himself," Another storm!" We followed, and were soon on the shore with him. The night was dark, the wind roared, the sailors shouted, and every now and then we heard signals of distress from the vessel. "Let us go to the rescue of your comrades," cried the Emperor. No one replied, and at that moment the moon burst from behind the clouds; and, seeing that scarcely any succour had been attempted, he became irritated and vexed at the indecision of those around him. He loudly and haughtily exclaimed: "Ah! the sailors are afraid of the sea! I shall send for my grenadiers!" At these words all were in motion; the Emperor urged the departure of the boats with voice and gesture, and followed them with his eyes, till they disappeared in the darkness and swell of the sea. The shore was soon covered with spectators, but the alarm-gun was the only sound which could be heard above that of the waves. Each time it fired the Emperor looked uneasily at the water, and then turned to those near him, in order to collect their opinions.

Among these he several times heard, "What folly! it is impossible to live in such a sea-all must perish! It would be better to abandon the gunvessel. This comes of meddling with what we do not understand." Again the gun was fired, and again," They have drifted more than a league," said Napoleon; "they will perish on the rocks. Where are the boats? Do you not see any thing of them?"-" Nothing, sire," I replied.—" We must go," cried the Emperor. "A boat! quick! a boat!" A naval officer ventured a remark on the state of the sea. Napoleon looked at him, and sternly answered "Have you no ears, then? Do you not hear the vessel at her last gasp?" A fresh shot was fired- "That is perhaps her last sigh," he continued. A boat was made ready, the Emperor stepped into it, I followed him with four rowers and the above-mentioned naval officer. The men vigorously struggled with the waves: the Emperor stood upright at the prow, one foot resting on the gunwale, so that the waves which sometimes inundated us broke over his knee; looking fixedly before him, he several times said in a low voice: "Do we advance?"-"Scarcely, sire," answered the naval officer. "Your men have neither strength nor courage," he returned.—“Sire,” said the officer, "we cannot expect them to do more, the sea runs so high.' "The sea! The sea!" muttered Napoleon; "it rebels; but we can conquer it."

At this moment we were driven back by a huge wave, which caused us to lose the way we had made, and seemed like an answer from the ocean. The Emperor stamped; the rowers began again; when another gleam from the moon shewed us the other boats. "" Stupid fellows!" said the Emperor, "they are wrong! The vessel is to the left; they will throw themselves into the English guard. We must warn them. Order some one to go and tell..." He turned round, and then first seemed sensible that his habits of command had betrayed him into an absurdity; there were neither staff nor aid-decamps near him; his will and his orders could not extend beyond the boat, and were imprisoned by the waters. His snuff-box was in his hand, and he tossed it into the wave, which was rising against us. It seemed as though he were trying to exorcise the sea, but the boat was nearly swamped and our danger became imminent. Again the officer ventured to speak." The sea is dreadful, sire; we shall soon be unable to steer the boat.' "Shall we then suffer these unfortunate persons to perish?" said Napoleon.-"Sire! our loss will not save them." No answer was made to this. I gave a sign to the officer to return, when Napoleon seated himself on the prow, and remained buried in thought. At length we reached the shore; when, jumping out, he took hold of my arm, and said, "The land! the land! do you comprehend? it never fails the foot of a soldier; it neither swells nor opens; it is obedient ; it has always a field of battle ready for victory. Oh the land! the land!" and, as he uttered these words, he stamped with enthusiasm. The first boats saved the vessel; the Emperor returned home, wrote a letter the next morning, and gave it to me to deliver to Josephine, whom I was about to join. I

fancied that he had there given vent to feelings, at which I could only guess from the few words that he had uttered.

I started, and presented the letter to the Empress. She read it in my presence, and then said, "You have passed a terrible night."-" The Emperor has perhaps described it to you?" I observed, feeling anxious to learn what he had written under the influence of that moment, when he had been so completely baffled. "A storm delineated by him must indeed be a picture.”— "Nearly so," returned Josephine; "he is even poetical, see." Saying these words, she handed the letter to me, and I read as follows: -"Madam and dear Wife - During the four days that I have been absent from I have you, been incessantly on horseback, and in motion, without any injury to my health. M. Moret has informed me of your plan of starting on Monday, and if you travel by easy journeys, you will reach the waters without fatigue. The wind having freshened much during the night, one of our gun-vessels in the roads was driven out to sea, and became entangled among the rocks, a league from Boulogne. I thought all were lost, but we succeeded in saving every thing. It was a grand sight; the firing of the alarm-guns, the shore covered with lights, the sea roaring with fury; the whole night passed in anxious efforts to save, or the expectation of seeing the unhappy crew perish; the mind divided between the night, the ocean, and eternity. At five in the morning all brightened again, all were saved, and I lay down as if in a romantic or epic dream; a feeling which would have made me aware that I was alone, if fatigue and drenched limbs had left me any other power than that of sleeping."

There was not a word in this letter to warrant the impression I had received, but, as I reflected on the impatience of the Emperor, wrestling with the waves, and the confident tone of his voice when he touched the shore, I was convinced that from that moment he hesitated to undertake an expedition where his will could not command every thing. Eight years afterwards, he learned, in Russia, that the land also presents obstacles more powerful than the most powerful genius.

There is something very original in the following anecdote of the King of Bavaria, who was much distinguished by Napoleon. He was one evening invited to a theatrical representation at the Tuileries, and a little before the end of the entertainment was received by the Emperor into his own box, which was a high mark of favour. On quitting the theatre, Napoleon took him by the arm, and, as the two monarchs walked on, a crowd eagerly gathered round them. The King's head being full of stories he had heard of the address of the Parisian pick pockets, who, by the help of a magnificent costume and borrowed name, gain access to these fétes at the palace, he became uneasy about his watch and snuffbox; and, when the crowd assembled, slipping his arm from that of the Emperor, he covered his seals with his hand, and observed with the utmost simplicity, "Pardon, sire, but it is as well to be cautious. I do not know every body here, and no one knows who may be present."-"You are quite right," archly replied Napoleon, the fears of the King not having escaped him ; I in your place, I should do the same at Münich."

"were

The interview between the Emperors of France and Russia could not fail to strike us as another proof of the hollowness of Royal Alliances: the professions of unchangeable good fellowship and concord, if broken by insignificant individuals, are thought to

be highly dishonourable, but crowned heads have a patent for setting their professions of good faith aside at convenience.

The heart of Napoleon is well shown in the account of the death of Marshal Lannes at Essling, who, while sitting in a trench, was shot in both knees by a cannon ball. He was carried to the surgeon, and the Emperor, seeing that he was wounded, hastened to him, embraced and sobbed over him, exclaiming, "Lannes, my friend, dost thou not know me? It is I, it is the Emperor, it is Bonaparte, thy friend, Lannes; thou shalt be saved!" The Marshal opened his eyes, and with difficulty answered, "Sire, I could wish to live if I could still serve you and France; but ere one hour elapses, you will have lost one of your best friends." Napoleon, on his knees, wept bitterly, and, half choked, turned to Massena, saying as Lannes was borne away: "My heart must have received a terrible shock if I could have thought of any thing but my army on such a day."

Of the divorce of the excellent Josephine there cannot be two opinions, unless, indeed, as we have before stated, crowned heads have peculiar laws for themselves. Still there is so much of frolic and naïveté in Napoleon's first interview with Marie Louise, that we cannot forbear quoting it. The programme of the etiquette having been drawn up according to the ancient usages of France, it was observed to the letter; the Emperor himself alone infringing it in the following manner. When he was informed that the bride was only a few leagues from Soissons, he called to his head valet Constant, to order the little calèche, and then dress him carefully but hastily; a little piece of vanity perhaps induced him to throw over all the grey coat which he had worn at Wagram. Accompanied by Murat, he secretly left the park at Fontainebleau, got into his calèche, which had no arms on it, and was attended by servants out of livery. He passed through Soissons, and reached Courcelles at the moment when the Empress's courier was securing horses. Napoleon and his brotherin-law left the carriage, which drew up to one side, and, as the rain fell in torrents, they sheltered themselves under the porch of a church. They there awaited the Empress's carriage, and no sooner did it stop for horses, than Napoleon darted towards it. The chamberlain recognized him, and, not being in the secret of the incognito, hastened to let down the steps, loudly announcing the Emperor. Napoleon, however, was too quick for him; he clambered into the carriage without the aid of the steps, and, throwing his arms round Marie Louise, repeatedly embraced her. She, who was not prepared for such a meeting, struggled and screamed, till the Queen of Naples, who was in the carriage with her, called out, "Why, Madam, it is the Emperor," at which information she would have fallen upon her knees, but he prevented her by another kiss, and gave orders to drive on.

Napoleon's definition of a page may perhaps be verified in

more countries than one. The education of those of the Tuileries being debated in full council, Colonel d'Assigny was appointed their sub-governor," because," said Napoleon," you are too easy, or rather too indulgent, for the office of head-governor. A page is as malicious as a monkey, as mischievous as a schoolboy, as choleric as a turkey-cock, as dainty as a cat, as giddy as a May-fly, as idle as a marmot, and as vain as a peacock. Ah! Ah! you do not know them as I do!" The whole council burst into a laugh. Yes," continued the Emperor, "it is as I have the honour to tell you, and therefore do I wish to keep a tight rein over them."

We are far from having exhausted the subject of this very amusing book, but we must now refer our readers to the work itself, particularly recommending to their notice, the Oratorio of Haydn, and the Infernal Machine, The Coronation, Two Visits, The Bill to Pay, Parades and Inspections, in the first volume; and in the second, Three Months at Schönbrunn, The Valley of St. Helena in Austria, Custom Houses and Smuggling, The Unexpected Return, and The Pupils of the Guard.

SOCIETY AND MORALS IN THE UNITED STATES. Nordamerika's sittliche Zustände. Nach eigenen Anschauungen in den Jahren 1834, 1835, und 1836. (The Moral State of North America, from personal observation, in the years 1834, 5, and 6.) By Dr. N. H. Julius. 2 vols. 8vo. Leipzig, 1839. The author, who is well known by his works on Prison Discipline, says in his introduction—

The state of morals in the various classes of society, which indeed never lies upon the surface, but which, in the unfettered, vigorous state of civil society in North America, exercises its influence more visibly than among any other people, can alone place in a due light its past history, its present condition, and its future destination. My attention being naturally directed to this point by the object which I had chosen for my journey, and which was liberally supported by the government of my native city, Hamburgh, namely, an inquiry into the crimes and punishments in those new states, I have endeavoured, as far as my observation and the time of my stay permitted, to obtain an accurate knowledge of this moral state, and to delineate it in this work.

The first volume is divided into five chapters, viz.: I. Nature of the Country and History. II. Religious Concerns. III. Education and Instruction. IV. Poverty and Charity. V. The People and Society. In treating upon these several subjects, the author, of course writing for his countrymen, discusses various questions already familiar to our readers, and supports his assertions and opinions by references to preceding French and English writers. In making our selections, we shall endeavour to choose such facts

and opinions as appear to afford the most attraction and novelty. We entirely pass over the first chapter; the second is headed by Religious Concerns, (Religiöses) not religion; on which the author observes, that the heading of this chapter has been purposely made more general, and every thing avoided that might seem to intimate that it is intended to give an account of the state of the church and of religious parties, for which, as a layman, he does not consider himself qualified.

There is no people, he says, among whom religious worship and devotion are more intimately interwoven in all the affairs of life and action. Assuming that the flame of Christian charity has been rekindled, and supposing that it may be accounted for by the collision of the various Christian sects, I am of opinion that this view meets no where with stronger confirmation than in the religious condition of the United States of North America. There is no country in the world that has a greater number of the most diverse sects and religious societies, all built on the original foundation of the gospel; and yet, as I think myself entitled to say, after travelling through almost all the states of the Union, there is no people among whom piety has more deeply impressed its happy influence-none among whom religion is so thoroughly regarded as the highest, the only true interest of man-none among whom, notwithstanding the declared neutrality of the State in religious matters, it has become as a vein of the noblest metal, manifestly pervading all the relations of life.

Dr. Julius seems to be of opinion that this happy state of things is owing to the absolute separation of the Church from the State, which he, however, acknowledges to be of modern origin and not likely to be approved in Europe. They are even averse in America to the possession of property by the Church. The anonymous author of a well written account of New England

says

Some churches have sufficient property to support their clergymen, and, therefore, the community have nothing to contribute towards it. This property in general proceeds from legacies left by persons, who hoped thereby to ensure for ever the preaching of the gospel. But in many cases this property is employed in supporting a religious system, directly contrary to that which the donors intended to maintain. Sometimes the property has become the constant and fruitful source of disputes between the church and the commumunity. In other cases where, the property being sufficient, the people were not called upon to contribute to the preaching of the gospel, they lost their warm attachment to its salutary institutions. As they cost them nothing, they consider them as without value.

The author treats successively of the Revivals, protracted Meetings, Camp Meetings, Religious Societies, Theological Seminaries, Home and Foreign Missionary Societies, and many others for the promotion of religion and religious knowledge. He speaks of the Roman Catholics, the Episcopalians, the formation of an American Episcopal Church, the Congregationalists, the Presbyterians, the Methodists, the Baptists, the Unitarians, the Universalists, the Swedenborgians, the Dutch and German Calvinists, the German Lutherans, the Moravians, the Quakers, the Shakers, the Institutions of Rapp and Bäumler. On these subjects he