CHAP. mity rushing violently upon him, should have recourse to all just expedients, united or separate: VII. 215. Let him consider the business to be expe'dited, the expedients collectively, and himself who must apply them; and, taking refuge completely in 'those three, let him strenuously labour for his own ' prosperity. 216. HAVING consulted with his ministers, in the 'manner before prescribed, on all this mass of publick affairs; having used exercise becoming a warriour, ' and having bathed after it, let the king enter at noon his private apartment for the purpose of taking food. 6 217. There let him eat lawful aliment, prepared by servants attached to his person, who know the dif'ference of times and are incapable of perfidy, after it has been proved innocent by certain experiments, and hallowed by texts of the Véda repulsive of poison. 218. Together with all his food let him swallow 'such medical substances as resist venom; and let him constantly wear with attention such gems, as are known to repel it. 219. Let his females, well tried and attentive, their dress and ornaments having been examined, lest some weapon should be concealed in them, do him humble 'service with fans, water, and perfumes: 220. Thus let him take diligent care, when he goes goes out in a carriage or on horseback, when he CHAP. ' when he bathes, anoints his body with odorous es- 221. After eating, let him divert himself with his 222. When he has dressed himself completely, let weapons. 223. At sunset, having performed his religious duty, 'let him privately, but well armed, in his interior apartment, hear what has been done by his reporters and emissaries : 6 224. Then, having dismissed those informers, and returning to another secret chamber, let him go, ' attended by women, to the inmost recess of his mansion for the sake of his evening meal; 225. There, having a second time eaten a little, ' and having been recreated with musical strains, let ' him take rest early, and rise refreshed from his labour. 226. THIS perfect system of rules let a king, free 'from illness, observe; but, when really afflicted with 'disease, he may intrust all these affairs to his of 'ficers.' VII. CHAP. VIII. On Judicature; and on Law, Private and Criminal. CHAP. VIII. 1. A KING, desirous of inspecting judicial proceedings, must enter his court of justice, composed and 'sedate in his demeanour, together with Brahmens ' and counsellors, who know how to give him advice: 2. There, either sitting or standing, holding forth his right arm, without ostentation in his dress and ornaments, let him examine the affairs of litigant parties. 3. Each day let him decide causes, one after another, under the eighteen principal titles of law, by arguments and rules drawn from local usages, and 'from written codes: 4. Of those titles, the first is debt, on loans for 'consumption; the second, deposits, and loans for use; the third, sale without ownership; the fourth, concerns among partners; the fifth, subtraction of what has 'been given; 5. The sixth, non-payment of wages or hire; the seventh, non-performance of agreements; the eighth, ' rescission of sale and purchase; the ninth, disputes between master and servant; 6. The tenth, contests on boundaries; the eleventh ' and 6 VIII. and twelfth, assault and slander; the thirteenth, lar- CHAP. ceny; the fourteenth, robbery and other violence; the fifteenth, adultery; 7. The sixteenth, altercation between man and wife, and their several duties; the seventeenth, the ' law of inheritance; the eighteenth, gaming with dice ' and with living creatures: these eighteen titles of law are settled as the ground-work of all judicial pro'cedure in this world. 8. 6 Among men, who contend for the most part on the titles just mentioned, and on a few miscellaneous heads not comprised under them, let the king decide causes justly, observing primeval law; 9. But, when he cannot inspect such affairs in per son, let him appoint, for the inspection of them, a · Bráhmen of eminent learning : 10. Let that chief judge, accompanied by three assessors, fully consider all causes brought before the king; and, having entered the court-room, let him sit or stand, but not move backwards and forwards. 11. In whatever country three Bráhmens, particularly 'skilled in the three several Vedas, sit together with 'the very learned Bráhmen appointed by the king, the wise call that assembly the court of BRAHMA wit four faces. 6 12. WHEN justice, having been wounded by iniquity, approaches the court, and the judges extract not the dart, they also shall be wounded by it. CHAP. VIII. 6 13. Either the court must not be entered by judges, parties, and witnesses, or law and truth must be openly declared that man is criminal, who either says nothing, or says what is false or unjust. 14. Where justice is destroyed by iniquity, and 'truth by false evidence, the judges, who basely look on without giving redress, shall also be destroyed. 15. Justice being destroyed, will destroy; being preserved, will preserve: it must never, therefore, be violated. "Beware, O judge, lest justice, being ' overturned, overturn both us and thyself." 16. The divine form of justice is represented as Vrisha, or a bull, and the gods consider him, who 'violates justice, as a Vrishala, or one who slays a 'bull: let the king, therefore, and his judges beware of violating justice. 17. The only firm friend, who follows men even ' after death, is justice: all others are extinct with 'the body. 6 18. Of injustice in decisions, one quarter falls on the party in the cause; one quarter, on his witnesses; one quarter, on all the judges; and one quarter on • the king; 19. But where he, who deserves condemnation, shall ' be condemned, the king is guiltless, and the judges free from blaine: an evil deed shall recoil on him, 'who committed it. 20. A Bráh |