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animals, he attacks and wounds them, and forces from them whatever they have been attempting to carry off: but, contented with victory, he lies down upon the spoil, and will not touch it even to satisfy his appetite, exhibiting at the same time, an example of courage, temperance, and fidelity: he reigns at the head of a flock, and is better heard than the voice of the shepherd; safety, order, and discipline, are the fruits of his vigilance and acti vity; sheep and cattle are a people subjected to his management, whom he prudently conducts and protects, and never employs force against them, but for the preservation of peace and good order.

"But in war against his enemies, or wild animals, he makes a full display of his courage and intelligence; he shares with his master the pleasures and fatigue of the chace; here too his natural and acquired talents are united and exerted; by the acuteness of his scent, he unravels all the windings of the labyrinth, all the false routes which were intended to deceive him; and instead of abandoning the object of his pursuit for a different animal, hè redoubles his ardour, he overtakes, attacks, slays, and extinguishes his thirst and his rage in the blood of the victim.

"The lion and the tiger, whose strength is so great as to ensure them victory, hunt alone, and without artifice. Wolves, foxes, and wild dogs, hunt in packs, assist each other with art, and mutually share in the prey. When the natural talents of the dog have been improved by education; when he has learned to repress his ardour, and to regulate his movements, he then hunts artificially, and is almost always certain of success.

"The predominant attachment of the whole race of dogs towards mankind, prevents these animals from separating themselves from us, till deserted, or, by some accident, left in places where

there was no possibility of reunion: as before observed, it seems beyond the power of ill usage to subdue the faithful and constant qualities inherent in them. They are found in great numbers wild, or rather without masters, in Congo, Lower Æthiopia, and towards the Cape of Good Hope. Those are red-haired; have slender bodies and turned up tails like greyhounds; others resemble hounds, and are of various colours, have erect ears, and are of the size of a large fox hound: they run very swiftly, destroy cattle, hunt down antelopes, as our dogs do the stag, and are very destructive, to the animals of chace: they have no certain resi dence, and are very seldom killed, being so crafty as to shun all traps; and of so sagacious, noses as to shun every thing that has been touched by man: they go in great packs; attack lions, tigers, and elephants, but are often killed by them: the sight of these dogs is pleasing to travellers, who suppose that they have conquered the wild beasts, and rendered their journey secure, by driving them away: they sometimes attack the sheep of the Hottentots, and commit great ravages among them. There are also multitudes of wild dogs in South America, derived from those carried over, and left there, by the European discoverers of that continent: they breed in holes like rabbit-holes : when found young, they instantly attach themselves to mankind, and will never afterwards join the wild dogs, or desert their masters: they have not forgot to bark, as some have alledged: they have the look of a greyhound: their ears stand erect: they are very vigilant, and excellent in the chace."

The

The dog was quite unknown in America, before it was introduced there by the Europeans. alco of the Peruvians, a little animal which they were so fond of, and kept as a lap dog, is too slightly mentioned by Acosta, for us to determine

what it was. But it is certain that the dog of North America, or rather the substitute the natives had for a dog, on its discovery by the English, was derived from the wolf, tamed and domesticated; these substitutes cannot bark, but betray their savage descent by a sort of howl: that wolfish breed want the sagacity of a true dog, and are detested by European dogs, who worry them on all occasions, retaining still that dislike, which it is well known all dogs have to the wolf: they are commonly white, have sharp noses and upright

ears.

The dog is subject to more varieties than any other animal. While a superficial observer would be ready to pronounce each of these varieties a distinct and separate species, each will mix with the other, and produce varieties still more unlike the original stock.

For the Monthly Visitor.

PIETY.

On Piety humanity is built;

Aud on humanity much happiness:
But yet still more on Piety itself.

YOUNG.

HE comprehensive mind of Dr. Young dis

and description of the most sublime and awful objects, and at another condescended to the consideration of those of a trivial and facetious nature. In perusing his writings, therefore, we cannot fail

both to be edified and amused: for upon all subjects they were very complete. In his religious productions we find an awful grandeur; in his moral, great delicacy, yet energy of language; in his facetious, sentiments truly witty, yet debased with nothing low. That he had a most happy method of expressing his ideas, appears from the quotations forming the basis of this essay. Many preachers, in discoursing on piety, might have called it a jewel, an inestimable possession; might have given it a thousand delightful characters; yet no description of its worth could be more appropriate and forcible than the words before us, which say it is the foundation of happiness.

True piety may be said to consist in a thorough conviction of the being and attributes of God; and in a strict determination always to conduct ourselves in such a way as we think will best accord with his mind and will.

That an infinite First Cause exists, all nature cries aloud; the wise man says, it is the fool who exclaims there is no God; and it is really difficult to suppose, there ever was one so great a fool as to make the exclamation. If we attend to the occurrences of nature and course of events, which take place in the little hamlet where we dwell, we shall see many striking delineations of a hand divine.But what is the hamlet where we dwell, or the kingdom of which it is a part, to the magnificent world which we inhabit? And what is this world, with all its niceties, to that system of worlds to which it belongs-or what that system, to the numerous systems unseen by the naked eye, revealed to us by the power of the telescope, and which seem to form but a trivial part in the extensive universe? When we merely take a survey of the several gradations of nature in the animal, vegetable, and mineral kingdoms, we surely must be

struck, as far as we can discern, with the consummate wisdom evident in each. And when, from the world of nature we turn to the moral world, and find, (as we certainly may upon attentive examination) every event, either directly or indi rectly, immediately or ultimately, friendly to virtue and morality; we cannot doubt but that an infinite Being originally created the universe; and continues, by his constant energy, habitually to direct and preserve it. Would a bird, which had never built a nest before, form it of the same dimensions and materials as though she had done it for several years, if some supernatural power did not direct her operations? Would all the several species of animals be kept separate, without the least shadow of a change, or turning, considering the intercourse which they have with one another, were not a protecting power constantly at work? Would the various vegetables germinate in their respective orders, never interfering with each other, were it not for some constant invisible agency? Would the coal-mine, wounded by human operations, continue to supply the wants of man, did not some constant power replenish and repair its losses? Would the seasons continue in their order, the sun to rule the day, the moon to attend the night, if the hand of the Lord could no longer send them forward in their respective courses? Surely not. The Lord called this universe from darkness, and without his habitual protection, into chaos it would sink again. And as this confusion never does ensue, we may safely exclaim with the poet, without being charged with enthusiastic

notions

All are but parts of one stupendous whole,
Whose body nature is, and God the soul;
To Him, no high, no low, no great, no small:
He fills, he bounds, connects, and equals all,

POPE.

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