Baltimore, Lord, 34, 35, 36.

Banks, United States, see National Bank;
state, see State Banks.

Banks, N. P., presidential nominee, 354; in
Civil War, 392, 394.
Bannock City founded, 436.
Barry, John, 147.

Barron, Commander, 227.

Baton Rouge, captured, 150, 392 n. 1; Span-
iards claim, 152.

"Battle above the Clouds," 899.
Bean, William, 191.

Bear State republic, 332, 333.

Beauregard, General, 382, 383, 888.

Bell, John, 363.

Belmont, 286, 287.

Belpre settled, 194.

Bemis Heights, battle of, 141.

Bennington, battle of, 139, 140.

Boxer, 237.

Braddock, Edward, 87, 88.
Bradford, William, 41, 44 n. 1.
Bradstreet, 89.

Bragg, 390, 391, 399.
Brandywine, battle of, 138.
Brazil discovered, 16.

Breckinridge, John C., vice president, 355;
presidential candidate, 361.

Breeds Hill, battle of, 129, 130.
Brewster, William, 41.

British, see English.

British Columbia, boundary of, 450.

British Guiana, 472.

Brown, B. Gratz, 442.

Brown, Jacob, 235.

Brown, John, 359.
Brown, Robert, 40.
Brownists, 40-46, 48.

329, 332.

Bents Fort, 329.

Berceau, 213.

Berkeley, Lord, 55.

Berlin Decree, 225, 229, 230.

Bidwell, John, 470.

Bienville, Céloron de, 81-83.

Big Bottom massacre, 242.
Bills of credit, 199, 200.

Biloxi settled, 79.

Bimetallism, 254.

Birney, James Gillespie, presidential nomi-

nee, 312, 315, 324; abolitionist, 313, 314.

Black, James, 444.

Black Rock burned, 235.

Bladensburg, battle of, 238.

Blaine, James G., 464.

Blair, Francis P., 439.

Bland-Allison Silver Bill, 448, 449.

Bryan, William J., 472, 473, 480, 484.

Buchanan, James, president, 355-863; atti-

tude toward seceded states, 378, 379.
Buckner, General Simon B., 389, 472.
Buell, General, 390, 391.

Buena Vista, battle of, 328.
Buffalo burned, 235.

Bull Run, battles of, 387, 388, 394.

Bunker Hill, battle of, 129, 180.
Bunker Hill Monument, 131.
Burgoyne, John, 139, 141.
Burke, P. B., 369.

Burlingame, Anson, 444.
Burnside, General, 394, 396.
Burr, Aaron, 215.

Business depression of '93, 469.
Butler, 143.

Butler, A. P., 336.

Butler, Benjamin F., 392, 464.

412.

Blockade runners, 411, 412.

Blue Lodges, 351.

Bonded debt, of 1866, 437.

Butterfield overland stage, 434.

Bordentown, 279.

Border states secede, 386, 387.
Boscawen, 89.
Boston, 213, 471.

Boston, founded, 47; in colonial times, 99;
riot, 116; massacre, 118, 119; tea party,
120; Port Bill, 120, 121; occupied by Brit-
ish, 127-131; evacuated, 131; in 1790, 178;
fire, 445.

Boston Neck, 126.
Boston Sentinel, 260.
Boundary, of United States in 1783, 150, 151;
in 1815, 241; Canadian, 261, 316, 450;
Spanish, 261; of Alaska, 322, 487; of Texas,
326, 329, 340, 341; map showing territorial
growth of United States, 452, 453.

C

Cable, Atlantic, 374, 375, 459.
Cabots, 14.

Cabral, 14, 16.

Calhoun, John C., in War Congress, 231, 294
n. 1; vice president, 297, 298; favors nulli-
fication, 303, 305; on slavery, 335; on Com-
promise Bill, 340; death of, 341.
California, Frémont in, 329-333; independ-
ent, 332, 333; slavery in, 334; gold dis-
coveries, 336-338; applies for admission,
338, 340, 341; settled and admitted, 368;
Pacific Railroad to, 434, 435.
Calverts, 34, 35, 36.
Cambridge settled, 47.
Camden, battle of, 144.

Canada, ceded to British, 91; boundary of,
261, 316, 450; fisheries, 450, 451.
Canals, 251, 282-285, 366, 435.
Canonchet, 72.
Canso attacked, 80.
Cape Ann colony, 46.
Cape Breton, 91.
Cape Cod named, 29.

Cape Fear River settlements, 54.

Captains of industry, 460.

Caribbean Islands, 14 n. 1.

Carleton, Sir Guy, 131.

Civil Rights Bill, 480.

Civil service reform, 442, 446, 447, 461, 462,
464.

South Carolina.

Carpetbaggers, 440.

Carson, Kit, 332.

of 1910, 485.

Charleston, founded, 54; attacked, 58; in
colonial times, 99, 105; opposes tea tax,
120; captured, 148, 144, 426; nominating
convention, 360.

Charleston harbor, 379.
Charlestown, settled, 47.
Charlestown Neck, 128.
Charter colonies, 105, 106.

Charters, of 1606, 29, 30; of 1609, 32-34; of
1629, 46.

Chase, Salmon P., 347.

Chattanooga, battle of, 398, 399.

Cherokee Indians, 68, 242.

Cherry Creek, 433.

Cherry Valley massacre, 143.

Chesapeake, 227, 237.

Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, 251.
Chester, 138.

Chicago, Republican conventions, 363, 462;
in 1832, 365; in 1840, 365; labor congress,
443; convention of '69, 444; fire, 445; meat
packing, 455.

Chickahominy River, 393.
Chickamauga, battle of, 398, 399.
Chickasaw Indians, 68.
China, disorder in, 478.

Chinese Exclusion acts, 463, 465.

Chinese immigration, 443, 444, 447, 463, 467.
Chippewa, battle of. 235.
Choctaw Indians, 68.
Church of New England, 48.
Churubusco, battle of, 328.

Cincinnati, in 1802, 194; in 1810, 245; con-
vention of 1872, 442; labor congress, 443:
convention of 1876, 447.
Circuit courts, 197, 198.

Clinton, Sir Henry, 142, 143, 144, 146.
Cobb, Howell, 380.

Cochrane, General John, 425, 426.

Cockburn, Admiral, 238.

Cohoes founded, 290.

Coin at a premium, 488.

Coinage of gold and silver, 254, 467, 468, 472.
Cold Harbor, battle of, 404.
Colfax, Schuyler, 439.

Collins steamship line, 874.

Colonial, life, 93-108; forms of government,
105-108, 118, 122, 155.

Colonies, Spanish, 23, 24; English, 25-39, 40-
58; Dutch, 37-39; Swedish, 38, 39.
Colorado, acquired, 834 n. 1; a territory, 486;
admitted, 447, 457 n. 1; silver interests,
472.

Colt, 290.

Columbia Centinel, 295.*

Columbia River discovered, 219, 220.
Columbus, Christopher, 11-14.
Columbus, Ky., evacuated, 389.

Columbus, O., population in 1840, 366; con-
ventions, 443, 444.

Commerce, in colonial times, 101-103; about
1810, 248, 249; destroyers, 412-414. See
also Trade.

Commission government of cities, 487.
Committee of Safety, 126.

Compromise, Missouri, 276; tariff, 305; of
1850, 339, 340, 341, 342, 346, 347 n. 2, 352;
of Crittenden, 380, 381.

Compromises in Constitution, 167, 168.
Comptroller of the currency, 421.
Concord, battle of, 127, 128.
Confederate cruisers, 413, 414, 418, 449, 450.
Confederate States, formed, 378; during civil
war, 378-406; capital of, 386; end of, 406,
407; military supplies of, 411; debts and
losses of, 422-424; congress dissolved, 428.
Congress, 415, 416.

Congress, under Articles of Confederation,
159, and see Continental Congress; recon-
struction plan of, 430, 431; gives land
grants, 435; acts of 1862 and 1863, 438.
Congress, National Labor, 443.
Connecticut, settled, 50-53; in colonial times,
101, 102; Reserve, 160.

Conscription, Confederate, 423, 424.
Constellation, 213.
Constitution, 236, 237.

tion, 394-396, 429; cost of, 424.
Embargo laws, 228, 229, 249.

Emigration, western, 241, 242, 266-277, 433,
434.

Endicott, John, 46, 49.

English, possessions, 9, 91; settlements, 25-
39, 40-58; relations with France, 76-91;
relations with Indians, 70, 71; government
of colonies, 105-108; attitude to colonies,
110-122; war with colonies, 126-152; at
war with French, 206, 224-231; disputed
right of trade, 208; favor South American
republics, 264; favor South, 411-414, 449,
450; Venezuelan boundary question, 471.
English, William H., 462.
English fur companies, 323.
Enterprise, 213, 287.

Era of Good Feeling, 260.

Ericsson, Captain John, 415.

Ericsson, Leif, 11.

Essex, 237.

91; East and West, 110; a Spanish pos-
session, 151, 152; purchased, 261; a terri-
tory, 278, 366; admitted, 366; secedes, 878;
readmitted, 431.

Foote, Flag Officer, 388, 389, 891.

Force Act, of 1809, 228; Jackson's, 804, 305;
of 1871, 442.
Foreign labor, 464.

Foreigners, see Immigration.
Fort Assumption built, 80.
Fort Boise, 436.

Fort Chartres built, 80.
Fort Crèvecœur built, 64.
Fort Cumberland, $8.

Fort Donelson captured, 888, 889.

Fort Duquesne built, 85; 87, 88; captured, 89.
Fort Edward, 139.

Fort Erie captured, 235.

Fort Fisher captured, 418.
Fort Frontenac captured, 89.

Fort Hall founded, 331.

Fort Henry captured, 388.
Fort Le Bœuf built, 83; 84, 85.

Evans, Oliver, 253.

Everett, Edward, 363.

Exeter massacre, 77.

Explorations, European, 9-24; French, 60-
65; Western, 219-221; Northwestern, 329,
331, 332, 333.

Express, pony, 434.

Express companies formed, 369.

F

Fair Oaks, battle of, 393.

Fairbanks, 289.

Fort Lee attacked, 135.
Fort Loyal massacre, 77.
Fort McAllister captured, 408.
Fort McHenry bombarded, 238.
Fort Macon captured, 418.
Fort Meigs, battle of, 234.
Fort Monroe, 403.
Fort Morgan, 418.
Fort Moultrie, 379.

Fort Nassau built, 37, 38.
Fort Natchitoches, 80.
Fort Necessity built, 86.

Fort Orange built, 37.

Fort Pillow captured, 889.
Fort Pitt, 89.

209.

Farmers' Alliance, 466, 467.

Farragut, Admiral, 391, 392, 418.

Federal Hall, 171, 173.

Federal money, 254, 255.

295, 296.

Ferdinand, King, aids Columbus, 13.
Field, Cyrus W., 374, 375.

Field, James G., 467.

Fifteenth Amendment, 440, 442.
"Fifty-four forty or fight," 324.

Fillmore, Millard, vice president, 335; presi-
dent, 341-343; presidential nominee, 354,
355.

Financial, distress of '37, 310, 311; condition
after Civil War, 437-439; policy, Grant's,
448; questions after '88, 465-469.
First Continental Congress, 121, 122.
Fiscal Bank of United States, 316.
Fiscal Corporation, 316.

Fishery question, 450, 451.

Fitch, John, 190, 252.

Fort Toulouse founded, 80.
Fort Venango built, 83.
Fort Washington captured, 135.
"Forty-niners," 338.

Fourteenth Amendment, 430, 431.
Fractional currency, 420, 421, 437, 446.
Franchise right, 182, 294; interference with,
441, 442.

Franklin, Benjamin, during the French War,
85, 86, 87; experiments, 94, 95; Declara-
tion of Independence, 132; ambassador to
France, 142, 148, 149.
Franklin, state of, 192.
Fray Marcos, 21.

Fredericksburg, in colonial times, 104;
tle of, 394.

bat-

Free coinage, of gold and silver, 254, 467,
468, 472; of silver, 449, 466, 472, 480.
Free-soil party, 334, 335, 339, 340, 346, 347;
joins Republicans, 355.

Freedmen, treatment after war, 429, 480;
vote, 439-442, 445.

Freedmen's Bureau Bill, 430.
Frelinghuysen, Theodore, 324.
Frémont, John C., in California, 329-333;
presidential nominee, 355, 425, 426; in
Shenandoah valley, 392.

French, possessions, 9; explorations, 60-65;
relations with Indians, 70; relations with
English, 76-91; and Indian War, 86-91;
abandon America, 90, 91; acknowledge
our independence, 141, 142; republic es-
tablished, 206; war with English, 206, 224-
231; trouble with United States, 210-214;
during Civil War, 449, 450; in Mexico, 450.
French Directory, 210, 214.
Frenchtown, battle of, 233, 284.
Fries's Rebellion, 214.

Frobisher, Sir Martin, 26.

Frolic, 236, 237.

Frontenac, Count, 77, 78.

Frontier life, 268-273.

Frye, Joshua, 85.

Great Western, 374.

Greeley, Horace, 442, 444.

Green Mountain Boys, 128, 243.

346, 353, 355.

Fulton, Robert, 253.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 50.

Funding of national debt, 201.

Fusion tickets, 354.

Geneva awards, 450.

George II. grants charter, 57.

Georgia, settled, 57, 58; in colonial times,
101, 103-105; annexed territory, 110; con-
quered, 143; cedes land to Congress, 162 n.,
246; secedes, 378; Sherman's march
through, 399, 402, 403; again in the Union,
445.

Germantowa, battle of, 139.
Gerry, Elbridge, 210, 295, 316 n. 2.
Gerrymander, 295, 296.

Gettysburg, battle of 396, 397, 399.
Gettysburg Address, Lincoln's, 397.
Gila River, 334.

Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 27.
Goffe, William, 52 n. 2.

Gold, discovered in California, 337, 338; at
Pikes Peak, 433; in Northwestern States,
456; payments suspended, 421; sole legal
tender, 448, 449; standard in election of
1900, 480.

Gold Democrats, 472.
Goldsboro, 404.

Hamilton, Alexander, 199.

Hamlin, Hannibal, 363, 381.

Hampton Roads, peace conference at, 405;
Confederate cruiser sunk in, 413; Monitor
and Merrimac, 415-417.

Hancock, General Winfield, 462.
Hand loom, 99.
Hand mill, 272.

Hand press, 180.

Hard cider campaign, 315, 316.

Hard times of '73, 445, 446; of '93, 468, 469.
Harnden, W. F., 369.
Harpers Ferry, 359, 360.
Harrisburg convention, 303.
Harrison, Benjamin, president, 465-467.
Harrison, William Henry, in War of 1812,
233, 234, 235; delegate in Congress, 245;
at Tippecanoe, 246; presidential candidate,
311, 312, 315; elected, 316; death of, 316.
Harrisons Landing, 394.
Harrodsburg settled, 191.
Hartford settled, 50.
Hatteras Inlet, 417.
Haverhill massacre, 77.

Hawaiian annexation, 471, 477.
Hayes, Rutherford B., president, 447-449.
Hayne, Governor, 303, 304.
Helena founded, 486.