Bishop Turbervil recovered some lost lands, which Bishop Voysey had vezed, (driven away, in the Dialect of the West.)

Fuller. Worthies of England. Dorcet-shire, p. 312. FELANDER, see FILANDer.

FELE, Goth. filu; A. S. fela; Ger. viel; D. veel, many. An old word found in all the Northern tongues, and having (the Etymologists observe) an affinity with the Gr. okus. R. of Gloucester, as Dr. Jamiesou notices, writes it, vale. See Feil, in Jamieson.

And nowe so fele shippes this yeere there ware,
That moch losse for vnfreyght they bare.

Hakluyt Voyage, &c. vol. i. fol. 201. Politie of Keeping the Sea.
FELICITATE, v. Fr. feliciter; It. felicitare;
FELICITATE, adj. Sp. felicitar; from the Lat.
FELICITOUS,
felix. Vossius is inclined to
FELICITY.
adopt the opinion of Becman,
that felix is from the Gr. g, which signifies generally
etas, though commonly restricted to ætas florens belloque
apta; quâ ratione, felix propriè sit, qui vegetæ est
ætatis, corpore animoque valens; blooming age, and
fit for war; wherefore, felix may properly be applied to
him who is of vigorous age, strong in body and mind.
Felicity is used as equivalent to

Good fortune, good hap, happiness; good success, prosperity.

To felicitate, to confer happiness or cause to be happy; and also, to congratulate upon any happiness or good fortune.

In that citty virtue shall never cease,

And felicity no soule shall misse,
Magnifying the name of the Kinge of Blisse.

R. Gloucester. Appendix, p. 584.

For certes, lord, so wel us liketh you
And all your werke, and ever have don, that we
Ne couden not ourself devisen how
We mighten live in more felicitee.

Chaucer. The Clerkes Tale, v. 7985.

And of this constillation The very operation

4

Gower. Conf. Am. book vii. fol. 147.

And all the way as they passed along the capital, the castle, and other temples, they besought the Gods, as many as were presented to their eye, as many as they could conceive in their minds to vouchsafe that squadron to be attended upon with good successe and fortunate felicitie, and soone to returne home againe in safetie, to their native countrie and loving parents. Holland. Livius, fol. 78.

That life may be more comfortable yet,
And all my joys refin'd, sincere and great;
I'd choose two friends, whose company would be
A great advance to my felicity.

Pomfret. The Choice..

Is it because liberty in the abstract may be classed amongst the blessings of mankind, that I am seriously to felicitate a madman, who has escaped from the protecting restraint and wholesome darkness of his cell, on his restoration to the enjoyment of light and liberty? Burke. Reflections on the Revolution in France.

I sincerely rejoiced to hear of your advancement to the purple, yet on these occasions I did not think myself warranted to break in upon you, either with my acknowledgments or felicitations.

Anecdotes of the Life of Bishop Watson, vol. i. p. 177. That this pleasure [eating] depends, not only on our being in the possession of the sense of taste, which is different from any other, but upon a particular state of the organ in which it resides, a felicitous adaptation of the organ to the object, will be confessed by any one, who may happen to have experienced that vitiation of taste which fre quently occurs in fevers, when every taste is irregular, and every one, bad. Paley. Natural Theology, ch. xxvi. Is that faith and obedience, which constitute us the disciples of Christ, less uniformly productive of good? did faith ever violate civil peace; or obedience impare domestic felicity.

Warburton. Sermon 1. vol. ix. Bartholomew Dandridge, son of a house painter, had great business from his felicity in taking a likeness. Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. iv. ch. iii.

FELIS, Lin., Briss., Tiedem., Cuv.; Cat, Ray, Pen. in Zoology, a genus of animals belonging to the tribe Digitigrada, family Carnivore, order Sarcophaga, class Mammalia.

Generic character. Muzzle round; jaws short and strong; incisive teeth six in each jaw; cuspid very long, conical, sharp; molar teeth cutting, four on each side in the upper jaw, the two first thickish and conical, the third which is the largest bicuspid, and the fourth tuberculated and smallest; in the lower jaw three, the anterior simply cutting, the third bicuspid; tongue rough, with little points inclining backwards; pupils in some round, in others oblong vertically; ears short and pointed; body hairy, tail varying in length; feet digitigrade, five-toed before, four-toed behind, soles hairy; nails sharp clawed, and in most species retractile upwards, the roots entering into sheaths.

The animals composing this genus are provided with the most powerfully offensive organs of the whole family;

they are purely carnivorous, of which property the cutting form of their molar teeth, entirely covered with enamel, very thin and sharp, is a strong indication: in a state of nature they prey upon living animals, which, having a bad scent, they do not hunt, but lurk about and seize by surprise, approaching under cover very cautiously, and suddenly springing upon them when within reach. A remarkable circumstance is observable in their retractile claws, which in walking are raised upwards by means of elastic ligaments, so that they never touch the ground, but are kept sharp, to enable them more easily to hold and tear their prey to pieces; one species, however, is peculiar in not having the claws retractile, and from that circumstance seems to connect this genus with the Dog kind. In general form they very much resemble each other, so much so indeed that Temminck considers it impossible to subdivide them, although he has chosen to arrange them in two groups, the first including those which belong to the old, and

20

FELIS. the second to the new world. This arrangement, however, appears faulty, inasmuch as by it species which nearly approximate in many minor points, are placed very far apart from each other. The mode adopted by Desmarest, of determining their station with reference to the colour of their coats, seems more, natural, but even in this there is considerable difficulty, on account of the resemblance of colour and size which occurs, in several species, and in animals of the same species at different ages.gudoot> ni taft ..I wall to eno ho In temper generally cruel, wary, and untameable, few of them are capable of domestication or attachment to man; they are cowardly, and if they fail in their attack, often slink away without a second attempt to capture their prey. The larger species are natives, of hot climates, but the others are found in the more temperate and even iey regions.sten to 160-in to go to

و

F. Leo, Lin.; le Lion, la Lionne, le Lionceau, Buff., Lacep., Desmar,; Lion, masc,, Lionness, fem., Pen, The Lion stands about four feet, and a half high; his length, from the snout to the root of the tail is from seven to eight feet, and the tail itself four more; the head is larger and of a squarer form than in the other species of this genus. The body and limbs are strong and muscular; the back, flanks, hind quarters, tail, and forelegs, covered with close, short, tawny hairs tipped with black, and intermixed with a few entirely black; the whole chest, shoulders, neck, and front of the head, clothed in long, shaggy hair, black and tawny intermixed; that on the head and neck longer than the other, and forming the mane, which is capable of erection; ears small and rounded; tip of the tail tufted with long dark coloured hair. The Lionness is about a fourth less than the Lion, from which she further differs in not having a mane; she goes with young five months, and whelps three or four at a time, of which she is extremely careful, hiding them in the most retired places, and, it is said, effacing her track by frequently traversing her footsteps, and even brushing them out with her tail; at this period, as is usual with most animals, she is very fierce, and if her litter be discovered, will carry them off in her mouth, or if there be no escape, defend them with great obstinacy. The young animals when first whelped are covered with rough, woolly hair, of a tawny colour, mingled with black and grey; the sides marked transversely with parallel black bands, which meet in a long, dark stripe extending along the back from the head to the tip of the tail; the head and limbs also spotted with black; and the under and lateral parts lighter than the upper. After each casting the coat, the animal gradually approaches the colour of the adult; but the young Lion has no mane; it does not begin to appear till the animal reaches the age of three, nor is it complete before five years. The whelps remain at the teat about twelve months.

Lions breed without much difficulty even in confinement, and many examples have occurred in England. Great difference of opinion has been held among Naturalists as to the age which these animals will reach; it seems, however, that they are long-lived, (though Buffon restricts their age at the utmost to twenty-two years;) for in the year 1760 a Lion, named Pompey, died in the Menagerie at the Tower of London which had been known to be there seventy years; and more recently

there was another, which attained sixty-three years of FELIS. age. The Lion seems to form an exception to the general disposition af the animals belonging to this.... genus, and more especially as pains are taken to attach him to his keeper. In the wild state he is found extremely fierce and courageous; when his habitation is in the arid and desert plains of the interior of Africa; but it has been observed, that in proportion as his haunts more nearly approach the dwellings of man, his courage, beer comes subdued, and he has recourse in seizing his prey to that cunning which so remarkably characterises the genus, instead of attacking it with boldness as when living in his native woods; for this purpose he lurks in ambush in some thicket near a stream, and crouches on his belly till his victim comes within his reach, then with a loud roar and a bound of fifteen or twenty feet he dashes upon it, and usually seizes it at the first attempt;" but, if that fail, he returns with slow and measured step to his lurking place, and does not often make a second trial. This is the usual mode in which he proceeds, and but rarely attacks any animal openly, except when pressed by extreme hunger. Sometimes, however, a Lion will creep cautiously onwards towards his prey in a similar mode to that employed by the common Cat, and then make a short spring; an interesting example of this kind is given by Sparrman, in which a Hottentot had been thus followed by a Lion; in his endeavour to escape, he reached a piece of broken ground with a precipice beyond it, and seating himself to consider the best mode of avoiding his enemy, he observed that the Lion also halted; as the evening advanced he gradually slipped below the ridge and held up his cloak, upon which the Lion springing, fell over the precipice, and thus the Hottentot was saved. In reference to escapes from wild beasts, it may be here mentioned, that an annual sermon is preached at St. Catharine Cree's' Church, Leadenhall-street, London, on the 16th of November, in commemoration of the escape of Sir John Gager, from a Lion which he met while travelling in Turkey; by his will he appoints for this purpose 20s. to the preacher, 2s. 6d. to the clerk, and is. to the sexton, beside £8. 16s. 6d. to be distributed among the poor of the parish.

The strength of the Lion is very great, a stroke of his paw is said to be sufficient to break the back of a Horse; and Kolber states, that he always kills his prey by a blow before he begins to tear it with his teeth. He is capable of bearing away very large animals, and has been known to leap over a broad ditch, having a heifer in his mouth. When domesticated, and particularly when taken young, the Lion appears to lose much of its violent temper, except when irritated, and becomes warmly attached to those who have the care of it, and even recognises them after long absence. Occasionally also it becomes sociable with inferior animals, to which it accidentally takes a fancy. Of these circumstances the following are interesting examples.

About the year 1650, Sir George Davis, the English Lion's atConsul at the Court of Naples, having left that city on tachment to account of the plague, and residing at Florence, acci- man. dentally visited the Menagerie of the Grand Duke, where a Lion was pointed out which neither art nor gentleness had been able to tame during three years. Upon Sir George's approach, however, its violence ceased, and running to the bars of its den, the Lion showed by its transports and licking his hand that it recognised an old acquaintance. Notwithstanding the keeper's

f

Lion's at

Two Lions, a male and female, were brought to the Menagerie of the Jardin des Plantes at Paris by M. Felix, who constantly attended on them but some months after, being taken ill, his place was supplied by another person, not however to the satisfaction of the male, who refused to take his food from the stranger, and showed his aversion by bellowing at him; he continued sulky and out of humour, not even noticing the female, and at last was supposed to be ill, but no one was sufficiently daring to approach him. Felix however recovered, and, purposing to surprise the Lion, crept softly to his den, and merely showed his face at the bars, which was immediately recognised by the affectionate creature, who patted him with his paws, licked his hands and face, and trembled with pleasure. The female also attempted to show her delight, but the Lion drove her away, and it was not till Felix entered the den, and, getting between, alternately bestowed his caresses upon them that they were pacified.

In 1787 a Lion whelp about three months old was tachment to taken in the forests of Senegal, and brought up by Dogs. M. Pelletan, the Director of the African Company; he was extremely gentle and tractable, fond of being in a room with many persons, and so sociable that he slept in the same place with Sheep, Dogs, Cats, Monkies, Geese, &c. When about eight months old a terrier bitch littered two puppies on his bed, to which he became very partial, and one of the pups dying his care for the other was redoubled. At fourteen months the Lion with his little companion were sent to Europe, and during the voyage he was allowed to run freely about the vessel without doing mischief. On his arrival in France he was led by a cord attached to his collar, and attended by the Dog from Havre to Versailles. Soon after their arrival at that place the Dog died, and the Lion appearing very miserable, another Dog was introduced into his den with the hope that he might become attached to it; the animal, however, being frightened attempted to hide itself, but the Lion being roused by the noise, struck it with its paw and killed, but did not attempt to devour it. A third Dog, however, was put with him, and they lived together for some years.

A similar instance of attachment to a Dog occurred some years since in the Tower of London; and the little animal had obtained such ascendency over the Lion, that it was often known to growl over the food given them, and not allow the Lion to partake till its own appetite had been satiated.

Instances of this kind might be adduced without' number, but such as have been given are sufficient to

show, that the Lion has some claim to the title of FELIS. generous, with which he is not unfrequently vested. From very early times it appears to have been cus- Menageries tomary for Princes to possess collections of wild ani mals, and more especially the larger individuals of this genus, as part of their appanage. Amongst these, the Park of Woodstock and the Tower of London may be noticed in this country. With respect to Woodstock, Strype, in his edition of Stow's Survey of London, mentions, of Henry I., that in stocking the park, "He appointed therein (besides great store of Deer) divers strange beasts, to be kept and nourished, such as were brought to him from far countries; as Lions, Lepards, Porpentines, and such other.” quas Aml- m

London.

In the year 1235 the Emperor Frederick presented to Lion's Henry III, three Leopards (which animals formed part Tower,. of the bearings of his Coat of Arms,) and these were placed? Tower of in the Tower of London; it is presumed in that part of it known as the Lion's Tower, and which must then have existed for some years, as an order of Edward I. is in existence, directing his Treasurer and Chamberlain to issue money from the Exchequer, for the purpose of completing the ditch about the Lion Tower. Besides the Leopards, it appears there were other animals in the Tower during Henry III's reign, for an order is found in his 36th year, directing the Sheriffs of London to allow fourpence a day for the support of a White Bear and his Keeper; and in the following year further orders were issued by the same authority to the Sheriffs,† "To cause to be had one muzzle, and one iron chain to hold that Bear without the water, and one long and strong cord to hold the same Bear fishing (or washing) himself in the river Thames." And in the 39th and 40th of the same reign they were commanded, "That out of the farm of our City, ye cause (without delay) to be built at our Tower of London, one house of forty feet long, and twenty feet deep, for our Elephant," and "to find for the said Elephant and his Keeper such necessaries as should be reasonably needful." By order of Edward II., the Sheriffs were further to pay sixpence per day to the Keeper for the maintenance of the Leopards, and three halfpence for the support of himself. In the 16th of Edward II. there remained only one of the Leopards, but mention is made of Lions, as one Robert Bowre had the custody of one Lion, one Lioness, and two Cattes Lions.

the Lions.

The Office of Keeper of the Lions was formerly con- Office of ferred on persons of rank and distinction, and held by Keeper of Letters Patent, of which the following, granted by Henry VI. to Robert Mansfield, Esq., is an example: §

"The King to all to whom these presents shall come, &c., We of our special grace have granted to our beloved servant, Robert Mansfield, Esq., Marshall of our Hall, the Office of Keeper of the Lions, with a certain place which hath been appointed anciently within our said Tower for them to have and to occupy the same by himself, or by his sufficient deputy, for the term of his life with the wages of sixpence per day for himself, and with the wages of sixpence per day for the maintenance of every Lion or Leopard now being in his

་་*

FELIS. custody, or that shall be in his custody hereafter; to be taken yearly from the 22d day of September, during his life, from the issues and profits of the Counties of Bedford and Buckingham coming to the hands of the Sheriff of the said Counties for the time being." This salary has been since increased to seven shillings and sixpence per day, which is the stipend of the present Keeper.

Lion Fights.

Before James I. and Prince Henry.

With Nero

The exhibitions of wild beasts in the Roman Amphitheatre, for the amusement of the populace, are well known to have been very frequent; and among them Lions seem to have formed no inconsiderable part, as Mr. Shaw mentions that more were carried from Lybia in one year than can be found in that country at the present time. Animals of different kinds were also frequently brought together for the purpose of worrying and tearing each other to pieces; and this practice seems to have been introduced wherever the Romans extended their conquests. The last attempt, till within these few years, of fighting a Lion against Dogs was made in the time of James I., who, with his son Prince Henry, was present. According to Stow's account, "One of the Dogs being putin to the den, was soon disabled by the Lion, who took him by the head and neck, and dragged him about. Another Dog was then let loose, and served in the same manner; but the third being put in, immediately seized the Lion by the lip and held him for a considerable time, till being severely torn by his claws the Dog was obliged to quit his hold; and the Lion, greatly exhausted by the conflict, refused to renew the engagement, but, taking a sudden leap over the Dogs, fled into the interior of his den. Two of the Dogs soon died of their wounds; the third survived, and was taken great care of by the Prince, who said, 'He that had fought with the king of beasts should never after fight with an inferior creature." "

An attempt to revive Lion fights has within the last at Warwick. few years been made in England, but which, to the credit of the people, met with little encouragement. Two of these exhibitions took place at Warwick in July, 1825. The first contest, if such it may be called, where the onset was merely by the Dogs, whilst the Lion itself, well known by the name of Nero, was quite passive, took place in a cage fifteen feet square and ten feet high, composed of iron bars with a wooden floor raised six feet from the ground, from which arose an inclined plane, to allow the approach and retreat of the Dogs. The assailants were three Dogs, averaging about forty pounds weight apiece; when laid on they boldly fixed upon the mane and dewlap of the Lion, who seemed to have been totally unsuspicious of their attack; and having shaken them off, attempted to avoid them by flying about the cage; not succeeding in this, the Dogs again fastened on his nose and lip, from which he pawed them off, and afterwards rolled on them; but it was remarkable that he never attempted to bite them or attack them in return for their numerous assaults, but merely seemed to act on the defensive. The first attack lasted about eleven minutes, and as proof of the little irritation excited by the Dogs, the keeper went directly into the cage alone and, throwing water over the Lion, afterwards gave him a panfull to lap, whilst another person patted him through the bars; after a short interval the Dogs were set on again and pinned the Lion as usual, he at the same time endeavouring to rid himself of his tormentors by pawing them off; in this atteinpt, however, as he appeared

exhausted, he did not succeed, and after the lapse of FELIS. five minutes the Dogs were withdrawn, and the keeper again entered the cage with as much impunity as at first.

Wallace.

In a second fight, in the course of the same week, With a Lion, Wallace, whelped in Scotland, was baited; his temper not being so mild as that of Nero, the Dogs were no sooner laid on than he prepared for their attack, by squatting on his haunches at the edge of the inclined plane, and as they came up, he put his paw upon one and took another in his mouth, with which he walked round the cage, like a Cat with a Mouse, and then dropping him, took up another and treated him in the same manner; three couples of Dogs were slipped at him, a couple at a time, but they were very soon disabled, and the victory was adjudged to the Lion. Lions are found throughout Africa, in those parts of Arabia and Persia which border on the Tigris and Euphrates from the Persian Gulf as far as Bagdad. They vary from each other in some trifling particulars. The Barbary Lion is that which has been already described. The

Senegal Lion has a brighter and yellower coat than that from Barbary, but its mane is neither so thick nor long. The

Arabian Lion is smaller than the others; the males are much larger than the females, and have no mane. F. Concolor et Discolor, Lin.; le Couguar, Buff.; Couguar, Bew. This animal is known also by the names Puma and American Lion, but it differs from the Lion in the smallness of the head and want of mane, and tufted tail; it measures about five feet in length, and the tail is two feet long and trailing; its limbs are strong but short, and therefore it stands low. The upper part of the neck and body, and the outside of the legs, are of a deep yellow, tinged with black on the upper parts by the tipping of the hairs being black; the rump dark yellow; forehead and upper part of the head dingy yellow, mingled with grey and black, the grey very distinct above and below the eyes; under part of the throat, chest, and inside of forelegs, yellowish white; belly white, tinged with yellow; inside of the thighs white, shaded with red and ash; tail yellow, but having some black hairs on its upper part, and the tip also black; inside of the ears whitish, tinged with yellow, outside black; whiskers long, part black and part white, that part of the upper lip on which they are placed black, the remainder of it, the lower lip, and the throat, beautifully white. In the young animal the body, but particularly the thighs, marked with indistinct spots, of a deeper tint than the general colour; but these disappear as the animal increases in age.

It is native of America, both of the South and North; in the latter it is less fierce, and will fly from the attacks of a Dog, but in the former it is very ravenous and cruel, destroying more animals than it can devour for the sake of sucking their blood. It attacks Sheep, Oxen, and Deer, and has been known to seize even a Wolf: its usual mode of taking its prey is by lurking in a tree, from which it drops as the unsuspicious animal passes by, but when pressed by hunger it will swim across a river to satiate its appetite in the neighbouring enclosures. Whatever it leaves, it carefully hides. When taken young it may be tamed and domesticated like a Cat. The Indians employ its coat, which is soft, for clothing, and from it also are made gloves and shoes. It is sometimes called the Poltron Tiger.

FELIS. ẞ Cats of large size, and striped transversely with black. F. Tigris, Lin.; le Tigre Royal, Buff.; Tiger, masc., Tigress, fem., Pen. In size nearly resembling the Lion, but the body more slim, and the head rounder and smaller it stands about three feet in height. The hair short and close, except on the cheeks, is deep yellow on the upper parts of the body, but gradually becoming lighter towards the under parts, which are beautifully white, as are also the muzzle, cheeks, and inside of the ears and legs; from the ridge of the back descend numerous transverse black stripes, varying in number from twenty to thirty; two or three oblique bands mark the outside and as many the inside of the forelegs, whilst other double transverse stripes are seen on the outside of the hind limbs; the tail is marked with fifteen black rings, of which the anterior are divided into numerous lines; a black stripe extends across each cheek from the ears to the throat, and the forehead and face are also spotted with black. The young animal has the same disposition of colours but less bright.

every

The Tiger is found only in Asia, extending as high as Chinese Tartary, but is more common in India, and lives in ravines and jungles. Cowardly, cunning, and cruel, it is a dreadful scourge to the countries which it inhabits, as it does not hesitate to attack almost kind of animal, not excepting man; for these it lurks in ambush among the thick cover, and with a dreadful roar, springing upon it with a bound from an almost incredible distance, quickly drags it into its retreat, from which there is no chance of recovery; should he however fail in his aim, he slinks off till a more fitting op portunity. In travelling through the northern parts of China, it is common for people to carry large lanterns for the purpose of frightening the Tigers, which are there numerous; and in Java a kind of French horn is used on journies with the same object. An interesting anecdote is narrated as having occurred some years since in Bengal, in which a lady who saw a Tiger about to spring, had the courage suddenly to open a large umbrella in its face, which had the effect of driving the animal away. The dreadful account of Mr. Munro's seizure by a Tiger, which singled him out from a party of pleasure on Sangar Island, and after being shot at, only allowed his escape to die of his wounds in a few hours, is too familiar to require further notice. The roar of the Tiger is extremely appalling, particularly at night; it commences with slow, deep, and melancholy intonations, and then suddenly utters a loud cry, interrupted with long, tremulous moans. The strength of this animal is very great; it carries off a Deer with ease, and has been known to bear away a Buffalo from a quagmire, from which the exertions of many persons had been employed in vain for its release.

Like the Lion, the Tiger if taken young will occasionally become very docile: one which was brought from China in the Pitt East Indiaman, in 1790, became perfectly familiar with the crew, and was so harmless as to sleep in their hammocks, and once having stolen some beef, not only allowed it to be taken away, but suffered a beating without resenting it; at this time, however, it was not a twelvemonth old, and exhibited all the antics of a kitten. When it arrived in England it was sent to the Tower, and in 1801 a black terrier puppy being introduced into its den, it became attached to it; its harmless temper was, however, more satisfactorily proved by putting strange Dogs into the den after his feeding, but in no case did he attempt to injure

them. Some time after he was placed in the Tower, FELIS. the carpenter belonging to the ship in which he was brought over went to visit him, and was instantly recognised; he entered the den, and the animal purred about him, licked his hands, and by rubbing itself against him, manifested its pleasure at the visit: after staying three hours in the den the carpenter wished to depart, but the Tiger stuck so close to him that it was with great difficulty he could get away. Attempts have been made to breed from a Tiger and The two animals were Lioness, but without success. exhibited some time since in the same den at Exeter Change.

Tiger fights are one of the Regal sports in the East; for this purpose the men who contend with them are clad either in a coat of mail, or furnished with a small shield, a poinard, and a short scimitar. Sometimes a Tiger is pitted against an Elephant, of which mention has been already made in the Paper on ELEPHAS.

Tiger skins are considered of great value throughout the East, and especially in China, where they are used to cover the seats of justice for the Mandarins.

F. Macrocelis, Tem.; Rimau Dahan of Sumatra. This animal, which has recently been described both by Dr. Horsefield and M. Temminck, seems to connect the Tiger with the Leopard, possessing the strong legs and thighs of the former, with the more cylindrical form of the body belonging to the latter; the head is proportionably smaller, and rather high in its vertical dimensions; the nose but slightly elevated; ears small and rounded; neck slender; and the tail of greater length and fulness than in any other species of Felis hitherto discovered; it is equal in length to the body and neck together; its hairy covering is longer than that of the body, and becoming more thick towards the tip. General colour whitish grey, inclining to cinereous, and on the under parts tinged with tawny; the ground colour spotted and banded thickly, and defined posteriorly with black, which on the larger spots takes the appearance of velvet; two longitudinal bands extend from the occiput along the neck and back, and are lost on the middle of the tail, and within these are two others, which also originating on the back of the head are lost on the neck; the stripes on the shoulders are very large and transverse; those on the sides of the body interrupted and angular; but both on shoulders and sides separated by the grey ground, which affords a tesselated appearance. Native of Bencoolen.

y Cats of large size, marked with round dark spots. F. Onca, Lin.; le Jaguar, Geoffroy; Jaguar or American Tiger, Bolivar. This animal, the Great Panther of the furriers, is nearly as large as the Tiger, but of heavier proportions; the hair is short and close, but longer on the under than the upper parts; the general colour yellowish on the upper parts of the body and outside of the legs, but white on the front of the upper lip, the lower jaw, neck, throat, chest, belly, front of the thighs, and inside of the legs; the neck, back, and sides, marked with a few large, yellow, roundish spots, edged with black, and some of them pointed in the middle with black; the neck and shoulders also badged with the same black-edged spots, whilst those on the other parts of the body are entirely black; corners of the mouth, tip of the tail, and the three rings near its extremity black; the inside of the ears white, their outside black, spotted with white. A black variety of this