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MACKENZIE, MISS BURNEY.

Supplementary List.

DAVID DALRYMPLE.-(1726-1792)—Lord Hailes-Edinburgh-a Scottish judge -Annals of Scotland, from Malcolm III. to the accession of the Stuarts. GEORGE CHALMERS.-(1742-1825)-Fochabers, Elgin-barrister in AmericaCaledonia (Antiquities and Early History of Scotland); Life of Queen Mary; Life of Sir David Lyndsay.

WILLIAM MITFORD.-(1744-1827)-London-colonel of South Hampshire Militia and member of Parliament-History of Greece, from an anti-democratic point of view.

WILLIAM COXE.-(1747-1828) — London-Archdeacon of Wilts-History of Austria; Memoirs of Walpole and Marlborough.

JOHN PINKERTON.-(1758-1825)-Edinburgh-a lawyer-History of Scotland, before the reign of Malcolm III. and under the Stuarts; The Scythians or Goths.

MALCOLM LAING.-(1762-1818)-Orkney-a Scottish lawyer-History of Scotland, from 1603 to 1707; Dissertations on the Gowrie Plot and the Murder of Darnley.

SHARON TURNER.-(1768–1847)-a London solicitor-History of the AngloSaxons; History of England during the Middle Ages.

PATRICK FRASER TYTLER.-(1791-1849)-Edinburgh-son of Lord Woodhouselee, author of Universal History-History of Scotland, from Alexander III. to the Union of the Crowns in 1603; Lives of Scottish Worthies; Life of Raleigh.

NOVELISTS.

HENRY MACKENZIE, born in Edinburgh in 1745, and educated there, published in 1771 a novel called The Man of Feeling, in which the prominent character is Harley. The Man of the World is an inferior work. Sterne was Mackenzie's model; but the disciple has more true feeling in his books than the master. Having held for some time the office of Comptroller of Taxes for Scotland, Mackenzie, who was a lawyer by profession, died in 1831.

FRANCES BURNEY (MADAME D'ARBLAY), was the daughter of Dr. Burney, author of the History of Music, and was born in 1752, at Lynn Regis in Norfolk. In early life she wrote a novel called Evelina, or a Young Lady's Entrance into the World, which, being published in 1778, raised its author to great popularity. This was her best work. Cecilia (1782) is more highly finished, but less interesting. After her marriage with Count D'Arblay, a French refugee, had freed her from the "splendid

MISS EDGEWORTH, GALT, MRS. TROLLOPE.

425

slavery" of keeping Queen Charlotte's robes, she wrote a tragedy and two novels, but of greatly inferior merit. She died in 1840, and, two years later, appeared her Diary and Letters, edited by her niece.

MARIA EDGEWORTH, born in 1767, at Hare Hatch, near Reading in Berkshire, spent nearly all her life at Edgeworthstown, in the county of Longford. Taught chiefly by her father, Richard Lovell Edgeworth, author of several educational and engineering works, she began her career as a novelist in 1801 with Castle Rackrent, a tale of Irish extravagance. At intervals appeared Belinda, Popular Tales, Leonora, Tales of Fashionable Life, Patronage, and a host of other fictions, the series closing in 1834 with Helen. The hollowness of frivolous, fashionable life, as it then was, and the racy varieties of real Irish character, are depicted in these novels with marvellous skill. In 1823 Miss Edgeworth paid a visit to her admirer and brother-artist, Sir Walter Scott, at his mansion of Abbotsford. She died in 1849,

aged eighty-three.

JOHN GALT, born in 1779, at Irvine in Ayrshire, spent his youth in an unsettled way. A custom-house clerk at Greenock, a law-student at Lincoln's Inn, a traveller for health about the shores of the Mediterranean, a writer for the stage, a merchant at Gibraltar, he at last found his proper sphere in the production of Scottish novels. The Ayrshire Legatees (1820), and The Annals of the Parish (1821), were followed by Sir Andrew Wylie, The Entail, The Last of the Lairds, and, after a visit to Canada on commercial business, by Lawrie Todd. Having spent a life of constant literary toil, he died in 1839, at Greenock, shattered by repeated shocks of paralysis.

FRANCES TROLLOPE, the daughter of an English clergyman, was born in 1790. She was past fifty when, in 1832, she entered the literary field by her work entitled The Domestic Manners of the Americans, in which she satirizes most severely the people of the States. Her first novel was The Abbess (1833). Then followed from her fertile pen a whole army of fictions and books of travel, sometimes pouring into the libraries at the rate of nine volumes a year. Perhaps the best of these are The Vicar of

COBBETT, FOSTER, HAZLITT, SMITH.

427

SS OF BLESSINGTON.-(1790-1849)-Miss Power-Knockbrit, near Clonnel-The Repealers; Belle of a Season; Victims of Society; Idler in Italy; Idler in France.

'ORTER.-(1780-1832)-Don Sebastian; and JANE PORTER (1776-1850) -Thaddeus of Warsaw; Scottish Chiefs,

AS C. GRATTAN.—(born 1796)—Dublin-Highways and Byways; Heiress of Bruges; History of the Netherlands.

SHELLEY. (1797-1851)-Miss Godwin-the poet's second wife-Frankenstein.

ESSAYISTS AND CRITICS.

ILLIAM COBBETT, born in 1762, at Farnham in Surrey, attracted iderable notice by his sturdy, fresh English writings. First a labourer, he became afterwards a soldier, rising to the rank erjeant-major. After the passing of the Reform Bill he was ted member for Oldham, but failed as a public speaker. Rural 28, Cottage Economy, works on America, and articles in the itical Register form his chief literary remains. These have especial value, as illustrating a fine type of the English peasant id. Cobbett died in 1835.

JOHN FOSTER, a farmer's son, was born in 1770, near Halifax Yorkshire. He began public life as a Baptist preacher. His erary reputation rests partly on his articles in the Eclectic Review, t more especially on his four Essays, which were first published 1805 in the form of letters. The Essays are-On a Man's riting Memoirs of Himself; On Decision of Character; On the pithet Romantic; On Evangelical Religion rendered less acceptble to Persons of Taste. He died in 1843.

WILLIAM HAZLITT, a brilliant and refined critic, was born in 778, at Maidstone. Originally a painter, he became in 1803 uthor by profession, and through all his life contributed largely o the periodicals of the day. His Life of Napoleon was his most elaborate work. But he is chiefly celebrated for his Characters of Shakspere's Plays, his Table-Talk, and his Lectures upon the English Poets. Hazlitt died of cholera in 1830.

SYDNEY SMITH, born in 1771, at Woodford in Essex, earn by his sayings and his works, the reputation of a brilliant Entering the Church, he was at various times curate in a vil

426

SUPPLEMENTARY LIST OF NOVELISTS.

Wrexhill (1837), The Widow Barnaby (1839), and The Ward of Thorpe Combe (1842). She ceased to write about 1856, and has resided for some time at Florence; but her sons, Anthony and Tom, by their literary industry and talent, still uphold the honour of the well-known name.

Supplementary List.

JOHN MOORE. (1729-1802)-Stirling-physician in Glasgow and London-father of the hero of Corunna-Zeluco; Edward.

CHARLOTTE SMITH.-(1749-1806)-Surrey-The Old English Manor-house ;

Emmeline.

SOPHIA LEE (1750-1824)-and her sister HARRIET (1766-1851)-The Canterbury Tales and dramas.

ELIZABETH INCH BALD.-(1753-1821)-near Bury St. Edmunds-an actress-A Simple Story; Nature and Art; plays.

WILLIAM GODWIN.-(1756-1836)-Wisbeach, Cambridgeshire-at first a Dissenting minister-Caleb Williams; St. Leon.

ELIZABETH HAMILTON.-(1758-1816)-Belfast-a merchant's daughter-Cottagers of Glenburnie.

WILLIAM BECKFORD.-(1759-1844)-son of a London millionaire-Vathek, an

Arabian Tale.

ANN RADCLIFFE.-(1764-1823)-London-novelist of the Terrific schoolRomance of the Forest; Mysteries of Udolpho; The Italian.

R. PLUMER WArd.-(1762-1846)-held office in the Admiralty-Tremaine, or the Man of Refinement; De Vere; De Clifford.

AMELIA OPIE.-(1769-1853)-Miss Alderson of Norwich-wife of the painter Opie-Father and Daughter; Tales of the Heart; Temper.

MATTHEW GREGORY LEWIS.-(1773-1818)-London-The Monk; Bravo of Venice; Tales of Wonder (poems); The Castle Spectre (a play).

JANE AUSTEN.-(1775-1817)-Steventon, Hampshire-a clergyman's daughterPride and Prejudice; Mansfield Park; Persuasion.

MARY BRUNTON.-(1778-1818)-Miss Balfour of Burrey in Orkney-an Edinburgh minister's wife-Self-Control; Discipline.

JAMES MORIER.-(1780-1849)-Secretary of Embassy in Persia-Hajji Baba; Zohrab; The Mirza.

THOMAS HOPE.-(died 1831)—a rich English merchant of Amsterdam-Anastasius, or Memoirs of a Modern Greek.

MARY FERRIER.-(1782-1854)-Edinburgh-daughter of a Clerk of SessionMarriage; The Inheritance; Destiny.

LADY MORGAN.-(1786-1859)-Sydney Owenson-Dublin-an actor's daughter and a physician's wife-The Wild Irish Girl; O'Donnell.

THEODORE HOOK.-(1788-1842)-London-dramatist, novelist, journalist-Gilbert Gurney; Sayings and Doings; Jack Brag.

MARY MITFORD.—(1789-1855)—Alresford, Hampshire-Our Village; Belford

Regis.

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