Instruction; D. M. Valentine was elected Associate Justice; J.W. Hamilton, Treasurer, and Timothy McCarthy, Auditor; Congressmen Morrill, Anderson, Funston, Perkins, Ryan and Peters were re-elected, and E. J. Turner was elected from the Sixth District.

SUMMARY.

1. Death ravages the ranks of the old soldiers and pioneers of Kansas.

2. The Quarter-Centennial of the admission of Kansas is celebrated at Topeka.

3. A reunion of the surviving members of the Wyandotte Constitutional Convention is held at Kansas City, Kan.

4. In 1882, George W. Glick was elected Governor.

5. Kansas extended aid to sufferers by flood in the Ohio valley. 6. "Kansas Day" is generally observed by the schools, and the sunflower is adopted as the State emblem.

7. John A. Martin was elected Governor in 1884.

8. To the list of State institutions were added, during the years 1880-1890, the Asylum for Imbeciles, the State Soldiers' Home, the Reform School for Girls, the Soldiers' Orphans' Home, and the State Reformatory. The United States established the National Soldiers' Home and Haskell Institute.

CHAPTER XXVI.

THE HAPPENINGS OF 1887.

271. Governor Martin's Opinion on Indebtedness.Governor John A. Martin, on the opening of the Legislature of 1887, took occasion to remark in his message: "The steady and enormous growth of bonded indebtedness amply justifies alarm. It seems to me that in view of the facts and figures presented, it is the imperative duty of the Legislature to repeal at once every law authorizing the creation of municipal indebtedness for any purpose whatever, except, perhaps, the building of schoolhouses."

272. Speculation.-On the 1st of January, 1887, the great Kansas "boom" was booming, and it continued for many months. On that date it was announced that the manufactures of Wichita, the past year, had yielded $570,000; the amount paid in mercantile salaries had reached $1,910,180; her bank clearings were $18,870,598; the wholesale trade was $15,076,000; the real estate sales $16,793,527. The list of real estate sales made a newspaper column a day. Later in the season ninety-five acres of land near Wyandotte were sold for $450,000.

273. Improvements.-In Topeka, in the year 1887, 2,500 houses were erected, and $1,000,000 were devoted to public improvements. Eighty-one newspapers were started in a year. Natural gas was struck at Fort Scott, and many other points, and Paola indulged in a great celebration.

The "Santa Fe,' the Missouri Pacific and Rock Island built through and through the State.

274. State Buildings Remodeled. "Syndicates' were organized to deal in real estate in many of the towns, and waterworks and electric light plants and street railways became numerous. During the "boom" period, the State fully kept up with the general and public desire for improvement. In that time the State University added to its buildings "Snow Hall of Natural History," costing $50,000. The Institution for the Deaf and Dumb erected three buildings costing $82,000. The Asylum for Idiotic and Imbecile Youth, at Winfield, completed a new building at a cost of $25,000. On the two insane asylums at Osawatomie and Topeka, in the four years closing with the year 1888, were expended $353,000.

there

The old

In 1879

The State Capitol, begun in 1866, grew apace. east wing was remodeled at a cost of $140,000. the west wing was begun, and occupied in 1881, and completed in 1882. Work was begun on the central building in 1881, and still continues. A contract was let for a new wing of the State Normal School building at Emporia. The substantial completion of a building for a State Reformatory, at Hutchinson, was announced, but some years were to elapse before its occupation. The State continued its interest in tree culture, and established a forestry station near Fort Dodge.

275. State Reformatory.-The idea of a State Reformatory was suggested to the Kansas State Board of Charities by the celebrated Reformatory at Elmira, N. Y. The aim and object of the institution being the reformation rather than the punishment of youthful criminals between the ages of

sixteen and twenty-five; boys under the limit of age being sent to the State Reform School at Topeka. The system at the Reformatory implies a graded course of treatment, the condition and comfort of the prisoner being made dependent on his conduct.

276. Educational Institutions. The schools and other public institutions of the State were remembered by communities and by individuals. The library of the Soldiers' Home was enlarged by 2,000 volumes, collected for it before his death by Henry Ward Beecher. The Catholic building and grounds at Atchison are valued at $500,000. On the 5th of April, 1887, the Kansas Wesleyan University at Salina was dedicated.

In March, ground was broken at Sterling for the Cooper Memorial College. In July Bethany College, at Lindsborg, announced the completion of a new and splendid building. A German Baptist (Dunkard) College was located at McPherson. The Hiawatha Academy at Hiawatha was established. The Central Normal College of Great Bend was established by Professor Wm. Stryker.

Bethel College, located at Newton, is one of two Mennonite colleges in the United States. St. John's Military School at Salina, a school for boys, under the control of the Episcopal Church, was established in 1887.

The older and later educational institutions of the State, as Baker University, Highland Academy, Ottawa University, the College of Emporia, Midland College at Atchison, Southwest Kansas College at Winfield, Fairmount College at Wichita, St. John's Lutheran College at Winfield, and many others, felt the impetus of this period.

277. Inauguration Ceremonies. On the 20th of January, 1887, occurred the second inauguration of Governor Martin. The ceremonies were attended by Governors Robinson, Carney, Osborn, Anthony and St. John. Governors Glick, Crawford and Harvey were absent.

The

278. Extension of Suffrage.-The Kansas Senate, on the 28th of January, 1887, and the House, on the 11th of February, passed the municipal suffrage bill, which conferred on women in Kansas at school, bond and municipal elections, the same right to vote possessed by men. bill received the signature of Governor Martin on the 14th of February. About 26,000 women voted at the following spring election, and Mrs. Medora Salter was elected Mayor of Argonia, perhaps the first woman in the world to hold the office.

,279. Labor Legislation.-The Legislature, which adjourned on the 5th of March, legislated in regard to the arbitration of labor controversies, limited the amount of bonds to be issued to railroads, and submitted two amendments to the State Constitution; one to strike out the word "white," and one "concerning the purchase, enjoyment and descent of property." Clifford C. Baker was elected State Printer.

280. Centre of Population. The centre of population of the State, which in 1865 was in the western part of Douglas County, was announced to be, in 1887, in the northwest part of Marion County.

In the year 1887, 812 schoolhouses were built in Kansas. 281. Mrs. Northrup's Gift. It was made known, through the Historical Society, that by a contribution of $1,000 by Mrs. Margaret Northrup, of Brooklyn, N. Y., a