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stituted; saving, however, to the State of Alaska the right to serve civil or criminal process within the limits of the aforesaid park in suits or prosecutions for or on account of rights acquired, obligations incurred, or crimes committed in said State, but outside of said park; and saving further to the said State the right to tax persons and corporations, their franchises and property on the lands included in said park; and saving also to the persons residing now or hereafter in such area the right to vote at all elections held within the respective political subdivisions of their residence in which the park is situated.

(b) Notwithstanding the admission of the State of Alaska into the Union, authority is reserved in the United States, subject to the proviso hereinafter set forth, for the exercise by the Congress of the United States of the power of exclusive legislation, as provided by article I, section 8, clause 17, of the Constitution of the United States, in all cases whatsoever over such tracts or parcels of land as, immediately prior to the admission of said State, are owned by the United States and held for military, naval, air force, or coast guard purposes, whether such lands were acquired by cession and transfer to the United States by Russia and set aside by Act of Congress of by Executive order or proclamation of the President or the Governor of Alaska for the use of the United States, or were acquired by the United States by purchase, condemnation, donation, exchange, or otherwise: Provided, (i) That the State of Alaska shall always have the right to serve civil or criminal process within the said tracts or parcels of land in suits or prosecutions for or on account of rights acquired, obligations incurred, or crimes committed within the said State but outside of the said tracts or parcels of land; (ii) that the reservation of authority in the United States for the exercise by the Congress of the United States of the power of exclusive legislation over the lands aforesaid shall not operate to prevent such lands from being a part of the State of Alaska, or to prevent the said State from exercising over or upon such lands, concurrently with the United States, any jurisdiction whatsoever which it would have in the absence of such reservation of authority and which is consistent with the laws hereafter enacted by the Congress pursuant to such reservation of authority; and (iii) that such power of exclusive legislation shall rest and remain in the United States only so long as the particular tract or parcel of land involved is owned by the United States and used for military, naval, air force, or coast guard purposes.

SEC. 211. Effective upon the admission of Alaska into the Union

(a) The analysis of chapter 5 of title 28, United States Code. immediately preceding section 81 of such title, is amended by inserting immediately after and underneath item 81 of such analysis, a new item to be designated as item 81A and to read as follows:

"81A. Alaska";

(b) Title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting immediately after section 81 thereof a new section, to be designated as section 81A, and to read as follows:

"§ 81A. Alaska

"Alaska constitutes one judicial district.

"Court shall be held at Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau, and Nome.";

(c) Section 133 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting in the table of districts and judges in such section immediately above the item: "Arizona *** 2", a new item as follows: "Alaska *** 1";

(d) The first paragraph of section 373 of title 28, United States Code, as heretofore amended, is further amended by striking out the words: "the District Court for the Territory of Alaska,": Provided, That the amendment made by this subsection shall not affect the rights of any judge who may have retired before it takes effect:

(e) The words "the District Court for the Territory of Alaska," are stricken out wherever they appear in sections 460, 610, 753, 1252, 1291, 1292, and 1346 of title 28, United States Code:

(f) The first paragraph of section 1252 of title 28, United States Code, is further amended by striking out the word "Alaska," from the clause relating to courts of record;

(g) Subsection (2) of section 1294 of title 28, United States Code, is repealed and the later subsections of such section are renumbered accordingly;

(h) Subsection (a) of section 2410 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by striking out the words: "including the District Court for the Territory of Alaska,";

(i) Section 3241 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking out the words: "District Court for the Territory of Alaska, the";

(j) Subsection (e) of section 3401 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking out the words: "for Alaska or";

(k) Section 3771 of title 18, United States Code, as heretofore amended, is further amended by striking out from the first paragraph of such section the words: "the Territory of Alaska,";

(1) Section 3772 of title 18, United States Code, as heretofore amended, is further amended by striking out from the first paragraph of such section the words: "the Territory of Alaska,"; and

(m) Section 2072 of title 28, United States Code, as heretofore amended, is further amended by striking out from the first paragraph of such section the words: and of the District Court for the Territory of Alaska”.

SEC. 212. No writ, action, indictment, cause, or proceeding pending in the District Court for the Territory of Alaska on the date when said Territory shall become a State, and no case pending in an appellate court upon appeal from the District Court for the Territory of Alaska at the time said Territory shall become a State, shall abate by the admission of the State of Alaska into the Union, but the same shall be transferred and proceeded with as hereinafter provided.

All civil causes of action and all criminal offenses which shall have arisen or been committed prior to the admission of said State, but as to which no suit, action, or prosecution shall be pending at the date of such admission, shall be subject to prosecution in the appropriate State courts or in the United States District Court for the District of Alaska in like manner, to the same extent, and with like right of appellate review, as if said State had been created and said courts had been established prior to the accrual of said causes of action or the commission of such offenses; and such of said criminal offenses as shall have been committed against the laws of the Territory shall be tried and punished by the appropriate courts of said State, and such as shall have been committed against the laws of the United States shall be tried and punished in the United States District Court for the District of Alaska.

SEC. 213. All appeals taken from the District Court for the Territory of Alaska to the Supreme Court of the United States or the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, previous to the admission of Alaska as a State, shall be prosecuted to final determination as though this Act had not been passed. All cases in which final judgment has been rendered in such district court, and in which appeals might be had except for the admission of such State, may still be sued out, taken, and prosecuted to the Supreme Court of the United States or the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit under the provisions of then existing law, and there held and determined in like manner; and in either case, the Supreme Court of the United States, or the United States Court of Appeals, in the event of reversal, shall remand the said cause to either the State supreme court or other final appellate court of said State, or the United States district court for said district, as the case may require: Provided, That the time allowed by existing law for appeals from the district court for said Territory shall not be enlarged thereby.

SEC. 214. All causes pending in the District Court for the Territory of Alaska at the time of the admission of Alaska as a State which are of such nature as to be within the jurisdiction of a district court of the United States shall be transferred to the United States District Court for the District of Alaska for final disposition. All other causes pending in the District Court for the Territory of Alaska at the time of the admission of Alaska as a State shall be transferred to the appropriate State court of Alaska. All final judgments and decrees rendered upon such transferred cases in the United States District Court for the District of Alaska may be reviewed by the Supreme Court of the United States or by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in the same manner as is now provided by law with reference to the judgments and decrees in existing United States district courts.

SEC. 215. Jurisdiction of all cases pending or determined in the District Court for the Territory of Alaska not transferred to the United States District Court for the District of Alaska shall devolve upon and be exercised by the courts of original jurisdiction created by said State, which shall be deemed to be the successor of the District Court for the Territory of Alaska with respect to cases not so transferred and, as such, shall take and retain custody of all records, dockets, journals, and files of such court pertaining to such cases. The files and papers in all cases so transferred to the United States district court, together with a transcript of all book entries to complete the record in such particular cases so transferred, shall be in like manner transferred to said district court.

SEC. 216. All cases pending in the District Court for the Territory of Alaska at the time said Territory becomes a State not transferred to the United States

District Court for the District of Alaska shall be proceeded with and determined by the courts created by said State with the right to prosecute appeals to the appellate courts created by said State, and also with the same right to prosecute appeals or writs of certiorari from the final determination in said causes made by the court of last resort created by such State to the Supreme Court of the United States, as now provided by law for appeals and writs of certiorari from the court of last resort of a State to the Supreme Court of the United States.

SEC. 217. The first paragraph of section 2 of the Federal Reserve Act (38 Stat. 251) is amended by striking out the last sentence thereof and inserting in lieu of such sentence the following: "When any State is hereafter admitted to the Union the Federal Reserve districts shall be readjusted by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in such manner as to include such State. Every national bank in any State shall, upon commencing business or within ninety days after admission into the Union of the State in which it is located, become a member bank of the Federal Reserve System by subscribing and paying for stock in the Federal Reserve bank of its district in accordance with the provisions of this Act and shall thereupon be an insured bank under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, and failure to do so shall subject such bank to the penalty provided by the sixth paragraph of this section."

SEC. 218. Section 2 of the Act of October 20, 1914 (38 Stat. 742; 48 U. S. C., sec. 433), is hereby repealed.

SEC. 219. (a) No area of land in Alaska shall be designated hereafter as an Indian reservation pursuant to section 2 of the Act of May 1, 1936 (49 Stat. 1250). (b) The Secretary of the Interior is authorized, upon application, to issue patents to the appropriate native tribes and villages or individuals for any lands in Alaska that have been in their possession and actually in their use or occupation, for a period of not less than three years immediately prior to the effective date of this Act, for towns, villages, building sites, cultivated fields or gardens, hunting or fishing camps, dock or landing sites, business sites, meeting places, missionary stations, burial grounds, or other like purposes.

SEC. 220. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated out of any money in the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated, to the State of Alaska the sum of $15,000,000 to be used for the following purposes: Construction and improvement of harbors, and State surveys of land granted to the State of Alaska under this Act.

SEC. 221. (a) The State of Alaska shall be entitled to share in authorized or appropriated funds that may hereafter become available for apportionment under the Federal Air Road Act approved July 11, 1916 (39 Stat. 355), as amended and supplemented, upon the same terms and conditions as any of the several States and the State of Alaska shall be included in the calculations to determine the basis of apportionment of such funds: Provided, That for a period of fifteen years after the admission of Alaska into the Union, the maximum Federal share payable on account of any project constructed under this section in the State of Alaska shall be calculated, in accordance with section 11 of the Federal Highway Act, approved November 9, 1921 (42 Stat. 212), as amended and supplemented, on the basis of the areas of unappropriated and unreserved public lands and nontaxable Indian lands, individual and tribal, existing in Alaska on the date of approval of this Act and such share shall continue on the same basis irrespective of any change in such areas during the fifteen-year period.

(b) In addition to all other sums heretofore authorized to be appropriated for the construction of roads in Alaska, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the construction of roads in Alaska after the date of admission of Alaska to the Union, the following sums:

(1) $17,000,000 for the first fiscal year beginning after such date, (2) $13,000,000 for the second fiscal year beginning after such date, (3) $9,000,000 for the third fiscal year beginning after such date, (4) $5,000,000 for the fourth fiscal year beginning after such date, (5) $3,000,000 for the fifth fiscal year beginning after such date, and (6) $1,000,000 for the sixth fiscal year beginning after such date. (c) In addition to all other sums heretofore authorized to be appropriated for the maintenance of roads in Alaska, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the maintenance of roads in Alaska after the date of the admission of Alaska to the Union, the sum of $3,000,000 for each of the first five fiscal years beginning after such date, the sum of $2,000,000 for each of the second five fiscal years beginning after such date, and the sum of $1,000,000 for each of the third five fiscal years beginning after such date.

(d) All roads and trails and rights-of-way for roads and trails situated in the Territory of Alaska which on the date of the admission of Alaska into the Union are owned by the United States and administered by the Alaska Road Commission, and all real and personal property of the United States situated in the Territory of Alaska which is specifically used by the Alaska Road Commission for the sole purpose of construction and maintenance of roads and trails in Alaska shall be transferred and conveyed to the State of Alaska by the appropriate Fe'eral agency.

SEC. 222. All Acts or parts of Acts in conflict with the provisions of this Act, whether passed by the legislature of said Territory or by Congress, are hereby repealed.

Senator JACKSON. This hearing today is the 17th or 18th hearing the Congress has held on this issue in the past 20 years. I am informed that something like 2 million words of testimony and exhibits are in the record. Less than 10 months ago the Senate of the United States debated measures identical to the provisions of S. 49 over a period of 4 weeks.

As is well known, the Senate, on April 1, 1954, overwhelmingly approved the combined statehood measure, but no action was taken in the House of Representatives.

I will direct that a brief summary of the congressional hearings on statehood prepared for Chairman Murray by our committee counsel, Stewart French, appear in the printed record of the hearings and that the hearings and debate in the 83d Congress be incorporated into these hearings by reference. "Incorporated by reference" means that the material incorporated will be officially before the committee and the Congress, but will not, of course, be reprinted. (Mr. French's summary follows:)

MEMORANDUM

To: Senator James E. Murray, chairman.
Subject: Statehood hearings.

From: Stewart French, committee counsel.

JANUARY 29, 1955.

Within the past 9 months, the Senate has thoroughly considered statehood bills with provisions identical to those in S. 49. The floor debate on S. 49 and S. 50, 83d Congress, extended over the period from March 4 to April 1, 1954. The Senate overwhelmingly approved, by a vote of 57 to 28, the then combined bill.

In every respect except the reference to dates in 1954, this year's bill is identical to the measure that was debated, amended, and passed by the Senate on April 1 last year. Thus, all Members of the Senate who were in Congress in the 83d Congress are thoroughly familiar with each and every provision of S. 49.

Our committee in the last Congress held some 34 days of hearings on statehood in Washington and in Alaska. In addition, at least three Members visited Hawaii and held informal hearings there.

Healings on statehood for Hawaii extend back for 20 years, when a House subcommittee of the 74th Congress held 12 days of hearings in the islands. During the intervening 2 decades 15 more congressional hearings on Hawaii, making a total of 16, have been held. Six of these have been in aHwaii, 10 in Washington, with more than 800 witnesses heard.

As to Alaska, statehood legislation was first introduced in 1916. In 1948 hearings were held in both Alaska and Washignton by the House group. In 1950 our committee held extensive hearings in Washington, and as pointed out, in the summer of 1953 the committee again visited Alaska.

All told, some 30 volumes of published hearings on statehood for Hawaii and Alaska are available, comprising more than 2 million words of printed testimony and exhibits.

On the other hand, on February 27, 1952, the Alaska statehood bill of the 82d Congress, S. 50, was recommitted by a margin of one vote on the Smathers resolution that the committee "be instructed to hold hearings."

(COMMITTEE NOTE.-A more detailed summary is set forth in the appendix.)

Senator JACKSON. Today we are endeavoring to approach this old matter of statehood hearings in a new way. Recognizing that almost every relevant fact has been put into the record, we are endeavoring to limit testimony, so far as possible, to spokesmen for the executive agencies of the Federal Government who are directly concerned with Hawaii and Alaska, to the elected representatives of the people of the Territories, and to other persons who have not previously testified, but who may have new or supplemental facts that would be of help to the committee in reaching a determination on the bill.

We feel it is greatly in the public interest that the Senators of the committee should not be required to spend their time listening to merely repetitious or cumulative evidence, and the public money should not be spent in printing such material.

However, having made the foregoing policy statement, I want to stress the fact that we are not imposing a gag rule in any way and we do not want to deprive any interested citizen who has any new information that might be of help to the committee of the right to be heard. But the committee necessarily reserves the right to decline to hear any witnesses and to request statements to be submitted to it in writing. This hearing today has another novel aspect. Heretofore, the executive agencies of the Federal Government have unvaryingly supported both Hawaii and Alaska for statehood. I wish to call attention to the reports appearing in the records of the 81st and 82d Congresses. Last year in the 83d Congress, the executive branch refused to comply with our repeated requests for reports on Alaska, but those agencies did support Hawaii.

We have before us reports from the Departments of State and Defense expressing somewhat divergent points of view. The State Department supports admission of both Territories as serving: "to support American foreign policy and strengthen the position of the United States in international relations."

The Department of Defense: "sees no objection to Hawaiian statehood" but "believes it would be in the interest of national security that Alaska remain a Federal territory for the present."

I will direct that the reports of the State and Defense Departments, together with comments on specific points of the bill, appear in the printed record of the hearings, along with the committee's request to the Defense Department for a full explanation of its adverse position. (The reports to which reference is made are as follows:)

Hon. JAMES E. MURRAY,

DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, February 4, 1955.

Chairman, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs,

United States Senate.

DEAR SENATOR MURRAY: This report is in reply to your letter of January 21, 1955, asking for the Department's comment on S. 49, enabling Alaska and Hawaii to become States of the United States.

In your letters you state that the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs is desirous of obtaining from the Department of State a clear statement to the effect, if any, the admission of these two Territories as States would have upon our foreign relations. It is this Department's view that such action would serve to support American foreign policy and strengthen the position of the United States in international relations. This is especially true with respect to our participation in the United Nations.

You will recall that under chapter XI of the United Nations Charter the United States and other members of the United Nations have undertaken to develop self-government in non-self-governing territories under thier adminis

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