CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

NURSING BEFORE 1840

Pagan indifference to the sick-St. Paul institutes deaconesses-The life and

work of St. Paula-Nursing an outcome of religious devotion-Rise of

general hospitals-The Hospitalières-The Hotel Dieu-Influence of the

Crusades-The Abbess Hildegarde founds a school-Nursing in monastic

Infirmaries-Medical Brotherhoods-The Knights Hospitallers employ

women-The Grey Sisters-The Béguines-Sisters of St. Elizabeth-A

new era of nursing-St. Vincent de Paul-Founds the Association of

Charity-Madame de Gondi-The Ladies of Charity-Remarkable in

fluence of St. Vincent-Duchess d'Aiguillon-Madame Goussault-

Madame le Gras-St. Vincent founds the Sisters of Charity-The estab

lishment of the Sisterhood-St. Vincent's rules-Spread of the Sisterhood

-They undertake every branch of nursing-Not cloistered nuns-The

humanitarian spirit-First hospital nurses in London-St. Bartholomew's

-St. Thomas's Guy's Hospital-Quaint rules-Deterioration of nursing

-Dr. Gooch attempts reform in 1825-Letters to Southey-"Religious

female physicians"-England apathetic-Kaiserswerth founded-Its influence

on nursing in this country

CHAPTER II

THE PIONEER WORK OF ELIZABETH FRY

Early life of Elizabeth Fry-Her marriage and settlement in London-Prison

work-Friendship with Pastor Fliedner-The Deaconess Hospital at

Kaiserswerth-Resolves to found a nursing sisterhood-Letter to the

Bishop of London-Queen Adelaide becomes Patroness-Queen Victoria

interested-Failing health and death of Mrs. Fry.

CHAPTER III

THE INSTITUTION OF NURSING SISTERS

Institution founded, 1840-The rules and regulations-Training of the sisters-

First staff of nurses enrolled-Lady Inglis becomes president-Growth of

the institution-Quaint rules-Present regulations-Letter from Thackeray

-Devoted service of the Committee-The lady superintendent-Contem-

porary nursing in America and abroad.

CHAPTER IV

CHARLES DICKENS AND NURSING REFORM

Caricature a factor in Reform-Dickens creates Sairey Gamp-The character taken

from life-Description of Mrs. Gamp-Betsey Prig of Bartlemy's-Mrs. Gamp

as night nurse-They prepare their patient for a journey-Rupture of the

famous partnership-No immediate reform after publication of Martin

Chuzzlewit-Dickens laments state of nursing in hospitals

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CHAPTER V

ST. JOHN'S HOUSE

King's College first London hospital to give facility for training school for nurses.

Sir William Bowman, Dr. Todd, and Dr. Farre initiate scheme-Foun

dation of St. John's House, 1848-Class of inmates and their respective

duties-Strict discipline-The "Master" and his office-Removal to

Westminster-Miss Mary Jones appointed superintendent-Nurses for

the Crimea-Removal to Norfolk Street-Expansion of work-The daily

diets-Changes in the rules-Lady and nurse pupils-Crisis in 1883-

Reorganization-Sister Caroline and present régime

CHAPTER VI

THE NURSING SISTERS OF ST. JOHN THE DIVINE

Descendants of St. John's House-Sister Superior, Miss Isabella Beaver-Sister

Caroline Lloyd-Early activities at Drayton Gardens-Deptford District

Home The Community to-day-Its aim-Testimony by Canon Bristow

-The Medals

CHAPTER VII

FIRST REFORMS IN HOSPITAL NURSING

Abuses under the old system-Tipping-A word for some of the old nurses-

Defects in hospital arrangements-An epoch-making_reform-St. John's

Sisters at King's College-Old ideas regarding gentlewomen-Character

v. Training-Putting wards in nursing order-Plan for nursing King's

College-First Nurses' Home attached to a London hospital-The Night

Ingale Ward-Reforms at Charing Cross Hospital-A vigilant Sister

Superior Nursing under dual control a failure-Rupture between St.

John's Sisterhood and King's College-Trained nursing at Guy's-

All Saints' Sisters and University College Hospital-Nursing a secular

professsion

CHAPTER VIII

THE NIGHTINGALE FUND TRAINING-SCHOOL

The Heroine of the Crimea-Inauguration of the Nightingale Fund-Influence

of the Shadow story-Adverse criticism-St. Thomas's Hospital selected

for the school-Mrs. Wardroper first superintendent-Rules for probationers

-Temporary quarters in Surrey Gardens-Opening of the New St. Thomas's

Hospital-The Nightingale Home-Miss Crossland as Home sister-A pro-

bationer's day-Severe discipline-Pathetic story-Mid-Victorian young

lady-Sumptuary laws-Miss Nightingale and "her children "-Miss

Nightingale's letters to probationers and nurses-Pioneer work by St.

Thomas's sisters-Influence on American institutions-Retirement of Mrs.

Wardroper-Her death and memorial tablet-Resignation of Miss Crossland

-The school grants certificates-Mr. Henry Bonham Carter-Mrs. Ward-

roper's successors.

CHAPTER IX

HOSPITAL NURsing and traINING-SCHOOLS

Dearth of trained nurses in 1862-William Rathbone founds the Liverpool

Training-school-Its success-London Collegiate Hospitals in the front

rank of reform-King's College Hospital-University College Hospital

-Charing Cross Hospital-Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children-

The Middlesex Hospital-The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh-Lady Augusta

Stauley founds the Westminster Training-school.

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CHAPTER X

HOSPITAL TRAINING-SCHOOLS (continued)

St. Bartholomew's Hospital-Guy's Hospital-Royal Infirmary, Glasgow-

Sir Patrick Dun's, Dublin-Steeven's Hospital-St. George's Hospital-

St. Mary's, Paddington-The Royal Free Hospital-Summary of Hospital

training to-day

CHAPTER XI

THE LARGEST TRAINING-SCHOOL

The London Hospital-Miss Eva Lückes appointed matron-Her splendid

work-Gradual reforms-Founds the London Training-school-Preliminary

training at Tredegar House-A probationers' day-Ward probationers'

examinations-Two years' certificate-Maternity_wing-Scale of payment

-The nurses' quarters-The Lickes Home-The Honourable Sydney

Holland-His work for the hospital and nurses-Work of the London

Hospital-Tragedy and humour-Queen Alexandra as president-The King

honours his nurse.

CHAPTER XII

NURSING IN MILITARY HOSPITALS

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Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War-The old army nurses unsatis

factory-Evidence of the Duke of Newcastle-Mr. Russell of the Times

makes an appeal-Florence Nightingale responds-Letter from Mr. Sidney

Herbert-Nursing at Scutari-Value of Miss Nightingale's work-Reorgani

zation of military hospitals after the Crimean War-Nursing sisters first

employed at Chatham-Death of Lord Herbert of Lea-Royal Victoria

Hospital, Netley-Increase of sisters in military hospitals-System extended

to India in 1888-Military hospitals lacked nursing organization-Superfluity

of nurses-Story of soldier in South African hospital-Soudan and Egyptian

campaigns-Queen Victoria institutes the Royal Red Cross-Nursing in the

South African campaign-Sir Frederick Treves' testimony-Tommy's appreci-

ation of the sisters-Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service-

Miss Monk's work in organization-Rules of the service-Nurses' Home,

Millbank-Miss Sidney Brown, R.R.C.; Miss C. H. Keer, R.R.C.; Miss

Annie B. Smith, R. R.C.-THE ARMY NUrsing Service RESERVE-THE

BRITISH RED Cross CouNCIL

CHAPTER XIII

THE NURSING IN NAVAL AND SEAMEN'S HOSPITALS

Jack as a patient-The handy_man-Story of Admiral Sir Harry Keppel-In

the old days-Admiral Sir Edward Parry's appeal-Naval sisters appointed,

1884-85-"Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service," 1902-Its

rules and regulations-Training of male attendants-Duties of the sisters-

The Seamen's Hospital, Greenwich-Nursing on the Dreadnought-Training-

school at Greenwich-Branch hospital at the Royal Albert Docks-The

Tropical school-Oriental patients-Amusing story-"The Hobson Jobson "

-Characteristics of seamen-A hot and a cold pipe-A land and a sen age-

Popularity of naval nursing

CHAPTER XIV

THE POOR LAW NURSING SERVICE

168

A social blot-Opinion of Lord Shaftesbury-The old Poor Law-Recreation in

1834-Neglect of the sick-Pauper nurses-Mrs. Jameson's exposures--

Dr. Joseph Rogers at the old Strand Union-Story of a nurse-Flagrant

abuses-Poor houses abroad-The Irish system good for the times-

First attempts at reform in England-Dr. E. Sieveking's proposal-Lord

Raynham's motion, 1856-Miss Louisa Twining-Her early efforts-The

Workhouse Visiting Society founded-Its work-Mr. Gathorne Hardy's

Bill, 1867-Dr. Joseph Rogers at the Strand Union-Lancet Commission,

1866-Mr. William Rathbone's work at the Liverpool Infirmary-Miss

Agnes Jones starts the training of workhouse nurses-Her death, 1868-

The movement quickened in the metropolis-Mr. Ernest Hart publishes

an account of investigations-Passing of the Metropolitan Poor Law Bill,

1867-Its provisions-The Highgate Infirmary makes an experiment in

trained nursing-The Workhouse Nursing Association founded 1879-Mary

Adelaide nurses started 1881-Dr. Joseph Rogers reviews the changes during

thirty years-The_Departmental Committee of Local Government Board

appointed 1892-Miss Catherine Wood-Her investigations-The Meath

Workhouse Nursing Association-The Countess of Pembroke's nurses

started, 1897-Nursing Orders by Local Government Board, 1896-97-

Report of the Departmental Committee, 190a-Royal Commission on Poor

Law appointed 1904-Decision of the Workhouse Nursing Association to

continue its work, 1905-Training under the Poor Law Nursing Service-

Marylebone Infirmary-Kensington Infirmary-Need of trained women

inspectors in country workhouses-Further action awaited.

CHAPTER XV

NURSING IN ASYLUMS FOR THE INSANE

The old system-Dr. Browne's description of an asylum as it was-Treatment

of the insane in ancient times-St. Vincent de Paul and Madame le Gras-

Pinel's system in Paris- William Tuke founds the Retreat, York

Dr. John Conolly institutes new régime at Hanwell-St. Luke's Asylum-

Legislation, 1815-45-Afliction of George III.-Lunacy Act, 1845-

Commissoners and the attendents-Mrs. Jameson on asylum nurses-

The work of Dorothea Dix in United States and Scotland-The Royal

Crichton Institution, Dumfries--Dr. Browne institutes lectures for nurses

-Sir James Crichton Browne tries to raise the status of nurses-First syste-

matic attempt at training-Medico-Psychological Association Examin-

ing Board-Its course for certificate-Dr. Hyslop on the asylum nurse-

Bethlem Royal Hospital-A contrast, past and present-A nurse thirty-

five years ago-Claybury Asylum-Dr. Robert Jones-Nursing staff at

Claybury-Rules and regulations-Berry Wood Asylum, Northampton-

Dr. Harding-Dr. Robertson's Ideals" at Larbert-Organization-Dr.

Shuttleworth and the Asylum Workers' Association-Increased demand for

mental nurses

CHAPTER XVI

PRIVATE NURSING

The best paying and most criticized branch of the profession-Dissatisfied

patients-Private nurse expected to be a paragon of perfection--Some

ground for complaint-Nursing plays an increasingly important part in

recovery of patient-Private nurse and district nurse compared-Need of

special training for private nurses-First attempts to organize private nurses

Mildmay Institution-The Royal Scottish Nursing Institution-Miss

M'Alpin's Home, Glasgow-Abuses of Nursing Homes--Princess Christian's

Nursing Home at Windsor-Beginning of the co-operative movement in

nursing-Miss Firth formed the London Association in 1873-Her devoted

life-Progress of her association-Its rules-The Nurses' Co-operation-The

Registered Nurses' Society—Large proportion of nurses take up private work

-Three principal classes-Daily private nursing--Marylebone Daily Visiting

Nursing Association-The Ada Lewis nurses-The bitter cry of the middle

classes