Pre-Ottoman Turkey: A General Survey of the Material and Spiritual Culture and History, C. 1071-1330

akhis Akseray Aleppo Alexis Alp Arslan Amasya Anatolia Antalya Antioch Arabic Armenian army Artukid Asia Minor authority Bakr Baybars brother Byzantine Byzantium Caliph Central Asia Christian Cilicia Comnenus conquest Constantinople Crusade Danishmendid Diyār dynasty earlier eastern emirs Empire Erzinjān Erzurum established Euphrates fact Fakhr al-Din Fakhr al-Din Ali fourteenth century frontier futuwwa Germiyan Ghāzi Greek Ibn Bibi Ilkhānid important iqtā Iran Iranian Islam Izz al-Din Jalāl al-Din Karamanids Karatay Kastamonu Kay-kāūs Kay-kubādh Kaykhusraw Kaykhusraw II Kayseri Khwarizmians Kïlïj Kilij Arslan known Konya land later madrasas Malatya Malik-Shāh Mamluk Mas'ud merchants Mesopotamia Mongol Mongol period Moreover mosques Mu'in al-Din Muhammad Muslim neighbouring Nicaea official Oghuz Ottoman particularly perhaps Persian pervane political possible princes principal province régime region remained Rukn al-Din Rūm Seljukid Shams al-Din Shi'i Sinope Sivas Sulayman Sultan Syria Taurus territory thirteenth century tion Tokat town Trebizond Tughrïl Turcomans Turkish Turks twelfth century vassal vizier