temperance movement has acted, in a word, as the main check and drag on that development of drinking and the drink traffic which, but for its interposition, would have been terribly rapid and enormous. But to charge it with "failure" is one of the absurdities which it is difficult to believe are credited by those who coin them and add them to the current folly of the world. If it has failed to suppress the whole evil, it has done so because it has failed to be sufficiently supported, especially by those whose rank and influence would have given them the greatest power over social custom and the course of legislation. Yet how can the temperance system be blamed because such men failed to give it their valuable and necessary help? Is truth a failure because many are liars? or goodness, because many are base? or Christianity, because only a third of mankind are its nominal professors? or sobriety, because drunkenness is still extensive? Are sanitary laws failures because a fourth of those who die annually in our country are sacrificed by the neglect and violation of those laws? God demands human cooperation, in order to the full effect of his providential blessing; and where any evil is traceable-like this of intemperance-to man's own active wrong-doing, to expect its cessation until man ceases to do wrong is infatuation indeed. To go further than even this, and to ascribe the failure of relief to the system which urges man to forbear his wrong-doing, is to travesty every principle of common sense and common justice. Those who bring this charge will be fortunate if they can acquit themselves of contributing to the failure they discover, by withholding their own aid from the temperance reformation. Principles do not promulgate themselves, and movements are made up of co-operating minds; and those who censure either the one or the other for "failing" to do all that is needful, while they have been doing nothing to help or much to hinder, adopt the most conspicuous Appeals to Various Classes. 181 method of blazoning abroad their own unfaithfulness to the obligations they confess. What is practicable to each one and practicable at once is to withdraw all his example and influence from the drinking system, and to transfer it to the side of total abstinence; and, by doing this, he will both discharge his personal responsibility and render similar. conduct more easy (and, therefore, more circumstantially practicable) to some others. Parents, will you not take this step for your own benefit, and to enable you to train up your children more wisely in the way in which they should go, when they quit your roof to breast the storms and grapple with the trials of life? Ministers of religion, to you many look up—and not least the young-for an exemplary guidance and prudent. counsel; can you with a pure conscience recommend by your example the use of strong drink in preference to the total abstinence principle? Teachers of youth, whether in the Sunday-school or day-school, will you not unite "wholesome doctrine" and the influence of a consistent practice in a course which must affect your youthful charge for good or evil, as long as their life shall last? Medical practitioners, increase the honors of a noble profession by throwing your great social and scientific weight into the regimen which extends human life, and helps it to attain more fully its greatest ends. Journalists and men of letters, myriads regard your words as oracles; is it too much to ask that you should employ your commanding influence not to stereotype old errors and bad habits, but to stimulate enquiry, circulate truth, and emancipate your country from the thraldron in which the drinking system holds her? Philanthropists, add to your other works of benevolence this one, by which the value of the rest will be heightened and their permanence secured. Citizens and legislators, your patriotism must be judged by your devotion to your nation's highest interests. Give not to party what is meant for the nation. In this reform you can co-operate, with the assurance that all that is politically good will be furthered by it. Christians, your love of man, your concern for the advancement of religion, bring before you vividly the greatness of this duty and the glory of this privilege, by which you may at one and the same time assist in the reclamation of the lost and in defending the bodies and souls of men against the insidious enemy of both. Be not slack or weary in this species of well-doing: its reward is with it. Young men and maidens, to you the temperance reform presents itself as a refuge against the most destructive of vices; and on your entrance into active life it may be of the utmost consequence whether you avail yourself of its protection or reject it. By enjoying its benefits thus early, you will possess them more fully than is possible with persons of riper years, and you may hope to employ them in your turn to the greater advantage of those with whom you may form intimacies of pleasure, of business, and of affection. Reader, to you, be your position what it may, the counsel is affectionately and urgently given, to make the temperance reform your choice, and to promote it by every wise and worthy means. You will certainly find that, like "the quality of mercy," such influence as you can lend it will be Make the trial, and trust in God for the result. APPENDICES. --------- A. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN'S EXPERIENCE. "At my first admission into the printing-house (Palmer's, Bartholomew Close, London), I took to working at press, imagining I felt the want of the bodily exercise I had been used to in America, where presswork is mixed with the composing. I drank only water; the other men, near fifty in number, were great drinkers of beer. On one occasion I carried up and down stairs a large form of types in each hand, when others carried but one form in both hands. They wondered at this and several instances that the Water American, as they called me, was stronger than themselves who drank beer. We had an alehouse-boy, who attended always in the house to supply the workmen. My companion at the press drank every day a pint before breakfast, a pint at breakfast with his bread and cheese, a pint between breakfast and dinner, a pint at dinner, a pint in the afternoon about six o'clock, and another when he had done his day's work. I thought it a detestable custom; but it was necessary, he supposed, to drink strong beer that he might be strong to labor. I endeavored to convince him that the bodily strength afforded by beer could only be in proportion to the grain or flour of the barley dissolved in the water of which it was made; that there was more flour in a pennyworth of bread; and, therefore, that if he would eat that with a pint of water, it would give him more strength than a quart of beer. He D/ drank on, however, and had four or five shillings to pay out of his wages every Saturday night for that vile liquor-an expense I was free from. And thus these poor devils keep themselves under."-Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. This had respect to London workingmen's love of ale in 1725. A quarter of a century previously, De Foe, in his "True Born Englishman," writing of the same class, had said: "In English ale their dear enjoyment lies, For which they'll starve themselves and families.' The same superstition still prevails, and with the same disastrous fruits. B. WASTE IN THE PRODUCTION OF FERMENTED DRINKS. In the early stage of the temperance movement, Mr. Joseph Livesey, of Preston, rendered great service by the frequent delivery of a lecture on Malting and Brewing, This lecture, when printed, went through many editions, and Mr. Livesey has since enlarged and recombined the information there given.in his essay on Malt, Malt Liquor, Malt Tax, Beer, and Barley." Practical information of this kind is of great value, and if possessed by university scholars and writers for the press would prevent them speaking and writing the greatest nonsense on the nutritive properties of beer and ale. The process of perversion begins by steeping the barley in water for forty-eight hours, when it is taken out and laid in heaps upon a flagfloor; when it has germinated to a certain extent, it is spread to a depth of about six inches on the hot floor of the malt-kiln, and is there subjected to a uniform heat, by frequent raking and turning, for eight or nine days; thus necessitating a large amount of Sunday labor. What follows may be described in Mr. Livesey's words: "After crushing the malt, the next step is mashing. This consists, F |