growan growan (grou'an), n. [Also grouan; ‹ Corn. grow, gravel, or sand.] Granite. [Cornwall, Eng.] Pryce. Hard grouan is granite or moorstone. Soft grouan is the same material in a lax and sandy state. 1. One who or that which grower (grō'ér), n. grows or increases. The quickest grower of any kind of elm. Mortimer, Husbandry. 2. One who grows, raises, or produces; a cultivator or producer: as, a hop-grower; a cattlegrower. In 1688, Mr. Gregory King... estimated the average price of wheat, in years of moderate plenty, to be to the grower 38. 6d. the bushel. taxed. Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, i. 11. The taxes on hops and saffron were the only excises ever in this country charged upon the grower of the thing S. Dowell, Taxes in England, II. 78. growing (grō'ing), n. [< ME. growinge; verbal n. of grow, c.] 1. The gradual increment of animal or vegetable bodies; increase in bulk, extent, amount, value, etc.; augmentation; enlargement.-2. That which has grown; growth. A more thicke and more large growing of heare. J. Udull, On 1 Cor. xi. growing (groʻing), p. a. Promoting or encouraging growth, as of plants: as, growing weather. growing-cell (grō'ing-sel), n. A glass slide for a microscope, designed to preserve infusoria and other subjects alive and in a growing condition. It consists of a glass plate with a small reservoir of water and a device for keeping up a capillary movement of the water. Also growing-slide. growingly (grō'ing-li), adv. In a growing manner; increasingly. A growingly important profession. growl (groul), v. [Formerly also groul, and dial. The gaunt mastiff, growling at the gate, The growling winds contend, and all Determined not to witness the humiliation of his favor- Each animal . . . fled growl (groul), n. [< growl, v.] A deep snarl- a 4. A vessel, as a pitcher, jug, pail, or can, growling (grou'ling), n. [Verbal n. of growl, of thunder. 2640 grown (grón), p. a. [Pp. of grow, v.] 1. In- 2. Arrived at full growth or stature. Ex. ii. 11. growsel (grouz), v. i.; pret. and pp. growsed, The increase of size which constitutes growth is the re- 2. Increase in any way, as in bulk, extent, The beginnings, antiquities, and grouth of the classical So forest pines th' aspiring mountain clothe, of that soil. dust; Or, clotted into points and hanging loose, noll. growth-form (grōth'fôrm), n. A special vege- [< growth + -ful.] Burns, To a Louse. As plump and gray as onie grozet. Encyc. Brit., IV. 502. grubby So depe thai grubbed and so fast, is time to grub. [Slang.] II. trans. 1. To dig; dig up by the roots: up shrubs or weeds. works. Builders of iron mills, that grub up forests, Massinger, Guardian, ii. 4. The very stumps of oak, especially that part which is dry and above ground, being well grubb'd, is many times Evelyn, Sylva, iii. 14. worth the pains and charge, for sundry rare and hard 2. [< grub, n., 3.] To supply with food; provide with victuals. [Slang.] The red-nosed man [Stiggins] warn't by no means the sort of person you'd like to grub by contract. Dickens, Pickwick, xxii. an insect; especially, the larva of a beetle: as, grub (grub), n. [< grub, v.] 1. The larva of the white-grub (the larva of Lachnosterna fusca). Also grubworm. . Follow the plough, and you shall find a white worm that is in Norfolk, and some other counties, called a Grub, and is bred of the spawn or eggs of a beetle: . . . you will find them an excellent bait. 1. Walton, Complete Angler, i. 17. The very rooks and daws forsake the fields, Where neither grub, nor root, nor earth-nut now Cowper, Task, v. 90. Repays their labour more. 24. A short thick man; a dwarf: in contempt. Carew. John Romane, a short clownish grub, would bear the whole carcase of an ox. food (as the product of grubbing or hard work). 3. Something to eat; victuals; a provision of [Slang.] Let's have a pound of sausages, then, that's the best grub for tea I know of. T. Hughes, Tom Brown at Rugby, i. 6. Time for grub came on: we started a fire, fried some E. Marston, Frank's Ranche, p. 24. fish, ate it. Same as grubbing-hoe. [< ME. grubbere, grubgrub-ax (grubʼaks), n. bare; grub, v., + -er1.] 1. One who grubs; grubber (grub'er), n. hence, a hard worker, especially a close student.-2. A tool for grubbing out roots, weeds, etc.; an agricultural implement for clearing tines fixed in a frame and curved so that the and stirring up the soil, with long teeth or points enter the soil obliquely. Also called cultivator and scarifier.-3. One who eats; a feeder. [Slang.] "I'm a heavy grubber, dear boy," he said, as a polite kind of apology, when he had made an end of his meal. Dickens, Great Expectations, xl. [< grub + -ery.] A grubbery (grub′ėr-i), n. After remaining several years in a state of suspended piece of grubbing or digging. [Rare.] animation, owing to lack of funds, this damp and sombre grubbery [the Thames tunnel] had now approached to within one hundred and eighty feet of low-water mark on the Middlesex side of the river. First Year of a Silken Reign, p. 164. Same as grubgrubbing-ax (grub'ing-aks), n. bing-hoe. A delving toole with two teeth, wherewith the earth is Nomenclator. opened in such places as the plough cannot pearse: some call it a grubbing axe. A tool for diggrubbing-hoe (grub'ing-hō), n. ging up shrubs, weeds, roots, etc.; a mattock. Also called grub-ax, grubbing-ax. [A var. of gropple, freq. of grope: see grub, v.] I. intrans. To feel in the dark, or as a blind man; grope. grubblet (grub ́l), v. He looked at the fish, then at the fiddle, still grubbling Spectator, No. 444. in his pockets. Be sure to mix among the thickest crowd; 2t. An instrument with an angular projection of steel, formerly used for cutting glass. Same as groser. In that year [1788] the preliminary growling of the storm grub (grub), v.; pret. and pp. grubbed, ppr. grubwhich was to burst over France in a few months' time was grozzer (groz'èr), n. already making itself heard. Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XLIII. 373.bing. [< ME. grubben, sometimes grobben, dig; growlingly (grou'ling-li), adv. In a growling prob. of LG. origin; cf. LG. freq. grubbeln, grubbyl (grub'i), a. [< grub, v., + -y1.] 1. grope, with equiv. grabbeln (cf. E. grabble). The Dirty; unclean, as if from grubbing. manner; with a growl. grubby So dark, so dingy, like a grubby lot Of sooty sweeps, or colliers. Hood, A Black Job. The houses, the shops, and the people all appeared more or less grubby, and as if a little clean water would do them good. N. and Q., 7th ser., IV. 536. 2. Stunted; poor; peevish. [Prov. Eng.]-3. [< grub, n., + y1.] Infected with grubs. All stag, tainted, and badly scored, grubby, or murrain hides are called damaged, and must go at two-thirds price. C. T. Davis, Leather, p. 55. grubby2 (grub′i), n.; pl. grubbies (-iz). [Cf. grubby1.] The common sculpin, a cottoid fish, Acanthocottus æneus, of New England. grub-hook (grub’hük), n. An agricultural implement, consisting of a large hook drawn by horses and guided by means of handles, used in grubbing up stones, roots, etc. grub-plank (grub'plangk), n. Refuse plank used in fastening together the parts of a lumber-raft. [U. S.] grub-saw (grub'sâ), n. [< grub, v., 1, + saw1.] A hand-saw, consisting of a notched iron blade with a stiff back of wood, used to cut marble slabs into strips for shelves, mantelpieces, etc. The cutting is effected with smaller blades, called grubO. Byrne, Artisan's Handbook, p. 86. grub-stake (grub'stāk), n. [< grub, n., 3, + stake.] The outfit, provisions, etc., furnished to a prospector on condition of participating in the profits of any find he may make; a layout. [Mining slang, western U. S.] Grub-street (grub'strēt), n. and a. [The name of a street near Moorfields in London, formerly much resorted to for residence by needy writers. It is now called Milton street.] I. n. The tribe of needy or sordid authors collectively. saws. Long, long beneath that hospitable roof I'd sooner ballads write, and Grub-street lays. Gay. Dampier, Voyages, an. 1683. Mankind are the wolves that I fear, O who shall grudge him Albuera's bays, Now have I A kind of grudging of a beating on me. Beau. and Fl., Honest Man's Fortune. grudgingly (gruj'ing-li), adv. In a grudging manner; unwillingly; with reluctance or dis content. Every man, according as he purposeth in his heart, so let him give; not grudgingly, or of necessity: for God loveth a cheerful giver. 2 Cor. ix. 7. grudgingness (gruj'ing-nes), n. The state or 2. To give or permit with reluctance; grant or quality of grudging; begrudging disposition. submit to unwillingly; begrudge. A trew [truce] to be takon of a tyme short,Sex moneth & no more,- his men for to rest: That the Grekes hym grauntid, grucchet thai noght. Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 8374. The stable and mercifull earth, which before had opened her mouth to receive his brothers blood, thinking, and (as it were) grudging to support such wicked feet. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 33. For which cause presbyters must not grudge to continue subject unto their bishops. Hooker, Eccles. Polity (ed. Keble), III. 165. The price I think ye need not grudge. Nothing grates on me more than that posthumous grudgingness toward a wife. George Eliot, Daniel Deronda, Ixiv. grudgings+ (grujʻingz), n. pl. [Earlier grudgeons, also gurgeons, gurgions; cf. OF. grugeons, the smallest or most imperfect fruit on a tree, < OF. gruger, F. gruger, crumble, crunch, grind : see grudge2.] Coarse meal; grouts; the part of the corn which remains after the fine meal has passed through the sieve. You that can deal with grudgings and coarse flour. Northern Lord and Cruel Jew (Child's Ballads, VIII. 278). grudgment (gruj ́ment), n. [< grudge1 + -ment.] The act of grudging; discontent. Browning. [Rare.] They sponge upon the blessings of a warm sun and a fruitful soil, and almost grutch the pains of gathering in the bounties of the earth. R. Beverley, quoted in Tyler's Amer. Lit., I. 87. For not so gladsome is that life That one should grudge its loss for Balder's sake. M. Arnold, Balder Dead. 3t. To entertain by way of grudge. Perish they That grudge one thought against your majesty! grudge1 (gruj), n. [< grudge1, v.] 1. Ill-will excited by some special cause, as a personal injury or insult, successful rivalry, etc.; secret enmity; spite. Among fooles there is much stryfe, disdayne, grudge, and debate. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 92. He ne'er bore grudge for stalwart blow, Ta'en in fair fight from gallant foe. Scott, L. of L. M., v. 28. Now was the time to be avenged on his old enemy, to wreak a grudge of seventeen years. Macaulay, Warren Hastings. 2. Unwillingness; reluctance. = Those to whom you have B. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 1. = Syn. 1. Animosity, Ill-will, Enmity, etc. See animosity. grudge2 (gruj), v. t.; pret. and pp. grudged, ppr. grudging. [Sc., also grush; OF. gruger, F. gruger, crumble, crunch, grind. Cf. grudgings.] 1. To crumble; crunch.-2. To squeeze; press down. grudgeful+ (gruj'fül), a. grudgefult (gruj'fül), a. [< grudge1 + -ful.] Grudging. grub-time (grub'tim), n. time. [Slang.] grubworm (grub’wèrm), n. Same as grub, 1. And gnats and grub-worms crowded on his view. Smart, The Hilliad. gruchet, grucchet, v. Middle English forms of grutch, grudge1. grudge1 (gruj), v.; pret. and pp. grudged, ppr. grudging. [A var. of the earlier and dial. grutch, early mod. E. also groudge, < ME. gruggen, a var. of grutchen, grucchen, gruchen, grouchen, grochen, murmur, complain, feel envy, <OF. groucier, grouchier, groucher, gruchier, grocher, gruger, croucier (ML. groussare), murmur, grudgeonst (gruj'onz), n. pl. See grudgings. grudge, repine. Origin uncertain; perhaps grudger (gruj'er), n. [<ME. grucchere; grudge Scand., cf. Icel. krytja (pret. krutti), murmur, +er1.] One who grudges; a discontented krutr, a murmur, Sw. dial. kruttla, murmur; or person. else of G. origin, cf. MHG. G. grunzen = E. grunt.] I. intrans. 1. To be unwilling or reluctant. They mone hafe gwerddons fulle grett graunt of my lorde! Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2820. They knew the force of that dreadful curse, whereunto idolatry maketh subject; nor is there cause why the guilty sustaining the same should grudge or complain of injus tice. Hooker, Eccles. Polity. 3t. To be sorry; grieve. But other while I grutche sore I grudg'd not at it, but am pleas'd it is so. 4. To murmur; grumble. For this oynement myght have be soeld more than for thre hundrid pens and be goven to pore men, and thei grucchiden agens hir. Wyclif, Mark xiv. 5. He gan to grucche and blamed it a lite. Chaucer, Prol. to Reeve's Tale, 1. 9. When he [William II.] built Westminster-Hall, he made that an Occasion to lay a heavy Tax upon the People, who grudged at it as done on purpose. Baker, Chronicles, p. 34. And rayle at them with grudgefull discontent. Spenser, F. Q., IV. viii. 28. These ben gruccheris, ful of playntes, wandringe after desires. Wyclif, Jude 16. grudgery (gruj ́ėr-i), n. [< grudge1 + -ery.] Grudging; disaffection; reluctance. [Rare.] Burke. I am convinced that no reluctant tie can be a strong one, and that a cheerful alliance will be a far securer form of connection than any principle of subordination borne with grudgery and discontent. grudging (gruj'ing), n. [A var. of earlier and dial. grutching, ME. grutching, grucching, gruching, groching, -ynge, murmuring, complaining, verbal n. of gruggen, grucchen, etc., grudge: see grudgel, v.] 1t. Murmuring; repining; complaining. And suffire mekely for his lufe with-owttene gruchynge if thou may. Hampole, Prose Treatises (E. E. T. 8.), p. 30. Sir, blessed be God, with all our evil reports, grudgings, and restraints, we are merry in God. Bp. Ridley, in Bradford's Letters (Parker Soc., 1853), II. 84. Great grudging and manie a bitter cursse followed about the leuieng of this monie, and much mischeefe rose there. of, as after it appeared. Holinshed, Rich. II., an. 1381. 2. Unwillingness; reluctance. Graunte me boute grucching to haue that gaie maide. William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), l. 4748. 3. Envy; begrudging.-4+. An access or paroxysm of a disease, as the chill before a fever. From any gout's least grutching Bless the Sovereign and his touching. B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed. So clerely was she deliuered from all grudgeyng of the ague. J. Udall, On Mat. viii. The strongest man May have the grudging of an ague on him. Beau. and Fl., Captain, iii. 1. grue, grew2 (grö), v.; pret. and pp. grued, grewed, ppr. gruing, grewing. [Also dial. grow; <ME. gruen, growen, grouen, also gryen (> E. dial. gryl, shiver), shudder, refi. be in pain; cf. Sw. grufca, shudder, refl. be in pain or concern, Norw. gruva, grua, dread, shudder, = Dan. grue, intr., dread, tremble, shudder, = D. gruwen, tr., abhor, execrate, = LG. grouwen = OHG. in-gruen, shudder, MHG. grūen, grūwen, G. grauen, impers., dread, fear: see further under grisel and growse1, and cf. gruesome.] I. intrans. To shiver; shudder; feel horror. [North. Eng. and Scotch.] I would have done Mr. Mordaunt's bidding, . . . if he hadna made use of profane oaths, which made my very flesh grue. Scott, Pirate, vii. That cretur's vice [voice] gars me a' grue. Noctes Ambrosianæ. II. trans. (impers.) To pain; grieve. [North. Eng. and Scotch.] gruel (grö ́el), n. [< ME. gruel, gruwel, grewel, growel, OF. gruel, later gruau, coarse meal, F. gruau, meal, oatmeal, grits, groats, gruel, < ML. grutellum (later, after OF., gruellum), dim. of grutum (> OF. gru, Pr. gru), meal, ‹ AS. grūt, meal, grout: see grout1.] 1. A fluid or semiliquid food, usually for infants or invalids, made by boiling meal or any farinaceous substance in water. His perseuerance aperethe in that Daniel saith, Prove vs thy seruants these 10 dayes withe grewell & a little wa ter. Joye, Exposicion of Daniel, i. Hence-2. Any pasty mess. Make the gruel thick and slab. Shak., Macbeth, iv. 1. To get or have one's gruel, to be severely punished, disabled, or killed. [Slang.] He gathered in general that they expressed great indignation against some individual. “He shall have his gruel," said one. Scott, Guy Mannering, xxviii. gruel (grö'el), v. t.; pret. and pp. grueled or gruelled, ppr. grueling or gruelling. [< gruel, n.] To exhaust; use up; disable. [Slang, Eng.] Wadham ran up by the side of that first Trinity yester day, and he said that they were as well gruelled as so many posters before they got to the stile. Kingsley, Alton Locke, xii. An overmasgrueler, grueller (grö ́el-èr), n. tering difficulty; a finisher; a floorer. [Slang, Eng.] This £25 of his is a grueller, and I learnt with interest that you are inclined to get the fish's nose out of the weed. Kingsley, Letter, May, 1856. Gresgruell (grö'el), n. In coal-mining, coal. ley. [Ireland.] grueller, n. See grueler. Grues (grū'ēz), n. pl. [L., pl. of grus, a crane.] Cranes and other gruiform birds regarded as a family or group. grueso (grö-ā'sō), n. [Sp., bulky, large, coarse, gross, grueso, n., bulk, thickness, gross; = E. gross: see gross.] In the quicksilver-mines of California, the best or first-class ore in large lumps, generally several inches in diameter. ten grusome, growsome, Sc. grousom, groosum gruesome, grewsome (gröʻsum), a. [Also writ(cf. Dan. grusom, cruel, = OD. grouwsaem, D. MHG. gruwesam, G. grausam, horrigruwzaam = ble, terrible, fierce, cruel); < grue (= D. gruwen = Dan. grue, etc.), shudder (the noun, OD. crushing. gruesome groww = Dan. gru = Norw. grur, gru, horror, terror, is later, and from the verb), + -some.] Causing one to shudder; frightfully dismal or depressing; horribly repulsive. Satures equinoctial night wrath is weird, grexame, Kingdey, Two Years Ago, iii. He fa dead duck) was found in the holidays by the ma tron, a grewsome body, T. Hughes, Tom Brown at Rugby, ii. 4. The dungeons of Villeneuve made a particular impres wlon on me greater than any, except those of Loches, which must surely be the most grewsome in Europe. H. Jumes, Jr., Little Tour, p. 219. gruesomeness, grewsomeness (gro'sum-nes), n. The quality of being gruesome or frightful. He (Tertullian) is often outrageously unjust in the substance of what he says, and in manner harsh to cynicism, Kornful to gruesomeness; but in no battle that he fought was he ever actuated by selfish interests. Encye. Brit., XXIII. 196. gruft, adv. See grof1. gruff (gruf), a. and n. [< D. grof, coarse, plump, loud, blunt, great, heavy, = LG. grov = OHG. grob, gerob, MHG. grop, gerop, G. grob, great, large, coarse, thick, rude, etc., Sw. grof = Dan, groc, big, coarse, rude. Root unknown; the OHG. gerob does not necessarily contain the prefix ge-, being prob. developed from grob.] 1. a. Kough or stern in manner, voice, or countenance; surly; severe; harsh. Zeno himself, the father of Stoicism, as gruff as he looked, might have enlarged our writer's catalogue for some very free thoughts. Bentley, Phileleutherus Lipsiensis, § 49. "Fool!" said the sophist, in an undertone Gruff with contempt. Keats, Lamia, 1. 292. II. n. In phar., the coarse residue which will not pass through the sieve in pulverization. Dunglison. gruff2 (gruf), n. [A var. of grove, groove, in the same sense.] In mining, a pit or shaft. Richardson. I rode to Minedeep, with an intention to make use of it [a barometer) there in one of the deepest gruffs. I could find. Locke, To Boyle, in Boyle's Works, V, 686. gruffly (gruf ́li), adv. In a gruff manner. Geraint,... behind an ancient churl, Ask'd yet once more what meant the hubbub here? gruffness (grufʼnes), n. 'Is noase sa grufted wi' snuff. Tennyson, Village Wife. grugeonst, n. pl. See grudgings. gru-gru (grö'grö), n. 1. In South America, the grub of the large coleopterous insect Calandra palmarum. It lives in the stems of palm-trees, and also in the sugar-cane, and is regarded as a delicacy by the natives. See Calandra, 2. 2. In the West Indies, either of two species of palms, Astrocaryum aculeatum and Acrocomia sclerocarpa, the wood of which is very hard, heavy, and durable, and takes a fine polish. Gruidæ (gro'i-de), n. pl. [NL., < Grus (Gru-) +ida.] A family of large, long-necked, longlegged wading birds of the group Geranomorpha or Gruiformes; the cranes. They have the bill equaling or exceeding the head in length, compressed, contracted in its continuity, with median pervious nos trils; tibie naked for a long distance; tarsi scutellate in front; toes short, with basal webbing, the hallux elevated; general plumage compact, without pulviplumes; the head In part naked; the wings ample, and usually with enlarged or flowing inner flight-feathers; and the tail short, usually of 12 broad rectrices. There are about 15 species, of various parts of the world, belonging to the genera Grus, Anthropoides, and Balearicu. See cuts under crane, demoiselle, and Grus. gruiform (grö'i-form), a. [< NL. gruiformis, < L. grus, a crane, + forma, form.] Having the form or structure of a crane; resembling or related to a crane. The Cariama is . . . a low, gruiform, rapacious bird. Eneye. Brit., III. 699. Gruiformes (grö-i-fôrʼmēz), n. pl. [NL., pl. of gruiformis see gruiform.] A superfamily or suborder of Alectorides, containing the gruiform as distinguished from the ralliform birds, or the schizognathous, schizorhinal, præcocial, grallatorial birds: corresponding to the Geranomorphe in a strict sense, and contrasted with Ralliformes. Well, Jack, by thy long absence from the Town, the Habit, I shou'd give thee Joy, shoud I not, of Marriage? Grumness of thy Countenance, and the Slovenliness of thy Wycherley, Country Life, L. 1 9 grumose (grö ́mōs). a. [< NL. grumosus: see grumous.] Same as grumous, grumous (gro'mus), a. [< F. grumeur = Sp. Pg. It. grumoso, ‹ NL. grumosus, grumous, < L. grumus, a little heap: see grume.] 1. Resembling or containing grume; thick; viscid; clotted: as, grumous blood.-2. In bot., formed of coarse grains, as some clustered tubercular roots. Also grumose. stead of reg. gram or grom, is due perhaps to association with the verb grumble, or with glum, q. v. Cf. Dan. grum, cruel, atrocious, fell, = Sw. grym, cruel, furious, terrible, = Norw. grum, proud, haughty, supercilious, colloq. splendid, superb.] 1. Morose; surly; sullen; glum. You, while your Lovers court you, still look grum. Wycherley, Gentleman Dancing-Master, Epil. And lastly (my brother still grum and sullen), I gave them a dollar to drink, and took my leave. Franklin, Autobiog., p. 51. 2. Low; deep in the throat; guttural: as, a grum voice. grumble (grumʼbl), ".; pret. and pp. grumbled, ppr. grumbling. [With excrescent b, as in fumble, humble, etc. ( OF. grommeler, grumeler, groumeler, F. grommeler), < MD. grommelen, grumph (grumf), v. i. [A variation of grunt. murmur, mutter, grunt, = LG. grummeln (Cf. Sw. grymta, grunt.] To grunt; make a G. dial. grummeln), growl, mutter, as thunder; noise like a sow. freq. of MD. grommen, murmur, mutter, grunt, D. grommen, grumble, growl, scold, = LG. grumen, "grummen, grumble, mutter (cf. G. dial. The con(Bav.) grumen, refl., fret oneself). nection with grum, grim, etc., is doubtful.] I. intrans. 1. To make a low rumbling sound; mutter; growl. The grumbling base In surly groans disdains the treble grace. Crashaw, Musick's Duel. Thou grumbling thunder, join thy voice. Motteux. From the old Thracian dog they learn'd the way To snarl in want, and grumble o'er their prey. Pill, To Mr. Spence. 2. To complain in a low, surly voice; murmur with discontent. Thou, thou, whom winds and stormy seas obey, That through the deep gav'st grumbling Isr'el way, Say to my soul, be safe. Quarles, Emblems, iii. 11. By the loom an ancient woman stood And grumbled o'er the web. William Morris, Earthly Paradise, III. 102. =Syn. 2. To complain, repine, croak. II. trans. To express or utter in a grumbling or complaining manner. grumble (grum'bl), n. [< grumble, v.] 1. The act of grumbling; a grumbling speech or remark. I am sick of this universal plea of patriotism. . . . However, this is merely my gruinble. G. W. Curtis, Potiphar Papers, p. 90. The really elaborate essay on the important man gives place, for the most part, to the record of the hundred and one events, . . . most of which are small to-day. That is our main grumble. The Academy, Oct. 27, 1888, p. 279. 24. A surly person. Come, grumbol, thou shalt mum with us. 3. pl. A grumbling, discontented mood; a fit of the spleen. [Colloq.] Pity isn't catching like the measles, or that opposite af fair, which we all can show - the grumbles. No Church, I. 273. grumbler (grum'bler), n. 1. One who grumbles or murmurs; one who complains or expresses discontent. Peace to the grumblers of an envious Age, Beattie, To Mr. Blacklock. 2. A fish of the family Triglide; a gurnard: so called from its making a grumbling noise while struggling to disengage itself from the hook. Grumbletoniant (grum-bl-toʻni-an), n. [<grum ble +-tonian, as in Hamiltonian, Miltonian, etc.] In Great Britain, in the latter part of the seventeenth century, a nickname for a member of the Country party, as opposed to the Court party. Sometimes nicknamed the Grumbletonians, and sometimes honored with the appellation of the Country party. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., xix. grumblingly (grum'bling-li), ade. With grumbling or discontent; in a grumbling voice or manner. = They speak good German at the Court, and in the city; but the common and country people seemed to speak grumblingly. E. Browne, Travels, p. 156. grume (gröm), n. [< OF. grume, a knot, bunch, cluster, clutter, clot, Sp. Pg. It. grumo, < L. grumus, a little heap or hillock of earth. Cf. Gr. kpóμаž, kλwμaž, a heap of stones.] A thick, viscid fluid; a clot, as of blood. Quincy. grumly (grum'li), adv. In a grum manner. Gruinæ (grö-i ́në), n. pl. [NL., < Grus (Gru-) grummel (grum'el), n. An obsolete or dialectal +ina.] 1. A subfamily of Gruidæ, including form of gromwell. the typical cranes of the genus Grus.-24. In grummels (grum ́elz), n. pl. Grounds; dregs; Nitzsch's classification (1829), a superfamily sediment. [Prov. Eng. and Scotch.] group embracing the cranes and their imme- grummet (grum'et), n. See gromet. diate allies. grummet-iront (grum ́et-i èrn), n. See grometiron. grum (grum), a. [< ME. grom, gram, ‹ AS. grom, gram, angry, wrathful: see gram1 and the allied grim. The particular form grum, in grumness (grum ́nes), n. The quality of being grum; moroseness; surliness. grumousness (grö ́mus-nes), n. The state of being grumous, viscid, or clotted. The cause may be referred either to the coagulation of the serum or grumousness of the blood. Wiseman, Surgery. grumpily (grum'pi-li), adv. In a grumpy, surly, or gruff manner. grumpiness (grum'pi-nes), n. The state or quality of being grumpy or gruff. grumpish (grum'pish), a. [< grumpy + -ish1.] Surly; sullen; gruff; grumpy. A farmer takes Summer boarders with a grumpish protest. New York Tribune, Aug. 11, 1879. grumpy (grum'pi), a. [Appar. extended from grum. Cf. frumpy, frump.] Surly; gruff; glum. To-night... there was a special meeting of the Grumpy the gravest face, and every laugh carried a forfeit. Disraeli, Coningsby. The world, it appears, is indebted for much of its progress to uncomfortable and even grumpy people. M. C. Tyler, Hist. Amer. Lit., I. 124. Club, in which everybody was to say the gayest things with She was a very grumpy stewardess, he thought. The Atlantic, I. 799. grumulose (grö ́mū-lōs), a. [< L. grumulus, a little heap, dim. of grumus, a heap: see grume.] In bot., resembling clustered grains; grumous. grundt, n. and v. A Middle English form of ground. grundel (grun'del), n. [A dial. form, equiv. to groundling.] Same as groundling, 2 (b). grundy1 (grun'di), n. [Origin obscure.] In metal., granulated or shotted pig-iron, used in the so-called Uchatius process for making steel invented in 1855, and nearly a hundred years earlier by John Wood. Grundy2 (grun'di), n. A name (generally Mrs. Grundy, though Mr. Grundy is sometimes facetiously used) taken as representing society at large, or the particular part of it concerned, in from the frequent question of Dame Ashfield, a regard to its censorship of personal conduct: character in Morton's play "Speed the Plough" (1798), "What will Mrs. Grundy say?" grunselt (grun'sel), n. An old form of groundsill. grunstane (grun ́stān), n. grunt (grunt), v. i. [< ME. grunten, gronten, grindstone. sometimes grynten, grenten, grunt, groan, = Dan. grynte Sw. grymta, grunt, = OHG. MHG. grunian, grunt (verbal n. grunung, a lowing, G. grunzen, grunt; ef. AS. ME. grunnien (rare), bellowing); L. grunnire, earlier grundire (> It. grugnire, grugnare = Sp. gruñir Pg. grunhir = F. grogner, gronder, grunt, mutter, grumble, > ult. E. groin2, grunt: see groin2); ult. of imitative origin; cf. Gr. ypišεw, grumble, mutter, ypu, the noise made by a pig (? see gry); but the Teut. forms appear to be allied to grin1, q. V. See grudge.] To make a guttural noise, as a hog; also, to utter short or broken groans, as from eagerness or over-exertion. And thei speken nought, but thei gronten, as Pygges. Mandeville, Travels, p. 274. Nothing was heard but grunting and groning of people, as they lay on heapes ready to die, weltering together in their own blood. Holinshed, Hist. Scotland, an. 1331. Who would these fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life? Shak., Hamlet, iii. 1. grunt (grunt), n. [=Dan. grynt; from the verb.] 1. A deep guttural sound, as that made by a hog. grunt Two or three old men answered, by nodding their heads, and giving a kind of grunt, significant, as I thought, of approbation. Cook, Voyages, II. iii. 8. 2. A fish of the family Hamulonida, as those of the genera Hamulon and Orthopristis: so called from the noise they make when hauled Black Grunt (Hamulon plumieri). out of the water. Also called pig-fish and growler for the same reason. See redmouth.-White grunt. Same as capeuna. grunter (grun'tèr), n. [< ME. gruntare; grunter.] 1. One that grunts. (a) A hog. A draggled mawkin, . That tends her bristled grunters in the sludge. Tennyson, Princess, v. (b) A fish of the family Triglide and genus Prionotus: so called along parts of the eastern coast of the United States. 2. An iron rod with a hook at the end, used by See grumbler, 2. founders. To powt, lowre, gruntle, or grow sullen. Cotgrave. gruntle (grun'tl), n. [Sc., dim. of grunt. Cf. gruntle, v.] 1. A grunting sound.-2. A snout. gruntling (grunt ling), n. [< grunt + -ling.] A young hog. But come, my gruntling, when thou art full fed, = Grus (grus), n. [L., a crane.] 1. The typical genus of Gruida, containing most of the species of cranes, of maximum size, white or gray in color, with crestless and partly denuded head, 12-feathered tail, flowing inner secondaries, and enlarged inner claw. The common crane of Europe is G. cinerea, to which corresponds the brown crane or sand-hill crane of America, G. canadensis or G. pra 2643 with some 50 inches of windpipe, nearly half of which is grush (grush), v. t. A variant of grudge2. grushie (grush'i), a. Thick; of thriving growth. Grusian (grö'si-an), a. and n. [< Russ. Gru- still in dialectal use. grutcher, grutching. Same as grudger, grudg- ing. [Scotch.] G-string pig': see gry2.] A genus of crickets, as G. abbreviatus, giving name to the family Gryllida: same as Acheta. See cut under Gryllida. grypanian (gri-pā'ni-an), a. [< NL. grypanium (sc. rostrum), a hooked beak (Illiger, 1811), Gr. Younάviov, neut. of yourávios, bent (applied to an old man bowed by years), <ypuros, hooked, curved around, as the nose, a beak, claws, etc.] In ornith., bent at the end, and there more or less hooked or toothed, or both, as the beak of some birds. The ordinary dentirostral beak, as of a thrush, shrike, or flycatcher, is grypanian. [Rare.] straight, bent at the end in an arched curve, acuminate, generally incised at the sides. Bill notched or grypanian, i. e. with the culmen nearly R. B. Sharpe, Cat. B, Brit. Museum, iv. 1879, p. 6. grypelt, v. An obsolete spelling of gripel. grype2t, n. An obsolete variant of grip2. An obsolete spelling of gripes. ML. grutum, grit: see grit, grout.] In pathol., L. gryps, a griffin: see griffin.] A genus of fossil grutum (grö'tum), n.; pl. gruta (-tä). [NL., Typest, n. Gryphæa (gri-fe'), n. [NL., <LL. gryphus for a small hard tubercle of the skin, particularly oysters, of the family Ostraida, notable for the of the face, formed by a retention of the secre- great thickness of the shell and the inequality tion in a sebaceous gland. Also called milium, of the valves, the right one being very large miliary tubercle, and pearly tubercle. with a prominent curved umbo. Gruyère (grö-yar'), n. [From Gruyères, a small Gryphi (grif'i), n. pl. [NL., pl. of LL. gryphus, town in the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland.] A kind of French and Swiss cheese. See Gru- brate animals, supposed to be intermediate bea griffin: see griffin.] A so-called class of verteyère cheese, under cheese1. tween birds and mammals, composed of extinct gryl (gri), v. i. A dialectal variant of grue. saurians, such as ichthyosaurs and pterodacgry2 (gri), n.; pl. gries (griz). [L. gry (in Plau- tyls, together with monotrematous mammals, tus, where recent editions print it as Gr.), the but having no characters by which it can be least trifle, Gr. ypu, always with preceding defined. J. Wagler, 1830. negative, 'not a bit, not a morsel, not a sylla- Gryphine (gri-fi'ne), n. pl. [NL., < Gryphus ble'; commonly explained as lit. a grunt, the+-ina.] 1. A subfamily of American vultures: noise made by a pig (cf. Gr. ypuλos, later ypiλsame as Cathartina.-2. Same as Grypina. os, a pig, ypice, grumble, mutter); but Hesychius and others say that you was prop. the fossil oyster of the genus Gryphaa. gryphite (grif'it), n. [< Gryph(wa) +-ite2.] A dirt under the nail, and so anything utterly in- gryphon (grif'on), n. An obsolete or archaic significant. Sc. gru, a particle, an atom, ap- spelling of griffin. pears to be taken from the Gr.] 1. A measure equal to one tenth of a line of a philosophical foot. It was never in general use. The longest of all [these horny substances] was that on arms, guarded by his wyverns, gryphons, unicorns. Amid these wizard tomes sits the enchanter king-atThe Century, XXIX. 178. gryphonesque (grif'on-esk), a. [gryphon + -esque.] Griffin-like. Davies. [Rare.] = γρυ A Book for Boys and Girls (1686), p. 32. (Halliwell.) Blanche had just one of those faces that might become grunyie, grunzie (grun'yē), n. Scotch forms very lovely in youth, and would yet quite justify the suspicion that it might become gryphonesque, witch-like, and of groin2, 2. grim. Bulwer, Caxtons, xviii. 3. Gruoidea (grö-oi'dē-ē), n. pl. [NL., < Grus + grydet, v. An obsolete spelling of gride. Gryphosaurus, ". See Griphosaurus. -oidea.] A superfamily of birds, the cranes, gryfont, n. An obsolete spelling of griffin. rails, and their allies: a synonym of Alectori- grylle (gril), n. [NL., said to be from grylle, Grypinæ (gri-pi'nē), n. pl. [NL., < Grypus + des, Paludicolæ, or Geranomorpha. the native name in the Swedish island of Goth-inc.] A subfamily of Trochilide; the wedgetailed humming-birds. Also Gryphina. gruppetto (gröp-pet'to), n. [It., dim. of grup- land.] A name of the Greenland sea-dove or po: see gruppo.] Same as gruppo. black guillemot, Uria or Cephus grylle: made by Typosis (gri-po'sis), n. [NL., improp. gryphosis, <Gr. yрunwols, a hooking, crooking, gruppo (gröp po), n. [It., E. group1, q. v.] In Brandt in 1836 a generic name of the same. music: (a) A group or division. (b) A trill or Gryllida (gril'i-de), n. pl. [NL., Gryllus + Tovoda, become hooked or curved, < YOURós, shake; a relish. -ide.] A family of saltatorial orthopterous in- hooked, curved.] In med., a curvature, especially of the nails. See onychogryposis. sects; the crickets. Grypus (grip'us), n. [NL., <Gr. puós, hooked, They are characterized by body; a large vertical a somewhat cylindrical curved: see griffin.] 1. The typical genus of head with elliptical eyes; Grypinæ, containing such species as G. nævius. Spix, 1824.-2+. In entom., a genus of weevils, long thready antenna; of the family Curculionida. Germar, 1817. wings, when present, netveined and lying flat, the grysbok (gris'bok), n. [< D. grijsbok, < grijs, anterior ovate, the postegray (see grise4), + bok E. buck1.] A South rior triangular and foldAfrican antelope, Calotragus or Neotragus meing like a fan; highly delanotis, of small stature and reddish-brown veloped genital armature, in the form of anal styles color flecked with white. It is easily captured, often almost as long as and furnishes excellent venison. the body; a long, cylinGrystes (gris'tēz), n. [NL., Gr. Yρúsεw, dric, curved (upward) ovipositor; and legs short, grumble, mutter.] A generic name of the often spinose, and variAmerican black-basses. able in characters. The Gryllida are widely distributed, and some of them are among the most plentiful of insects. Also called Achetida. Gryllina (gri-li'nä), n. pl. [NL., < Gryllus+ -ina.] A superfamily of saltatorial orthopterous insects, in which the crickets, Gryllida, are combined with the Acridida. Gryllotalpa (gril-o-tal'pä), n. [NL., <L. gryllus, a cricket, + talpa, mole.] A genus of Gryllida; the mole-crickets. It contains species of large size, robust form, and dull color, the body cylindric and hairy, and the legs short, the front pair being peculiarly enlarged and otherwise modified to serve for dig. ging. The species are not saltatorial, but fossorial, excavating long tortuous galleries under ground like moles, whence the name. G. vulgaris of Europe is the bestknown species. G. borealis and G. longipennis are two United States species. There are some two dozen in all, found in various parts of the world. See cut under molecricket. Field-cricket (Gryllus abbreviatus). [NL., L. gryllus, grillus, a cricket, grasshopper. A Gr. ypúλoç is cited, but this is found only in the sense of 'a nure. guarantee A device resinous wood. G. officinale, of the West Indies and Vene- 2. A fertilizer made from fishes. See fish-mazuela, is an ornamental tree which yields the lignum-vitæ of commerce, an exceedingly hard and heavy brownishA very poi- green wood, used for making pulley-sheaves, mortars, guano (gwäʼnō), v. t. [< guano, n.] To marulers, balls for bowling, etc. This wood had formerly nure with guano. a great reputation in medicine. It also yields the gum guano-mixer (gwä'no-mikser), n. guaiacum. (See def. 3.) G. sanctum, of the West Indies employed in fish-guano works for the purpose and southern Florida, is a similar tree, and is also a source of lignum-vitæ. See lignum-vitæ. of thoroughly mixing the fish-scrap with mineral phosphates and sulphuric acid. guaral (gwä'rä), n. Same as aguara. guara2 (gwä'rä), n. [Braz.] The scarlet ibis, Ibis rubra or Eudocimus ruber: taken as a generic name of the scarlet and white ibises by Reichenbach, 1853. gt., gtt. Contractions used in medical prescrip- page. Flowering Branch of Guaco (Mikania Guaco). of serpents, and was at one time considered a remedy for cholera and hydrophobia. It has also been proposed as a cure for cancer. 2. The Aristolochia maxima of tropical America, employed as a remedy for the bites of serpents. guaconize (gwä'kō-niz), v. t.; pret. and pp. guaconized, ppr. guaconizing. [guaco + -n+ize.] To subject to the effects of guaco. It is stated that the Indians of Central America, after having guaconized themselves, i. e., taken guaco, catch with impunity the most dangerous snakes, which writhe in their hands as though touched by a hot iron. Encyc. Brit., XI. 228. guag (gu'ag), n. [Corn.] In mining, an old working. guaiac (gwi'ak), n. and a. I. n. Same as guaiacum, 2 and 3. II. a. Pertaining to or of the nature of guaia cum. guaiacic (gwi-as'ik), a. [< guaiac + -ic.] Per- guaiacine (gwi'a-sin), n. [< guaiac + -ine2.] the North America, Flowering Branch of Guaiacum sanctum. including 8 species. They have pinnate leaves, blue or purple flowers, a 5-lobed capsular fruit, and very hard 2. [. c.] The wood of trees of this genus.-3. Also, in senses 2 and 3, guaiac, guiacum, EET Texan Guan (Ortalis vetula maccalli). nelope, Penelopina, Stegnolama), and some 40 species. The also cut under Aburria. guana1 (gwä'nä), n. [See iguana.] 1. The tu- He began whistling with all his might, to which the 2. The great New Zealand lizard, Hatteria guana2 (gwä'nä), n. See the extract. Guanaco (Auchenia huanaco). of wild llama, Auchenia huanaco, standing near- guaniferous (gwä-nif'e-rus), a. [< guano + guarabu (gwä-rä'bö), n. [Braz.] One of sev- Your Majesty, having been the author and guarand of tor. The guarantee is entitled to receive payment, first from the debtor, and secondly from the guarantor. Daniel, On Negotiable Instruments. 2. One who binds himself to see the stipulations or obligations of another performed; in general, one who is responsible for the performance of some act, the truth of some statement, etc. God, the great guarantee for the peace of mankind, where laws cannot secure it. South, Sermons. This was done while that Principality [Orange] was in the possession of the Prince of Orange, pursuant to an Article of the Treaty of Nimeguen, of which the King of England was guarantee. Bp. Burnet, Hist. Own Times, an. 1685. The person on whose testimony a fact is mediately reported is called the guarantee, or he on whose authority it rests; and the guarantee himself may be again either an immediate or a mediate witness. Esser, tr. by Hamilton, Lectures on Logic, xxxiii. 3. Same as guaranty. The English people have in their own hands a sufficient guarantee that in some points the aristocracy will conform to their wishes. Macaulay, Utilitarian Theory of Government. guarantee (gar-an-te'), v. t. [Also written guaranty: see guarantee, n.] 1. To be warrant or surety for; secure as an effect or consequence; make sure or certain; warrant. The intellectual activity of the acuter intellects, however feeble may be its immediate influence, is the great force which stimulates and guarantees every advance of the race. Leslie Stephen, Eng. Thought, i. § 17. The aim of Descartes was, no doubt, to find absolutely guanine (gwä'nin), n. [quano +-ine2.] A sub- ultimate truth and certainty, as guaranteed by the reflec stance (CH5N50) contained in guano. It also tive analysis of consciousness. forms a constituent of the liver and pancreas of mammals, and has been found in the scales of some fishes, as the bleak. It is a white amorphous powder which combines with acids and bases and also with certain salts, forming crystalline compounds. guano (gwä'no), n. [Sp. guano, huano, Peruv. Veitch, Introd. to Descartes's Method, p. lxxx. 2. In law, to bind one's self that the obligation of another shall be performed, or that something affecting the right of the person in whose favor the guaranty is made shall be done or shall occur. To guarantee a contract or an undertaking by another is to bind one's self that it shall be performed or carried out. To guarantee the collection of a debt is to bind one's self to pay it if it proves not collectible by ordinary means. To guarantee any subject of a business its being exactly as represented: as, the seller guaranteed transaction is to make one's self legally answerable for the quality of the goods; the carrier gave a bill of lading stipulated to be answerable for the quantity specifled, with the words "quantity guaranteed" (meaning that he without any further question or dispute as to amount). Public treaties made under the sanction, and some of them guaranteed by the sovereign powers of other nations. Burke, On French Affairs. |