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representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

3. No person shall be a senator or representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two thirds of each House, remove such disability. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

ARTICLE XV1

SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

SECTION 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

ARTICLE XVI 2

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

ARTICLE XVII

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each senator shall

1 Adopted in 1870.

2 Passed July, 1909; proclaimed February 25, 1913.

Passed May, 1912, in lieu of paragraph one, Section 3, Article I, of the Constitution and so much of paragraph two of the same Section as relates to the filling of vacancies; proclaimed May 31, 1913.

have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislature.

When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.

This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term

of any senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

INDEX

NOTE.-A guide to all of the important topics is furnished by the Table of Contents.

169 ff.

Accounting, municipal, 514 ff., 535 ff.; | Chairman, of the national committee,
state and local, 565.
Administration, national, 197 ff.; cen-
tralization in, 436 ff.; municipal,
517, 521 ff.

Ambassadors, expenses of, 295 ff.
Amendment, clause of federal Constitu-
tion, 56; the process of, 57 ff.;
initiation of, by a state, 60 ff.; clause
of the New York constitution, 411 ff.
Amendments to federal Constitution, I-
XI, 134 ff.; XIII, 57 ff., 392; XIV,
393 f., 394 ff., 615 ff., 617 ff.; XV,

394.

Apportionment, legislative, 75 ff., 462
ff.; congressional, 218 f., 393.
Appropriation bills, 263, 341 f.

Charter, municipal, 510 ff.
Citizenship, 150 ff., 393 f.
Citizens' Union, 486.
Civil service act, 208 ff.

Commerce, under Articles of Confedera-
tion, 40; constitutional provisions
relating to, 343; judicial interpreta-
tion of the term, 344 ff.; interstate,
346, 348 ff., 352 ff.; Interstate Com-
mission, 356 ff.; state control of,
606 ff.

Commission, Civil Service, 208 ff.; state
government by, 453 ff.; Interstate
Commerce, 356 ff.; government by,
529 ff.; public service, 609 ff.

Appropriations, obtaining estimates for, Committee of Correspondence, 16 ff.
338 ff.; in states, 459 f.

Arbitration, international, 110; treaty,
305 ff.

Army, of the United States, 309 f.;
American theory of, 320 ff.
Articles of Confederation, 25 ff.; criti-
cism of, 38 ff.

Assembly district leader, 579 f.
Assessment, problems of, 590 ff.
Assessor, office of, 590 ff.
Attorney-general, state, 452 f.

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Committees, conference, 272; legisla-
tive, 469 ff., 471 f., 474; party,
586 ff.
Congress, Continental, 18 ff.; under
Articles of Confederation, 26 ff.; the
federal, 214 ff., 236 ff., 247 ff.
Constituencies, size of, 464.
Constitutionality, considered by the
Supreme Court, 63 ff.; by Congress,
66 ff.

Constitution, the federal, convention
for drafting, 43 ff.; development of,
56 ff.; amendment clause, 56; and
executive practice, 69 f.; see Congress,
President, Federal Judiciary, Amend-
ments, etc.

Constitutions, early state, 72 ff.
Construction, "strict," 237 ff.; "liberal,"
240 ff.

Continental Congress, 18 ff.
Contracts, obligation of, 391.
Convention, call for Maryland, 36;
call for the constitutional convention
of 1787, 43 f.; New York appoints
delegates to the constitutional, 44;

difficulties confronting the constitu- | Governor, the royal, a ff.; in a corporate

tional, 44 ff.

Convention, party, 119 ff.; Benton's

colony, 7; in early state constitu-
tions, 73 ff.; powers and duties of,

432 ff.

Governors' Conference, 361 ff.
Grand jury, 88.

criticism of, 120 ff.; Lincoln's defense
of, 123 ff.; call for a national, 160 ff.;
composition of, 161 ff.; oratory in a,
164 ff.; "packed," 585 f., 588 ff.
Corporations, control of, 88 ff., 348 ff.,
481, 609 ff.; legislation against, 484
ff.; in politics, 572 ff.; opposition to,
606 ff.
Council, municipal, 521 ff., 526 ff., 529 ff. Home rule, municipal, 509 ff.
Counties, 465, 561 f.

Cuba, resolution for intervention in
behalf of, 378; Platt amendment
relating to, 379 f.

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Habeas corpus, 87, 134.
Hamilton, plea for strong government,
47 ff.

Health department, municipal, 543 ff.

House of Representatives, 214 ff., 253
ff.

Immigration, 100.
Impeachment, 216.

Implied powers, doctrine of, 63 ff.
Imports, 391.

Inheritance tax, federal, 323 ff., 331;
state, 603 ff.

Initiative and referendum, in Oklahoma,
413 ff.; in Oregon, 415 ff.; argu-
ments, for and against, 419 ff.
Injunctions, 88.

Instruction, of Representatives in Con-
gress, 233 ff.

Irrigation, 363, 371 ff.

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Labor, legislation, 91, 617 ff.; in city
government, 554 ff.

Legislation, 427 ff.; special, 458; refer-

ence bureau, 473; over-, 475 ff.
Legislature, colonial, 3, 7, 8, 10, 16;
limitations on state 57 ff.; proced-
ure in, 466; reform in, 467 ff.; and
railways, 478, 512 ff.

Liberty, religious, 10; under the Four-
teenth Amendment, 394 ff., 615 ff.
Lobby, organization of, 482 ff.
Local government, 10 ff., 556 ff.
Log-rolling, 269.

Machines, political, 82 f., 127 ff. See
Party.

Madison, on Articles of Confederation.

38 ff.; his views on the federal Con- Prohibitions, on the federal government,

stitution, 49 ff.

Martial law, 449 ff.

Mayor, power of, 519, 524.

Militia, national, 308 f.

Mineral lands, reservation of, 368 ff.
Money, 31; paper, 39, 391.

Monopolies, prohibition of, 89, 358 ff.,

606 ff.

134 ff.; on state government, 391 ff.

Railroads, 108 ff., 352 ff., 609 ff.
Ratification, of the federal Constitution,

54 ff.
Rebates, 354.

Recall, the system of, 531 f.; 497.
Reclamation, of arid lands, 371 ff.

Municipal government, 509 ff.; owner-Referendum, see Initiative and referen-

ship, 539 f., 548 ff.

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dum.

Registration, of voters, 401.
Removal, President's power of, 198 ff.
Rendition, interstate, 148 f., 392.
Repeating, in elections, 584 f.
Republican party, 96 ff.
Resources, national, 361 ff.

Office-holders, political activity of, Revenue bill, preparation of, 263, 333

578 f.

ff.

Rotation in office, doctrine of, 81 ff.

Pardoning power, of the royal governor, Rules Committee, 260.

5; exercise of, 448.

Parks, municipal, 545 ff.

Party, political, 50 ff., 92 ff., 160 ff., 220, Senate, the federal, 215 ff.; elections

247 ff., 567 ff.

Personal property tax, 597 ff.

Philippines, 111, 377, 380, 385.
Platforms, party, 95 ff.

Platt amendment, 379 f.
Police, 505 ff.

Police power, 394 ff.
Politics. See Party.

Popular election, of United States
Senators, 61 ff.

Porto Rico, III; government of,
388 ff.

President, 69 ff.; provisions of federal
Constitution relating to, 154 ff., 176
ff.; methods of nominating, 160 ff.;
as head of national administration,
177 ff.; and foreign affairs, 183 f.;
war powers of, 184 ff., 313 ff.; veto
power of, 187 ff.; message of the,
192 f.; influence of, on legislation,
193 ff.; power of removal, 197 ff.,
265; negotiation of treaties, 297 ff.;
recognition of foreign governments,
303 ff.; use of troops by, 317 ff., 393.
Primary legislation, 131 ff., 586 ff.
Private bills, 263, 469.
Privileges and immunities, in the Articles
of Confederation, 26; in the Constitu-
tion, 146 ff., 392 f.

to, 221 f., 225 ff.; original purpose of,
222 f., 270; powers in the negotia-
tion of treaties, 297 ff.
Senatorial courtesy, 212.

Senators, election of, 221 f., 225 ff.;
state, 72.

Separation of powers, 117, 138 ff.
Slavery, 95 ff., 392 ff.

Speaker, duties of, 256; political sig-
nificance of, 257 ff.

Special legislation, nature of, 84 ff.
Spoils system, 206 ff., 211.
States, sovereignty of, 25; prohibitions
on, 27 f.; conduct of, under Articles
of Confederation, 38 ff.; pretensions
of large and small, 46; constitutional
development in, 87 ff.; constitutional
limitations on, 391 ff.; government

of, 391 ff.; admission of, 399; selec-
tion of officers of, 438 ff.
Suffrage, 36, 72, 78; under the federal
Constitution, 143 ff., 393 ff.; in New
York, 399; and the negro, 401 ff.;
woman's, 405 ff.

Supreme Court, the federal, 140 ff.;
constitutional provisions relating to,
273 ff.; jurisdiction of, 273; power of,
over federal statutes, 274 ff.; over
state statutes, 278 ff.; Jefferson's

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