representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. 3. No person shall be a senator or representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two thirds of each House, remove such disability. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. ARTICLE XV1 SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. SECTION 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ARTICLE XVI 2 The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. ARTICLE XVII The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each senator shall 1 Adopted in 1870. 2 Passed July, 1909; proclaimed February 25, 1913. Passed May, 1912, in lieu of paragraph one, Section 3, Article I, of the Constitution and so much of paragraph two of the same Section as relates to the filling of vacancies; proclaimed May 31, 1913. have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislature. When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution. INDEX NOTE.-A guide to all of the important topics is furnished by the Table of Contents. 169 ff. Accounting, municipal, 514 ff., 535 ff.; | Chairman, of the national committee, Ambassadors, expenses of, 295 ff. 394. Apportionment, legislative, 75 ff., 462 Charter, municipal, 510 ff. Commerce, under Articles of Confedera- Commission, Civil Service, 208 ff.; state Appropriations, obtaining estimates for, Committee of Correspondence, 16 ff. Arbitration, international, 110; treaty, Army, of the United States, 309 f.; Assembly district leader, 579 f. Committees, conference, 272; legisla- Constitution, the federal, convention Constitutions, early state, 72 ff. Continental Congress, 18 ff. difficulties confronting the constitu- | Governor, the royal, a ff.; in a corporate tional, 44 ff. Convention, party, 119 ff.; Benton's colony, 7; in early state constitu- 432 ff. Governors' Conference, 361 ff. criticism of, 120 ff.; Lincoln's defense Cuba, resolution for intervention in Habeas corpus, 87, 134. Health department, municipal, 543 ff. House of Representatives, 214 ff., 253 Immigration, 100. Implied powers, doctrine of, 63 ff. Inheritance tax, federal, 323 ff., 331; Initiative and referendum, in Oklahoma, Instruction, of Representatives in Con- Irrigation, 363, 371 ff. Labor, legislation, 91, 617 ff.; in city Legislation, 427 ff.; special, 458; refer- ence bureau, 473; over-, 475 ff. Liberty, religious, 10; under the Four- Machines, political, 82 f., 127 ff. See Madison, on Articles of Confederation. 38 ff.; his views on the federal Con- Prohibitions, on the federal government, stitution, 49 ff. Martial law, 449 ff. Mayor, power of, 519, 524. Militia, national, 308 f. Mineral lands, reservation of, 368 ff. Monopolies, prohibition of, 89, 358 ff., 606 ff. 134 ff.; on state government, 391 ff. Railroads, 108 ff., 352 ff., 609 ff. 54 ff. Recall, the system of, 531 f.; 497. Municipal government, 509 ff.; owner-Referendum, see Initiative and referen- ship, 539 f., 548 ff. dum. Registration, of voters, 401. Office-holders, political activity of, Revenue bill, preparation of, 263, 333 578 f. ff. Rotation in office, doctrine of, 81 ff. Pardoning power, of the royal governor, Rules Committee, 260. 5; exercise of, 448. Parks, municipal, 545 ff. Party, political, 50 ff., 92 ff., 160 ff., 220, Senate, the federal, 215 ff.; elections 247 ff., 567 ff. Personal property tax, 597 ff. Philippines, 111, 377, 380, 385. Platt amendment, 379 f. Police power, 394 ff. Popular election, of United States Porto Rico, III; government of, President, 69 ff.; provisions of federal to, 221 f., 225 ff.; original purpose of, Senators, election of, 221 f., 225 ff.; Separation of powers, 117, 138 ff. Speaker, duties of, 256; political sig- Special legislation, nature of, 84 ff. of, 391 ff.; admission of, 399; selec- Supreme Court, the federal, 140 ff.; |