lest today he seem an enthusiast and tomorrow a short-sighted prophet. and YOUNGEST OF THE WORLD'S CITIES OF Other cities there are that outrank Chicago in size-London, New York, and Paris are larger-but there is not today The Portuguese court was living in Rio de Janeiro before Chicago was more than a lakeside village of fifteen ramshackle houses. Buenos Aires was the seat of a bishopric before La Salle first saw the shores of Lake Michigan. Tokyo and Osaka, Canton and Peking, Calcutta and Bombay, Moscow and Petrograd, Vienna and Budapest, Berlin and Hamburg-all these were fair-sized cities when the site of Chicago was still an unpeopled marsh. Geography made Chicago. Its position at the foot of the Great Lakes resulted in its evolution as the farthest inland terminus of navigation of the inland seas. All railroad lines of the early history of the northern part of the great Mississippi Valley converged on this one point as unerringly and as necessarily as caravans seek passes in crossing mountain barriers. Made what it is by the processes of geography, Chicago soon returned the compliment by helping geography transform other regions. Its slaughtering and |