Executive Officer.

regulations, are so disposed that all persons may readily refer to them for information.

407....He shall examine the vessel daily, and report to the Commander the result of his inspection.

408....He shall never absent himself from the vessel without the permission of the Commanding officer; nor will he ever leave her in the absence of the Commanding Officer, except on urgent public duty.

409....He shall not be required to keep a watch, unless circumstances, in the judgment of the Commander of the vessel, should render it necessary.

410....When the Commander of the vessel is not on deck, he may advise and direct the officer of the deck in the working and management of the ship; and if, in his judgment, circumstances should make it necessary, he may take charge of the deck, stating his reasons for so doing to the Commander.

411....He will exercise authority over all officers, and see that they vigilantly perform their duties, and that they conform to all orders for securing uniformity in the mode of executing them.

412.... He shall inform himself of the capacity of each man on board, and of the stations they may have previously filled, that he may station them to the best advantage.

413....In case of fire, or any other occurrence that may place the ship in danger, he shall exert himself to maintain order; and if it should become necessary to abandon the vessel, he shall, under the direction of the Commanding Officer, see that the sick and wounded are first cared for.

414....Whenever all hands are called for any particular duty, exercise, or evolution, he shall take charge of the deck.

415....He shall require from the Boatswain, Gunner, Carpenter, and Sailmaker, reports of the state of the vessel in their respective departments, at eight o'clock in the evening, and at morning quarters.

416....He shall, at eight o'clock in the evening, report the condition of the vessel to the Commander, and receive any orders he may have for him.

417....He shall immediately report to the Commander any defect

Executive Officer.

or deficiency that may come to his knowledge, and which may in any manner endanger the safety or impair the efficiency of the vessel.

418....He is to correct, as far as his power extends, all abuses; and if he observes, or has knowledge of, any violation of the Laws and Regulations for the government of the Navy on the part of any person whomsoever, he is not to exercise any discretion in the matter, but to make immediate report to the Commander.

419....He shall, under the direction of the Commander, control the expenditure of all stores in charge of the yeoman, and examine weekly the reports of receipts and expenditures; and, upon being satisfied of their correctness, will approve and send them to the Commander.

420....Whenever the magazine is to be opened for receiving or discharging powder, he shall see, in person, that all the prescribed precautions against accidents are rigidly observed.

421....In the absence of the Commander, he is to act in his stead, but is not to alter or change any of his regulations.

422... He shall cause a convenient locker to be prepared, in which the keys of the holds and all storerooms shall be hung up, except those which the Ordnance Instructions require to be kept in the charge of the Commander of the vessel; it shall be his duty to see that all such keys are hung up at sunset, and that they are not taken away during the night without his knowledge, and that the keys of no storeroom are ever taken out of the ship.

423....He shall keep at hand a breaker of water, and a supply of provisions sufficient for the support of the crew of each quarter-boat for one week, which will be placed in the boat whenever there is a probability of separation from the ship, by fog or otherwise. The boat sails shall be kept in readiness for immediate use. If it shall be necessary to send a boat from the ship at sea, he shall be careful that she is provided with a compass.

424....He shall, when the number of officers will permit, assign one to each boat, whose duty it shall be to command the boat when required for special service, and who will be responsible that the arms, equipments, and crew, are in order and ready for service.

425.... He will keep a correct muster-roll of the crew, and a descriptive list, and he will have charge of the liberty and conduct books. He will superintend the messing of the crew, and in case of any changes

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Lieutenants, Masters, and Ensigns.

involving the issue of provisions, he will cause the Paymaster to be duly informed.

426....He will see that the officers keep correct copies of the watch, quarter, fire and station bills; that the officers of divisions keep correct clothes-lists of the men under their command; and that they instruct them faithfully in their duties.

427..........If from any cause he should be rendered incapable of performing his duties, they will devolve upon the Line Officer next below him in rank.

SECTION 8.

Lieutenants, Masters, and Ensigns.

428....Lieutenants, Masters, and Ensigns, are the Watch and Division Officers.

429. They will punctually and zealously execute all orders they may receive from their Commanding or other Superior Officer, and, as far as in their power, see that all on board, who are subordinate to them perform with diligence and propriety the several duties assigned them. They are to be attentive to the conduct of the ship's company; to prevent all profane, abusive, and improper language, all disturbance, noise and confusion; and to report to the Executive Officer those whose misconduct they may think deserving of punishment. They will conform to the manner of performing duty adopted by the Executive Officer.

430....On taking charge of a watch, an Officer is to make himself well acquainted with the position of the vessel with reference to all other vessels in sight, and to any land or danger that may be near, and with all orders that remain unexecuted. He shall hold no conversation with any one, except on duty, nor engage in any occupation which may distract his attention. He is to see that the men on deck are kept on the alert and attentive to their duty; that the look-outs are kept at their several stations and are obviously vigilant; that each sail set is kept properly spread and trimmed; and every precaution is observed to prevent accidents from squalls. Throughout his watch he is to be careful that the vessel is properly and duly steered; that a correct

Lieutenants, Masters, and Ensigns.

account is kept of her way and leeway; and that the courses and distances, together with every occurrence of importance and interest, and accident resulting in loss of any kind, are plainly and legibly entered on the deck-log, which log he is to sign at the conclusion of his remarks, with his initials, on the termination of his watch.

431...He is to see that the subordinate officers of the watch are in their stations and attentive to their duties, and that they muster the men on deck when the other men are relieved from it, and as often afterwards as he may judge necessary.

432.... He is to be careful, at night, that the required lights are kept burning and are properly trimmed, and, in fogs, that the required signals are sounded. In approaching and passing vessels he is to be governed by the regulations for preventing collisions.

433....He is promptly to inform the Commanding Officer of all strange vessels that may be discovered; of any land, shoal, rock, or danger that may be made; of all changes of wind or weather; of all alterations of canvas or steam by the Commanding Officer of the squadron or division to which the vessel may belong; and, generally, of all occurrences worthy of notice.

434....He is never, on his own authority, to carry sail or steam so as to endanger spars or machinery; nor, when the Commanding Officer is on deck, is he ever to alter either without first consulting him.

435....He is never to change the given course without orders from the Commanding Officer, unless it may be necessary to do so to avoid danger, and then he shall report to him without delay.

436....On the discovery of a strange sail at night, or in a fog, during war, he is, besides sending at once to inform the Commanding Officer of the fact, to have made immediately every preparation for action that circumstances will allow.

437....At night he is to take care that the Master-at-Arms, ship's Corporal, or non-commissioned officer of marines detailed for the purpose, on watch, is particular in going the rounds and visiting every accessible part of the vessel below the spar deck, every half hour, in order to see that no irregularities are occurring among the crew; that all prisoners are safe and in their places; that no improper lights are burning; that no smoking after hours is taking place; and reporting

Lieutenants, Masters, and Ensigns.

to him accordingly. He will also take care that an officer of the watch go the same rounds at least as often as twice during his watch. And besides, he is to cause the pumps to be sounded twice, or oftener, during his watch, and a Gunner's Mate or Quarter Gunner to examine the security of the battery as frequently, and have the reports with regard to both examinations made to him.

438....He is not to make any signal without orders from the Commander, unless to warn vessels of some danger; but he will see that everything is in readiness to make them by day or by night.

439....He shall always have his side-arms either on the person or at hand; a trumpet shall be carried at sea, and a spy-glass in port. During wet weather he may wear a water-proof coat and cap.

440....He shall give his attention that all officers, or others, coming on board or leaving the ship, shall receive the marks of respect to which they are entitled.

441....No boat is to be allowed to leave the ship or come alongside without the knowledge of the Officer of the Deck. When boats or tenders come alongside with provisions, water, or stores of any kind, he is to see them cleared without delay, and that no prohibited articles are brought on board; and that all articles which may be ordered to be sent out of the vessel are carefully and properly put on board the vessel or boats which are directed to receive them.

442.... When boats leave the ship he shall be particular to see that they have their proper crews, suitably clothed, and that no man not belonging to a boat shall take the place of one who does, without the authority of the Executive Officer.

443....He shall take care that a strict and accurate account is taken of all stores received on board, or sent from the vessel during his watch,` and see that those which are received are delivered in charge of the proper officer, and that the number or quantity received or sent from the vessel is correctly entered on the log-slate.

444....He shall never cause the engines of a steam vessel to be stopped, without first slowing them, nor to be worked at full speed until the vessel has first gathered way, except in cases of great emergency.

445....He will see the conductors, life-buoys, heaving lines, and