Military Honors, Ceremonies, and Salutes.

boats without any pendants are to toss their oars, or lower their sails. In both cases officers in them are to salute by raising their caps. In the case of two boats meeting or passing, each with the same insignia of a Commanding Officer, the junior officer in rank or seniority is first to salute the other by raising his cap. Officers in boats meeting or passing their own immediate Commander in a boat with his pendant flying, are to salute him by lying on their oars, or letting fly their sheets and raising their caps; and in passing each other the salute of raising the cap is always to be mutually made, but first by the junior in rank or seniority. All officers inferior in grade to the Commanding Officer of another vessel than the one to which they belong, are, on passing him in a boat with his pendant flying, to lie on their oars, or let fly their sheets, and raise their caps; if equal in grade, but junior in seniority, they will salute by raising their caps. All juniors, though wearing a pendant, will first salute their seniors not in command by raising their caps, except the Commander of a vessel on passing one of the boats belonging to his own vessel, which will always salute as provided for above, even if a senior be a passenger in it. Cockswains steering boats are, whenever Commissioned Officers are saluted, to stand up and raise their caps; and whenever Warrant Officers are saluted, they are to raise their caps only. The officer and Cockswain of loaded boats, or of boats engaged in towing, shall salute a boat with the flag of a Rear-Admiral, or the broad pendant of a Commodore, by standing and raising their caps. On passing boats with a narrow pendant, or with Commissioned Officers on board, the Cockswain shall stand, and both he and the officer shall raise their caps. Boats containing superiors of other grades shall be saluted as already provided for. When boats are rowing in the same direction, an inferior is not to pass his superior in grade, unless he be on urgent duty, or authorized by the superior. When boats are pursuing opposite directions, the rule of the road, to prevent fouling, is that both should put their helms to port, circumstances permitting. When boats are approaching the same landing or vessel, an inferior is always to yield the way to a superior in grade. Boats about leaving the ship's side with inferiors are to give way in ample season to others approaching it with superiors. No boat is ever to be permitted to remain unnecessarily at a landing or gangway, or to

Military Honors, Ceremonies, and Salutes ....Funeral Honors.

be moored at the booms so as to interfere with boats coming to or leaving the gangway.

110....A sentinel at a gangway is to present arms to all officers coming on board or leaving the vessel, of and above the rank of Lieutenant Commander, and to carry arms to all other Commissioned Officers; but neither this ceremony, nor that of piping the side, is to take place except during the hours when the colors should be displayed. And, after tattoo, all side lights but one may be dispensed with, except in the case of a visit or departure of a foreign officer.

111....All inferiors, in passing a superior, either afloat or on shore, or in addressing him on duty, shall raise their caps, and superiors are strictly enjoined to return such salutes in the same way. The fact that an officer is not on duty, nor in uniform, shall not be regarded as an excuse for any act of disrespect or omission of naval courtesy on the part of an officer towards a superior whose rank he knows. No personal feelings are to be allowed to interfere with official courtesy, or pleaded as an excuse for its neglect. All persons having occasion to address the Executive Officer, or the Officer of the Deck, on matters of duty, shall always raise their caps.

112....Every officer, or man, on reaching the quarter-deck, either from a boat or below, or on leaving it to go over the side, is to salute it by raising his cap, and this is to be acknowledged in return, and in the same way, by all the officers of the watch at hand.

113....On board vessels having an accommodation ladder shipped at each gangway, the starboard gangway is to be reserved for the use of the cabin and wardroom officers and their visitors; the port gangway for all others. When one accommodation ladder only is shipped, it is to be used indiscriminately by all officers.

114....Officers and men are not to omit, on any occasion, to extend to officers of the Army of the United States, and to all foreign officers, the courtesy and mark of respect due to their rank, when passing in boats or meeting on shore.

SECTION 2.

Funeral Honors.

115....On the receipt of official intelligence of the death of the President of the United States, the senior officer present shall, on the

Funeral Honors.

following day, cause the ensign of each vessel under his authority to be hoisted at half-mast from sunrise to sunset, and a gun to be fired by his vessel every half hour, beginning at sunrise and ending at sunset. At naval stations the same ceremonies are to be observed.

116...On the death of a Commander of a fleet, squadron, or division, occurring at sea, the ensigns of all the vessels present, and the distinctive flag of command which he wore, shall be hoisted halfmast during the performance of the funeral ceremony, and on committing the body to the deep, the flag-ship shall fire as many minute guns as he was entitled to receive for a salute when alive, and finally, haul down his flag at the last one of these guns. If occurring in port, the ensigns and distinctive flag mentioned shall be hoisted half-mast during each day from that of his decease until sunset of the one on which the funeral service is performed, and, on sending the body to the shore, the number of minute guns indicated above is to be fired. The escort will fire three volleys of musketry over the grave.

117...On the death of a Commodore, or any other officer commanding a vessel, occurring at sea, the ensigns of all the vessels present, and the pendant of the vessel he commanded, shall be hoisted half-mast during the performance of the funeral ceremony; and on committing the body to the deep, the vessel he commanded shall fire as many minute guns as he was entitled to receive from his superior as a return salute when alive. If occurring in port, the pendant of the vessel he commanded shall be hoisted half-mast during each day from that of his decease until sunset of the one on which the funeral service is performed; and, on sending the body to the shore, all the vessels present are to half-mast their ensigns until sunset, and the number of minute guns indicated is to be fired. The escort will fire three volleys of musketry over the grave.

118....On the death of a Commissioned Officer, other than those already mentioned, occurring at sea, the ensigns of all the vessels present shall be hoisted half-mast during the performance of the funeral service; and, if occurring in port, said ensigns are to be so hoisted during the time that the body is being conveyed to the shore, and until the return of the funeral escort to the ship. In either case, after

Funeral Honors.

the funeral services three volleys of musketry are to be fired by the full marine guard.

119...On the death of a Warrant Officer the ensigns of all the vessels present shall be hoisted half-mast during the performance of the funeral service when at sea, and, when in port, during the time that the body is being conveyed to the shore, and for one hour afterwards. In either case, three volleys of musketry are to be fired by a sergeant's guard of fourteen men.

not to be If a Com

120....On the death of a Staff Officer the same funeral honors are to be observed as those prescribed for a Line Officer of the same rank, except that the distinctive flag or pendant of the vessel is hoisted half-mast, and that no minute guns are to be fired. missioned Officer, three volleys of musketry are to be fired marine guard.

by the full

121...On the death of a Petty Officer, or other person of inferior rating, the ensigns of all vessels present shall be hoisted half-mast during the performance of the funeral service when at sea, and when in port, during the time that the body is being conveyed to the shore. In either case, three volleys of musketry are to be fired by a corporal's guard, consisting of ten men in the case of a Petty Officer, and of eight men in that of a person of inferior rating.

122....On the death of an officer, non-commissioned officer, or private of the Marine Corps, the funeral honors are to be regulated by his relative rank. In no such case are ships to half-mast their distinctive flags, or pendants, or to fire minute guns.

123....On the death of any officer, or other person belonging to the Navy, on shore, he will be entitled to the same funeral honors, so far as circumstances will admit, as though he had died on duty at As a recognition of distinguished services, the Secretary of the Navy will, in all cases, order such additional honors as in his judgment may seem appropriate.

sea.

124....No vessel of a squadron other than that of the senior officer present, is ever to half-mast her colors until permission to do so has been obtained; but whenever the vessel of the senior officer present has her colors at half-mast, all other vessels in sight are to follow motions.

125....Funeral honors are not to be paid before the rising nor after the setting of the sun.

Distinctive Flags of Officers.

SECTION 3.

Distinctive Flags of Officers.

126....The flag of a Rear-Admiral is to be rectangular, plain and blue; and it is to be worn at the mizzen. But if two or more RearAdmirals in command afloat should meet, or be in the presence of each other, the senior only is to wear the flag of blue, the next in seniority is to wear it of red, and the other or others to wear it of white.

127....No officer is to hoist a broad pendant except in command of a separate squadron, and by the authority of the Secretary of the Navy, and one so authorized is not to strike it until duly ordered, except on meeting with an officer of a different squadron or commanding a station, senior or superior to himself, wearing a narrow pendant. When two or more officers entitled to wear broad pendants shall meet, or be in the presence of each other, the senior or superior in rank shall wear one of blue, the next in rank one of red, and the other or others to wear it of white.

128....A Rear-Admiral, or any officer wearing a flag or broad pendant, commanding a fleet, squadron or division, may shift his flag or pendant from one vessel to another of those under his command, informing the Secretary of the Navy-or in case of a Divisional Commander, the Commander of the fleet or squadron-of the fact, and of the reasons which governed him, by the earliest opportunity.

129....A divisional mark and the mark of a senior officer present are both to be triangular in shape, with a middle part of a different color from the rest, in the form of a wedge, the base occupying onethird the whole hoist or head, and the point extending to the extremity of the fly. For a first division it is to be blue, white, blue; for a second division, red, white, red; for a third division, white, blue, white; and for a senior officer present, white, red, white.

130....Any officer not authorized to wear the flag of a Rear-Admiral, nor the broad pendant of a Commodore, who may be appointed by an express order to command a division of a squadron, shall wear a divisional mark of the size prescribed in the book of allowances, at the mast-head where the pendant is usually worn. And whenever two or more vessels of the Navy, in commission, away from a naval station,