TO ADDUCE, ALLEDGE, ASSIGN, ADVANCE. ADDUCE, in Latin adduco, compounded of ad and duco to lead, signifies to bring forwards, or for a thing. ALLEDGE, in French alleguer, in Latin allego, compounded of al or ad and lego, in Greek λy to speak, signifies to speak for a thing. ASSIGN, in French assigner, Latin assigno, compounded of us or ad and signo to sign or mark out, signifies to set apart for a purpose. ADVANCE comes from the Latin advenio, compounded of ad and venio to come, or cause to come, signifying to bring forward a thing. An argument is adduced; a fact or a charge is alledged; a reason is assigned; a position or an opinion is advanced. What is adduced tends to corroborate or invalidate; what is alledged tends to criminate or exculpate; what is assigned tends to justify; what is advanced tends to explain and illustrate. Whoever discusses disputed points must have arguments to adduce in favour of his principles : censures should not be passed where nothing improper can be alledged: a conduct is absurd for which no reason can be assigned: those who advance what they cannot maintain expose their ignorance as much as their folly. The reasoner adduces facts in proof of what he has advanced. The accuser alledges circumstances in support of his charge. The philosophical investigator assigns causes for particular phenomena. We may controvert what is adduced or advanced; we may deny what is alledged, and question what is assigned. I have said that Celsus adduces neither oral nor written authority against Christ's miracles. CUMBERLAND. The criminal alledged in his defence, that what he had done was to raise mirth, and to avoid ceremony, ADDISON. If we consider what providential reasons may be assigned for these three particulars, we shall find that the numbers of the Jews, their dispersion and adherence to their religion, have furnished every age, and every nation of the world, with the strongest arguments for the Christian faith. ADDISON. I have heard of one that, baving advanced some erroneous doctrines of philosophy, refused to see the experiments by which they were confuted. JOHNSON. ADEQUATE, v. Proportionate. TO ADHERE, ATTACH. ADHERE, from the French adherer, Latin adhæreo, is compounded of ad and hæreo to stick close to. ATTACH, in French attacher, is compounded of at or ad and tach or touch, both which come from the Latin tango to touch, signifying to come so near as to touch. A thing is adherent by the union which nature produces; it is attached by arbitrary ties which keep it close to another thing. Glutinous bodies are apt to adhere to every thing they touch: a smaller building is sometimes attached to a larger by a passage, or some other mode of communication. What adheres to a thing is closely joined to its outward surface; but what is attached may be fastened to it by the intervention of a third body. There is an universal adhesion in all the particles of matter one to another: the sails of a vessel are attached to a mast by means of ropes. In a figurative sense the analogy is kept up in the use of these two words. Adherence is a mode of conduct; attachment a state of feeling. We adhere to opinions which we are determined not to renounce; we are attached to opinions for which our feelings are strongly prepossessed. It is the character of obstinacy to adhere to a line of conduct after it is proved to be injurious: some persons are not to be attached by the ordinary ties of relationship or friendship. The firm adherence of the Jews to their religion is no less remarkable than their numbers and dispersion. ADDISON. The play which this pathetic prologue was attached to was a comedy, in which Laberius took the character of a slave. CUMBERLAND. The conqueror seems to have been fully ap prized of the strength which the new government might derive from a clergy more closely attached to himself. TYRWHITT. ADHERE, v. To stick. ADHESION, ADHERENCE. the verb adhere, one expressing the proper or figurative sense, and the other the moral sense or acceptation. There is a power of adhesion in all glutinous bodies; a disposition for adherence in steady minds. We suffer equal pain from the pertinacious adhesion of unwelcome images, as from the evanescence of those which are pleasing and useful. JOHNSON, Shakspeare's adherence to general nature has exposed him to the censure of criticks, who form their judgements upon narrower principles. ADJACENT, ADJOINING, CON- ADJACENT, in Latin adjiciens, participle of adjicio, is compounded of ad and jacio to lie near. ADJOINING, as the words imply, signifies being joined together. CONTIGUOUS, in French contigu, Latin contiguus, comes from conting or con and tango, signifying to touch close. What is adjacent may be separated altogether by the intervention of some third object; what is adjoining must touch in some part; and what is contiguous must be fitted to touch entirely on one side. Lands are adjacent to a house or a town; fields are adjoining to each other; and houses contiguous to each other. They have been beating up for volunteers at York, and the towns adjacent; but nobody will list. GRANVILLE. As he happens to have no estate adjoining equal to his own, his oppressions are often borne without resistance. JOHNSON. We arrived at the utmost boundaries of a wood which lay contiguous to a plain. STEELE. To admit is a general term, the sense of which depends upon what follows; to receive has a complete sense in itself: we cannot speak of admitting, without associating with it an idea of the object to which one is admitted; but receive includes no relative idea of the receiver or the received. Admitting is an act of relative importance; receiving is always a positive measure: a person may be admitted into a house, who is not prevented from entering; he is received only by the actual consent of some individual. We may be admitted in various capacities; we are received only as guests, friends, or inmates. Persons are admitted to the tables, into the familiarity or confidence of others they are hospitably received by those who wish to be their entertainers. We admit willingly or reluctantly; ambassadors are admitted to an audi we receive politely or rudely. Foreign ence, and received at court. It is necessary to be cautious not to admit any one into our society, who may not be agreeable and suitable companions; but still more necessary not to receive any one into our houses whose character may reflect disgrace on ourselves. Whoever is admitted as a member of any community should consider himself as bound to conform to its regulations: whoever is received into the service of another should study to make himself valued and esteemed. A winning address, and agreeable manners, gain a person admittance TO ADMINISTER, v. To minis- into the genteelest circles: the talent ADJECTIVE, v. Epithet. ter. ADMINISTRATION, v. Govern ment. ADMIRATION, v. Wonder. to admire, v. To wonder. ADMISSION, v. Admittance. TO ADMIT, RECEIVE. ADMIT, in French admettre, Latin for affording amusement procures a The Tyrian train, admitted to the feast, DRYDEN. Somewhat is sure design'd by fraud or force; * Girard: "Admettre, recevoir." DRYDEN. The thin-leav❜d arbute hazel-grafts receives, And planes huge apples bear, that bore but leaves. DRYDEN. TO ADMIT, ALLOW, PERMIT, SUFFER, TOLERATE. ADMIT, v. To admit, receive. ALLOW, in French allouer, compounded of the intensive syllable al or ad and louer, in German loben, old German laubzan, low German laven, Swedish lofwa, Danish love, &c. Latin laus praise, laudare to praise, signifies to give consent to a thing. PERMIT, in French permettre, Latin permitto, is compounded of per through or away, and mitto to send or let go, signifying to let it go its way. SUFFER, in French souffrir, Latin suffero, is compounded of sub and fero, signifying to bear with. TOLERATE, in Latin toleratus, participle of tolero, from the Greek Ta to sustain, signifying also to bear or bear with. The actions denoted by the first three are more or less voluntary; those of the last two are involuntary: admit is less voluntary than allow; and that than permit. We admit what we profess not to know, or seek not to prevent; we allow what we know, and tacitly consent to; we permit what we authorise by a formal consent; we suffer and tolerate what we object to, but do not think proper to prevent. We admit of things from inadvertence, or the want of inclination to prevent them; we allow of things from easiness of temper, or the want of resolution to oppose them; we permit things from a desire to oblige or a dislike to refuse; we suffer things for want of ability to remove them; we tolerate things from motives of discretion. What is admitted, allowed, suffered, or tolerated, has already been done; what is permitted is desired to be done. To admit, suffer, and tolerate, are said of what ought to be avoided; allow and permit of things good, bad, or indifferent. Suffer is employed, mostly with regard to private individuals; tolerate with respect to the civil power. It is dangerous to admit of familiarities from persons in a subordinate station, as they are apt to degenerate into impertinent freedoms, which though not allowable cannot be so conveniently resented: in this case we are often led to permit what we might otherwise prohibit: it is a great mark of weakness and blindness in parents to suffer that in their children which they condemn in others: opinions, however absurd, in matters of religion, must be tolerated by the civil authority, rather than violate the liberty of conscience. A well regulated society will be careful not to admit any deviation from good order, which may afterwards become injurious as a practice: it frequently happens that what has been allowed from indiscretion is afterwards claimed as a right: no earthly power can permit that which is prohibited by the divine law: when abuses are suf fered to creep in, and to take deep root in any established institution, it is difficult to bring about a reform without endangering the existence of the whole; when abuses therefore are not very grievous, it is wiser to tole rate them than run the risk of producing a greater evil. Both Houses declared that they could admit of no treaty with the king, till he took down his standard and recalled his proclamations, in which the Parliament supposed themselves to be declared traitors. HOME Plutarch says very finely, that a man should not allow himself to hate even his enemies. ADDISON Permit our ships a shelter on your shores, No man can be said to enjoy health, who is only not sick, without he feel within himself a lightsome and invigorating principle, which will not suffer him to remain idle. SPECTATOR. No man ought to be tolerated in an habitual humour, whim, or particularity of behaviour, by any who do not wait upon him for bread. STEELE TO ADMIT, ALLOW, GRANT. We admit the truth of a position; allow the propriety of a remark; grant what is desired. Some men will not readily admit the possibility of over coming bad habits: it is ungenerous not to allow that some credit is due to those who effect any reformation in themselves it is necessary, before any argument can be commenced, that something should be taken for granted on both sides. : Though the fallibility of man's reason, and the narrowness of his knowledge, are very liberally confessed, yet the conduct of those who so willingly admit the weakness of human nature, seems to discover that this acknowledgement is JOHNSON. not sincere. The zealots in atheism are perpetually teasing their friends to come over to them, although they allow that neither of them shall get any thing by ADDISON. the bargain. I take it at the same time for granted that the immortality of the soul is sufficiently estabiished by other arguments. STEELE. ADMITTANCE, ACCESS. ADMITTANCE marks the act or liberty of admitting (v. To admit, receive). ACCESS, from accedo to approach or come up to, marks the act or liberty of approaching. We get admittance into a place or a society; we have access to a person. Admittance may be open or excluded; access may be free or difficult. We have admittance when we enter; we have access to him whom we address. There can be no access where there is no admittance; but there may be admittance without access. Servants or officers may grant us admittance into the palaces of princes; but the latter only can allow us access to their persons. As my pleasures are almost wholly confined to those of the sight, I take it for a peculiar happiness that I have always had an easy and famiSTEELE. liar admittance to the fair sex. Do not be surprised, most boly father, at seeing, instead of a coxcomb to laugh at, your old friend who has taken this way of access to adSTEELE. monish you of your own folly. ADMITTANCE, ADMISSION. THESE words differ according to the different acceptations of the primitive from which they are both derived; the former being taken in the proper sense or familiar style, and the latter in the figurative sense or in the grave style. The AD The ADMITTANCE to public is Assurance never failed to get admittance into MOORE. the houses of the great. The gospel has then only a free admission TO ADMONISH, ADVISE. ADMONISH, in Latin admoneo, is compounded of the intensive ad and moneo to advise, signifying to put seriously in mind. ADVISE is compounded of the Latin ad and visus, participle of video to see, signifying to make to see or to show. Admonish mostly regards the past; We adadvice respects the future. monish a person on the errors he has committed, by representing to him the extent and consequences of his offence; we advise a person as to his future conduct, by giving him rules Those who are and instructions. most liable to transgress require to be admonished; those who are inexperienced require to be advised. Admonition serves to put people on their guard against evil; advice to direct them in the choice of good. most The present writing is only to admonish the world that they shall not find me an idle but a STEELE busy spectator. My worthy friend, the clergyman, told us, that he wondered any order of persons should think themselves too considerable to be advised. ADMONITION, WARNING, TION. ADDISON. CAU ADMONITION, v. To admonish. WARNING, in Saxon warnien, German warnen probably from währen to perceive, siguifies making to see. CAUTION, from caveo to beware, signifies the making beware. A guarding against evil is common to these terms; but admonition expresses more than warning, and that more than caution. An admonition respects the moral conduct; it comprehends reasoning and remonstrance: warning and caution respect the personal interest or safety; the former comprehends a strong forcible representation of the evil to be dreaded; the latter a simple apprisal of a future contingency. Admonition may therefore frequently comprehend warning; and warning may comprehend caution, though not vice versa. We admonish a person 6 against the commission of any offence; we warn him against danger; we caution him against any misfortune. Admonitions and warnings are given by those who are superior in age and station; cautions by any who are previously in possession of information. Parents give admonitions; ministers of the gospel give warnings; indifferent persons give cautions. It is necessary to admonish those who have once offended to abstain from a similar offence; it is necessary to warn those of the consequences of sin who seem determined to persevere in a wicked course; it is necessary to caution those against any false step who are going in a strange path. Admonitions are given by persons only; warnings and cautions are given by things. The young are admonished by the old; the death of friends or relatives serve as a warning to the survivors; the unfortunate accidents of the careless serve as a caution to others to avoid the like error. Admonitions should be given with mildness and gravity; warnings with impressive force and warmth; cautions with clearness and precision. The young require frequent admonitions; the ignorant and self-deluded solemn warnings; the inexperienced timely cautions. Admonitions ought to be listened to with sorrowful attention; warnings should make a deep and lasting impression; cautions should be borne in mind: but admonitions are too often rejected, warnings despised, and cautions slighted. At the same time that I am talking of the cruelty of urging people's faults with severity. I cannot but bewail some which men are guilty of for want of admonition. STEELE. worth itself; whence it has been employed to designate the action of doing suitable homage to the object which has worth, and, by a just distinction, of paying homage to our Maker by religious rites. Adoration is the service of the heart towards a Superior Being, in which we acknowledge our dependence and obedience, by petition and thanksgiving: worship consists in the outward form of showing reverence to some supposed superior being. Adoration can with propriety be paid only to the one true God; but worship is offered by heathens to stocks and stones. We may adore our Maker at all times and in all places, whenever the heart is lifted up towards him; but we worship him only at stated times, and according to certain rules. Outward signs are but secondary in the act of adoration; and in divine worship there is often nothing existing but the outward form. We seldom adore without worshiping; but we too frequently worship without adoring. Menander says, that "God, the Lord and Father of all things, is alone worthy of our humble adoration, being at once the maker and giver of all blessings,” CUMBERLAND. By reason man a Godhead can discern, TO ADORE, REVERENCE, VENE- REVERENCE, in Latin reverentia reverence or awe, implies to show reverence, from revereor to stand in awe of. VENERATE, in Latin veneratus, participle of veneror, probably from venere beauty, signifying to hold in very high esteem for its superior qua lities. REVERE is another form of the same verb. Adoration has been before considered only in relation to our Maker; it is here employed in an improper and extended application to express in the strongest possible manner the devotion of the mind towards sensible objects. Reverence is equally engendered by the contemplation of superiority in a |