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Note, 1. Ua, ue, uj, and uo, become Diphthongs after gi as, Quar-rel, Que-fti-on, Qui-et, Quo-ti-ent; likewift ua in per-funde, Per-fua-fion, &c.

2. Though eo cannot, properly, be called a Diphthong, y thofe Vowels are not divided in Peo-ple, Leo-pard.

RULE V.

Q. What is the Fifth general Rule for Divifion Syllables?

A. Let Words formed or derived, be divided according to their Original, or Primitive.

Q. What is the Confequence of this Rule?

A. Thefe Terminations, -age, -ed, -en, -er, -eft, -et, -eth, -ing, -i, -ous, -ard, -al, -or, ought to go by themfelves in Spelling; as, Herb-age, boaft-ed, gold-en, know-eft, latch-et, bear-eth, hear-er, bear-ing, fool-ife, ru-in-ous, Stand-ard, Mo-nu-ment-al, Ex-act-or,

Q. What is the first Exception to this Rule ?

A. Monofyllables, and Words accented upon the laft Syl. lable, ending in a fingle Confonant, without a Diphthong foregoing, double their final Confonant when they take any of the formative Endings; and then it may be proper to put the latter Confonant with the Termination; as, Pot-tage, blot-ted, blot-teft, blot-teth, blot-ting, biot-ter, ret-ren, j ifh, A-bet-tor.

Q. What is the fecond Exception?

n

A. When Words in e final take any of these Terminations, e final is loft even in writing, and then a Confonant may be put to the Termination; as, write, wri-teft, writeth, Wri-ter, Wri-ting.

Note, 1. Where cafting away the e would create any con" fufion in the Senfe, I advise to retain it; as, from the Verb finge, I would write finge-eth, finge-ing, to aiftinguish it from fing-eth, fing-ing, when the Word happens to be wrote on two different Lines for avant ef room. 2. If Words in e final have the last Syllable fhort, it is a much better Guide to the Ear, to let the Termination go by itself; as, For-giv-ing, for-giv-en, Lov-er, com-ing. 3. Such Primitives as take only y after them, have fome of the foregoing Confonants joined to it; as, earthy: But after u, w, and x, it must come alone; as, glu-y, flaw-y, Dox-y.

RULE

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RULE VI.

Q. What is the Sixth general Rule for Divifion of Syllables?

A. Let compound Words be reduced into their primitive Parts..

Q. What is the First Confequence of this Rule?

A. A Prepofition; as, ad-, in-, un-,, fub-, per, dif-, re-, pre-, must be pronounced by itfelf; as, ad-e-quate, in-i-qui-ty, un-e-qual, Sub-urbs, per-ad-ven-ture, dif-u-nite, re-pro-bate, pre-vi-ous, Yet we fay pe-rufe, instead of per-ufe.

Q. What is the Second Confequence of this Rule?

A. Beth will be the first Syllable in Beth-a-ny, Beth-el, Beth-a-ba-ra, Beth-ef-da, &c.

Wha is the Third Confequence of this Rule?

A. The Termination -ham will go by itfelf, at the end: of proper Names; as, Chat-ham, Fe-verf-ham, Buck-ing-ham, · Elt-ham; except South-am and Wro-tham..

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Q. When three Confonants meet in the Middle of a Word, bow must they be divided?

A. 1. If they begin a Word, they must also begin a Syllable together; as, il-lu-ftrate.

2. If they be proper to end a Word, they may all end the Syllable; as, larch-et.

3. ifthe two laft be proper to begin a Word, or the last of all bel, they begin the Syllable together; as, Kin-dred, Thim-ble. 4. If the two firft of them be proper to end a Word, the third may go to the latter Syllable; as, Bank-rupt.

Q. What is a Diphthong?

A. A Diphthong is the uniting of two Vowels in oneSyllable; as, ai in laid.

Q. What is a Triphthong?

A. A Triphthong is the uniting of three Vowels in onee Syllable; as, ieu, in A-dieu.

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A. Words duly joined together in Conftruction, make a Sentence; as, Pride is a very remarkable Sin.

Q. What Things are necessary for the true Writing and Reading of Sentences?

A. Stops, and Marks of Distinction.

Of STOPS and M ARK S.

Q. Which are the Stops, and Marks of Distinction used in a Sentence?

A. They are a Comma, Semicolon, Colon, Period, and Notes of Interrogation and Admiration: To which may be added the Parenthefis, Parathefis, Hyphen, Apostrophe, Diærefis, Caret, Afterifm, Index, Obelisk, and Quotation.

Q. What is a Comma?

A. The Comma, marked thus (,) is a Note of Refpiration, at which we may take Breath, but must not tarry. Q. What is the Ufe of the Comina ?

A. It is of Ufe for diftinguishing Words of the fame Kind; as, Nouns, Verbs, and Adverbs, coming together in the fame Sentence; for dividing long Sentences into short Parts, and for the taking away Ambiguities.

Q. Give me an Example.

A. Nature clothes the Beafts with Hair, the Birds with Feathers, and the Fishes with Scales.

Q. What is a Semicolon ?

A. A Semicolon, marked thus (;) notes a middle Breathing between the Comma and the Colon.

Q. What is the Life of the Semicolon?

A. Its chief Ufe is in diftinguishing Contraries, and frequent Divifions.

Q. Give an Example.

A. You confider the Power of Riches; but not of Virtue. Q. What is a Colon?

A. The Colon, marked thus (:) is a Note of long Breathing, as is exemplified below.

Q. What is the Ufe of a Colon?

A. It diffinguifheth a perfect Part of a Sentence, which has a full Meaning of its own; but yet leaves the Mind in and Expectation to know what follows.

Fxample.

Things, it is neceffary for a Man to take a himfelt: For we mostly think ourselves able

We can,

Q. W bat

Q. What is the fhort Accent?

A. It Admonisheth us to pronounce the Syllable quick; as,

Lot.

Q. What is the common Accent?

A. It hath no regard to the grammatical Quantity of a Syllable; but being placed over a Vowel, denotes the Tone or Stress of the Voice, to be upon that Syllable; as Plenty. Note, Thefe Tones or Accents are feldom noted by English Writers. but only for Difference-fake, as to diftinguish the Subftantive Lead, from the Verb Lead or Lead; or elfe to fix the Accent of Words of more than one Syllable, which though Spelt alike, have different Significations, and the Accent on different Syllables; as in the Subftantive Cóntract, and the Verb Contract; or in the Subftantive Minute, and the Adjective Minute. But the Long and the Short are much used in Latin Dictionaries and Grammars, as also that which is called common, and the (^) are much in ufe amongst French Writers.

CHA P. III:

Of ANALOGY.

HAT is Analogy?

A. Analogy teaches us how to know diftinctly all

the feveral Parts of Speech in the English Tongue. Q. How many Parts of Speech are there?

4. Eight: viz. Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Participle, Adverb, Conjunction, Prepofition, Interjection.

Of a Nou N.

Q. How many kinds of Nouns are there?
A. Two: A Subftantive and an Adjective.

Of SUBSTANTIVES.

Q. What is a Noun Substantive ?

A. It is the Name of any Being or Thing, perceivable either by the Senfes, or the Understanding; as a Horfe, a Book. Q. How many kinds of Nouns Substantive are there? A. Two: Proper and Common.

Q. What is a Subftantive Proper?

4. It is the Name of fome particular Perfon, Creature, Place, or Thing; as one Man is called Thomas, another John: One Horfe is called folly, and another Whitefoot: One Ship is called the Lion, and another the Sea-Horje: One Place is called London, and another Bristol.

Q. What is a Subflantive Common?

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A. It is the Name of every Thing of the fame Kind and Denomination; as, a Man, a Dog, a Tree.

Q. How many Things belong to a Noun ?

A. There belong to a Noun thefe feven Things: Number, Cafe, Gender, Perjen, Article, Declenfon, and Comparison. Of NUMBER.

Q. What is Number?

A. It is the Diftinction of one from many.
Q. How

many

Numbers are there?

A. Two: the Singular and the Plural.

Q. How is the Singular Number known?

A. The Singular Number speaketh but of one; as, a Book. Q. How is the Plural Number known?

A. The Plural Number fpeaketh of more than one; as, Books. Q. Have all Nouns two Numbers?

A. No: Some Nouns, fuch as the Proper Names of Places, have no Plural; as London, York, &c. as alfo Lime, Slime, &c. others have no Singular; as Afbes, Bellows, &c. and fome few are used in both Numbers; as Sheep, Swine, Deer, &c. Of CASE.

many

Q. How
Cafes are there in a Noun ?
A. Six Cafes, Singularly and Plurally.

Q. Which be they?

A. The Nominative, the Genitive, the Dative, the Accuative, the Vocative, and the Ablative.

Of GENDE. R..

Q. What is Gender?

A. Gender is the Difference of Nouns according to their Sex. Q. How many Genders are there?

A Three; The Mafculine, the Feminine, and the Neuter. Q. What Nouns are of the Mafculine Gender?

A. All Nouns of the Male Kind; as, a Father, a Son, a Horfe, a Lion.

Q. What Nouns are of the Feminine Gender?

A. All Nouns of the Female Kind; as, a Mother, a. Daughter, a Mare, a Lionels.

Q. What Nouns are of the Neuter Gender ?

A. All Nouns that are neither of the Male or Female. Kind; as, a Stick, or a Stone.

Q. Have all Nouns thefe Diftinctions?

4. There are fome Nouns, common to both Sexes, which called Epicenes; as, a Spárrow, a Servant, a Cát, a Rabbit, Q. How

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