galera

Taira (Galera barbara).

Galictis, contrasted with Grisonia. J. E. Gray. -3. Plural of galerum. Galerella (gal-ē-rel ́ä), n. [NL. (J. E. Gray, 1864), L. galerum, galera, a helmet, dim. ella.] A genus of ichneumons, of the subfamily Herpestine and family Viverrida. galeri, n. Plural of galerus. Galeria (ga-lē'ri-ä), n. [NL., orig. Galleria (Fabricius, 1798), prob. L. galerum, helmet: in ref. to the palpi, which are directed back over the head.] A genus of pyralid moths, of the family Galeriida. G. cereana or mellonella is the bee-moth, a great pest in apiculture, the destructive larvæ of which feed on the wax, and also bore tubes or galleries

in it. See bee-moth.

galericula, n. Plural of galericulum. galericulate (gal-e-rik'u-lāt), a. [ L. galericulum, a cap (dim. of galerum, a kind of hat), + -atel.] Covered as with a hat or cap; having a little galea.

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or Phytophaga, of the order Coleoptera, and typi-
fied by the genus Galeruca, now often merged
in Chrysomelida. Also called Galeruca (La-
treille, 1802), Galerucida (Leach, 1815), Galeruci-
tæ (Latreille, 1825), Galerucites (Newman, 1834),
Galerucides (Westwood, 1839), and Galerucaria
(Shuckard, 1840). [The group is disused.]
galerum, galerus (ga-le rum, -rus), n.; pl. ga-
lera, galeri (-rä, -ri). [L., also galera (neut.,
masc., and fem. respectively), a helmet-like
covering for the head, a cap, galea, a helmet:
see galea.] In Rom. antiq.: (a) A peruke or
periwig worn by both men and women. The fre-
quent changes in the style of hair-dressing were imitated
by these perukes. They were also worn for disguise, etc.
(b) A round or helmet-like hat of leather; a hat
or head-dress worn by some priests, especially
the flamen Dialis; any close-fitting cap, whether
of cloth or of leather.

As a separate male head-dress, there was the galerus, a
hat of leather, said to have been worn by the Lucumos in
early times.
Encyc. Brit., VI. 456.

saurus.

Galesaurus (gal-e-sâ'rus), n. Same as GaleoGalestes (ga-les'tez), n. [NL., supposed to stand for Galelestes, Gr. yahen, a weasel, + Anoths, a robber.] A generic name applied by Owen to the remains of a large mammal found in 1858 in the Purbeck beds of Upper Oölitic age, supposed to have been a carnivorous marsupial, one of the premolars of which had an external vertical groove. galet1, n. See gallet. galet2' (ga let), n. [< Gr. yan, a weasel.] A galericulum (gal-e-rik'u-lum), n.; pl. galericu-book-name of the foussa, Cryptoprocta ferox, a la (-lä). [L., dim. of galerum, galerus: see gale- feline quadruped of Madagascar. Cuvier. See rum. In Rom. antiq., a peruke. See galerum. Cryptoprocta. Galeriidæ (gal-e-ri'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., Galeria +-ida.] A family of pyralid moths, the beemoths, taking name from the genus Galeria: used by few authors. Also spelled Galleriida, Galerita (gal-e-ri'tä), n. [NL. (Fabricius, 1801), <L. galerum, a helmet.] 1. A genus of caraboid beetles. G. janus, a com

Gallerida.

Galerita janus. (Line shows natural size.)

mon species of the United
States, found under stones

in summer, is about three

fourths of an inch long, blu-
ish-black with red legs, an-
tennæ, and prothorax; the
head is elongate, and the
prothorax less than half as
wide as the truncate elytra.
2. In Mollusca, same as
Capulus.
galerite (gal'e-rīt), n.
[ NL. Galerites, q. v.]
An echinite or fossil
sea-urchin of the genus
Galerites or family Ga-
leritida.

Galerites (gal-e-ri'tēz), n. [NL., < L. galerum,
a helmet, -ites.] A genus of echinites, or
fossil sea-urchins, chiefly from the Chalk: so
called from the hat-like figure. G. albogalerus,
one of the commonest species, is so called from its fancied
resemblance to the white cap of a priest.
Galeritidæ (gal-e-rit'i-dē), n. pl. [NL. (J. E.
Gray, 1835), Galerites + -ida.] A family of
sea-urchins typified by the genus Galerites, with
globular or subpentagonal shell, centric mouth,
eccentric anus, and non-petaloid ambulacra
converging to a common apex.
Galeruca (gal-e-rö kä), n. [NL. (Geoffroy,
1764), of uncertain formation; perhaps L.
galera, a helmet, + eruca, a caterpillar.] The
typical genus of

the family Galerucidæ, resembling the larger flea-beetles, but having the front flat with a median impressed line.

G. xanthomelæna is a European species which damages the elm, and is said to have been introduced in America as early as 1837. It is of oblong form, a quarter of an inch long, of yellowish-green color, striped with black. Also spelled Galle

Galeus (ga'le-us), n. [NL., < Gr. yahɛóc, a kind
of shark marked like a weasel, yahén, a wea-
sel, marten, polecat.] A genus of sharks, giv-
ing name to the family Galeida, and variously
defined by different authors. G. canis, also called
Galeorhinus galeus, is the common tope, penny-dog, or
miller's-dog, one of the smaller sharks, about 6 feet long,
with sharp, triangular, serrated teeth. See cut under Ga-
leorhinus.

galgulid (gal'gu-lid), n. A bug of the family
Galgulida.

Galgulidæ (gal-gü'li-dē), n. pl. [NL., < Galgu-
lus+-ida.] A family of heteropterous hemip-
terous insects, of the group Aurocorisa. It con-
tains dark-colored bugs living in moist places, having a
short, thick, clumsy body, a nearly vertical shield-like tri-
angular face, prominent eyes, short, stout, acute, retrorse
rostrum, protuberant prothorax, blunt elytra, short spi-
nous fore thighs, and long free hind legs. Also called Gal-
gulini and Galgulites.
galgulus (gal'gu-lus), n.

Galgulus oculatus.

(Line shows natural size.)

name

[NL., L. galgulus,
some small bird, the
witwall.] 1. In or-
nith., an old book-
of various
birds, among them
the roller, Coracias
garrula. (a) The tech
nical specific name of
various species, as Lori-
culus galgulus, a lory of
Java. (b) [cap.] Same as

Coracias. Brisson, 1760.

Galilean

[< Galicia Galician (ga-lish'ian), a. and n. (G. Galizien) (see def.) +-an.] I. a. Pertaining to Galicia, a crownland of the Cisleithan division of Austria-Hungary, on the Russian frontier, formerly a part of Poland.

II. n. A native or an inhabitant of Galicia in Austria-Hungary; specifically, one of the indigenous inhabitants of Galicia, who are chiefly Slavs, divided into Poles and Ruthenians, speaking their native Slavic tongues. Galictis (ga-lik'tis), n. [NL. (Bell, 1826), < Gr. yaλ(en), a weasel, a marten,+IKTI, the yaken aypía, or yellow-breasted marten.] A genus of South American plantigrade Mustelina, includ

Grison (Galictis or Grisonia vittata).

ing the grison and the galera, related to the
martens. G. vittata is the grison, sometimes called the
South American wolverene or glutton, and Guiana marten.
G. barbara is the taira or galera. The genus is now usu-
ally divided into two, Galictis proper or Grisonia for the
first of these animals, and Galera for the second. See
Galera.
Galidia (ga-lid'i-ä), n. [NL. (Isid. Geoffroy,
1837), Gr. yades, a young weasel, dim. of
yaken, a weasel.] A genus of viverrine carnivo-
rous quadrupeds, type of a subfamily Galidiinæ,
of the family Viverrida. There are several spe-
cies peculiar to Madagascar, as G. elegans.
Galidictis (gal-i-dik'tis), n.
froy, 1839), Gr. yahudeus, a young weasel (dim.
of yahén, a weasel), + iKriç, the yellow-breasted
marten.] A genus of herpestine carnivorous

Galidictis striata.

[NL. (Isid. Geof

2. [cap.] In entom., the typical genus of bugs of the family Galgulida, of heavy build, with large prominent eyes, Galilean1 (gal-i-lē'an), a. and n. [<L. Galilæus, hollowed beneath Gr. Tanhaios, pertaining to Galilee, < Tahinaia, to receive the short L. Galilæa, Galilee, Heb. Galil, Galilee, lit. a stout antennæ. The genus is exclusively Ameri- circle.] I. a. Pertaining to Galilee, the northcan. G. oculatus is an example. ernmost division of Palestine in the time of galiat (ga ́li-ä), n. [NL., a var. of (or an error Christ, lying north of Samaria.-Galilean lake, the lake of Gennesaret, or sea of Galilee or of Tiberias, for) L. galla, gallnut: see gall3.] An old medical composition in which galls were an ingre- lying on the eastern border of Galilee. dient. Dunglison.

galiage (gā'li-aj), n. [<gales+-age. Cf. ML.
galeagium, a tax, tribute.] In coal-mining, the
royalty paid by the galee. [Forest of Dean,
Eng.]

Galic (ga lik), a. A rare spelling of Gaelic.
Galician1 (ga-lish'ian), a. and n. [< Galicia
(Sp. Galicia, ult. <L. Gallæcus, pl. Gallæci, a
people of western Hispania: see Gallegan) +
-an.] I. a. Pertaining to Galicia, a former
kingdom and later countship and province in
the northwestern part of Spain (now divided
into four provinces), comprising a part of the
ancient Roman province of Gallaecia.

The family of Cervantes was originally Galician.
Ticknor, Span. Lit., II. 90.
II. n. A native or an inhabitant of Galicia
in Spain. Also called Gallegan.

Last came, and last did go,
The pilot of the Galilean lake.
Milton, Lycidas, 1. 109.
II. n. 1. A native or an inhabitant of Gali-
lee.

And about the space of one hour after another confi-
Luke xxii. 59.

dently affirmed, saying, Of a truth this fellow also was

with him: for he is a Galilæan.

2. One of a class among the Jews who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans about the time of the emperor Augustus.-3. A Christian, as a follower of Jesus Christ, called the Galilean: used by the ancient Jews in contempt.

He [Julian the Apostate] died in the midst of his plans in a campaign against Persia, characteristically exclaiming (according to later tradition), "Galilæan, thou hast conquered!"

McClintock and Strong, Cye. Biblical Lit., IV. 1090.

Galilean

Galilean (gal-i-le'an), a. [Galileo, prop. only
the 'Christian' name of Galileo Galilei, the Ital-
ian family of Galilei being so called from one
of its members, Galileo de' Bonajuti. The name
represents L. Galilæus, Galilean, of Galilee in
Judea: see Galilean1.]
Of or pertaining to
Galileo, a great Italian mathematician and
natural philosopher (1564-1642), who laid the
foundations of the science of dynamics. He
was one of the earliest advocates of the Copernican sys-
tem of astronomy, and made many important astronom-
ical discoveries.-Galilean law, the law of the uniform
acceleration of falling bodies.-Galilean number, the
quantity g, or the acceleration of gravity.-Galilean tel-
escope, a telescope with a concave lens for its eyepiece,
like an opera-glass. See telescope.

galilee (gal'i-lē), n. [< OF. galilee, galileye,
L. Galilæa, Galilee: see Galilean1.] A chapel
connected with some early English medieval
churches, in which penitents and catechumens
were placed, to which monks returned after
processions, in which ecclesiastics were allowed
to meet women who had business with them,
and whence the worthy dead were buried. The
galilee was often lower than the rest of the church, and
was considered less sacred. Three galilees remain in
England, connected with the cathedrals of Durham, Ely,
and Lincoln. The name is supposed to have been suggest-
ed by the passage cited from Mark. Compare narthex.

But go your way, tell his [Christ's] disciples and Peter that he goeth before you into Galilee: there shall ye see

him.

entrance save from the church itself.

Mark xvi. 7.

Durham's Galilee, however, is not a porch, for it has no
The Century, XXXV. 2.

galilee-porch (gal'i-le-pōrch), n. A name
sometimes given to a galilee when it has direct
communication with the exterior, and can thus
be considered as a vestibule to the main church.

galim, n. Same as geleem.
galimatiast (gal-i-ma'shias), n. [Formerly
also gallimatias; F. galimatias, nonsense,
gibberish. According to Huet, the term arose
from the blundering speech of a certain advo-
cate, who, pleading in Latin the cause of a man
named Matthew, whose cock had been stolen,
often used, instead of gallus Matthia, Matthew's
cock, the words galli Matthias, the cock's Mat-
thew! But this story is doubtless a mere con-
coction, suggested by the form of the word. It
is perhaps merely a popular variation of gali-
mafrée, a medley: see gallimaufry.] 1. Con-
fused talk; gibberish; nonsense of any kind.

tries.

2436

Galipea (gal-i-pe'ä), n. [NL.] A genus of ru-
taceous trees and shrubs of tropical America.
G. Cusparia is a small tree of Venezuela, and yields the
Angostura or Cusparia bark, a stimulant aromatic tonic
and febrifuge.

galipot (gal'i-pot), n. [Also written gallipot;
F. galipot, formerly galipo (Littré). Cf. gari-
pot (16th century), a kind of pine; origin ob-
scure.] The turpentine which concretes upon
the stem of Pinus Pinaster.
galium (ga'li-um), n. [NL., < L. *galium, ga-
lion, Gr. yákov, galium (so called in allusion
to the use of Galium verum in curdling milk), <
yáha, milk: see galactic.] 1. A plant of the
genus Galium.-2. [cap.] A large genus of ru-
biaceous herbs, with square slender stems, ver-
ticillate estipulate leaves, small tetramerous
and usually white flowers, and a single seed in
each of the two cells of the fruit, which is dry
or sometimes berry-like. The stems are often re-
trorsely hispid, and the fruit is frequently armed with
minute hooked prickles. The roots of many species yield
a purple dye. There are about 200 species, found in all
temperate regions, over 30 occurring in the United States.
The goosegrass or cleavers, G. Aparine, is a common
species very widely distributed around the globe. Vari-
ous species are popularly known as bedstraw. The yellow
or lady's bedstraw, G. verum, has yellow flowers, as has
also the crosswort, G. cruciatum. The former is employed
in some parts of Great Britain for coagulating milk.
gall (gâl), n. [< ME. galle, < AS. gealla,
MLG.

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gall

lian, only in pp. gealled, galled, chafed (of a
horse), D. gallen, gall, chafe, =OF. galler,
galer, gall, fret, itch, rub; from the noun.] I.
trans. 1. To fret and wear away, as the skin,
by friction; excoriate; break the skin of by
rubbing: as, a saddle galls the back of a horse.

Besides, my horse's back is something gall'd,
Which will enforce me ride a sober pace.

Beau. and Fl., Knight of Burning Pestle, iv. 2.
The snorting beast began to trot,
Which gall'd him in his seat.

Cowper, John Gilpin. Show us thy neck where the king's chain has galled. William Morris, Earthly Paradise, II. 283. 2. To impair the surface of by rubbing; wear away: as, to gall a mast or a cable.

And the Gabriell, riding asterne the Michael, had her cable gauld asunder in the hawse with a piece of driuing yce. Hakluyt's Voyages, III. 66. If it should fall down in a continual stream like a river, it would gall the ground, wash away plants by the roots, and overthrow houses. Ray, Works of Creation.

3. To fret; vex; irritate: as, to be galled by

sarcasm.

Christ himselfe the fountaine of meeknesse found acrimony anough to be still galling and vexing the Prelaticall Pharisees. Milton, Apology for Smectymnuus. No Truths can be so uneasie and provoking as those which gaul the Consciences of Men.

Stillingfleet, Sermons, III. v. The sarcasms of the King soon galled the sensitive temper of the poet. Macaulay, Frederic the Great. 4. To harass; distress: as, the troops were galled by the shot of the enemy.

ONorth. galla OS. galla D. gal
galle OHG. galla, MHG. G. galle = Icel. gall
Sw. galla = Dan. galde L. fel (fell-) (It.
fiele: Sp. hiel Pg. fel F. fiel) = Gr. xoan (>
ult. E. cholic1, cholera, etc.) = ÖBulg. zlúti, zluci,
gall, bile; perhaps allied to AS. geolo, geolu, E.
yellow, q. v., to L. helvus, yellowish, and to Gr.
x2wpós, yellowish-green: see chlorin, etc.] 1.
The bitter secretion of the liver: same as bile2, 1. ments, but issued forth and cut them down in the exca-
See also ox-gall. In the authorized version of the Old
Testament gall is used to translate two Hebrew words,
one signifying animal gall, and the other a vegetable poi-
son the nature of which is involved in uncertainty. In
Turkey the gall of the carp is used as a green pigment and
in staining paper.

Ther hi habbeth dronke bittrere then the galle.
Flemish Insurrection (Child's Ballads, VI. 273).
They gave him vinegar to drink mingled with gall.
Mat. xxvii. 34.
Hence-2. Bitterness of feeling; rancor; ma-
lignity; hate.

All this not moves me,
Nor stirs my gall, nor alters my affections.
Fletcher, Rule a Wife, iv. 3.
Neither envy nor gall hath enterd me upon this contro-
Milton, Church-Government, ii., Pref.
3. The gall-bladder.
The married couple, as a testimony of future concord,
did cast the gall of the sacrifice behind the altar.

And now Tacitus, so long famed for his political sagacity, will be made to pronounce this gallimatias from his oracular tripod, "The Jews were not convicted so properly for the crime of setting fire to Rome, as for the crime of being hated by all mankind." Warburton, Divine Legation, iv., Pref. 2. Any confused or nonsensical mixture of incongruous things. 4. [Cf. bile2, 2.] Impudence; effrontery; cheek. Her dress, like her talk, is a galimatias of several coun- [Local, slang.]-5. The scum of melted glass. Walpole, Letters, II. 332. -In the gall of bitterness. See bitterness. galimeta-wood (gal-i-me'tä-wud), n. The gall2 (gal), n. [Early mod. E. also gaul, gaule; wood of the white bully-tree of the West In-ME. galle, < AS. gealla, a gall (on a horse), dies, Dipholis salicifolia. See bully-tree. D. gal, a windgall, = MLG. galle = MHG. galingale, n. See galangal. galle, a swelling or tumor on a horse's leg, G. galiongee (gal-ion-je'), n. [< Turk. qalyonji, galle: Dan. galle = Sw. galla, a disease in a a man-of-war's man, a sailor in the navy, horse's feet, an excrescence under a horse's qalyon, a man-of-war (prob. < It. galeone, a tongue, Icel. galli, a flaw, fault, defect. Cf. galleon: see galleon), + ji, a suffix denoting OF. galle, a galling, fretting, itching of the occupation.] A Turkish sailor. skin, F. gale, a scab, scurf, mange, itch, ML. galla, scab; Sp. agalla, pl. agalles, windgalls, also a distemper of the glands under the cheeks or in the tonsils. If the Rom. forms are not of Teut. origin, all the forms must be referred to L. galla, a gallnut, with which at all events they have been confused: see gall3.] 1. A sore on the skin, caused by fretting or rubbing; an excoriation.

All that a careless eye could see In him was some young Galiongée. Byron, Bride of Abydos, ii. 9. galiott, galliott (gal'i-ot), n. [Formerly also galeot, galleot, galeote; ME. galioteĎ. galjoot G. galiotte, galeotte Dan. galliot Sw. galiot, OF. galiote, F. galiote, galiotte, f., OF. (also F.) galiot, m., = Sp. Pg. galeota = It. galeotta, ML. galeota, dim. of galea, a galley: see galley.] 1. A small galley or a sort of brigantine formerly in use, built for pursuit, and propelled by both sails and oars, having one mast and sixteen or twenty seats for rowers. The whole Nauie there meeting together, were 254. tall shippes, and aboue threescore galliots. Hakluyt's Voyages, II. 24. Certain galliots of Turks laying aboard of certain vessels of Venice.

Capt. Roger Bodenham (Arber's Eng. Garner, I. 37). There are several fine arsenals about it [the port of Candia), which are arched over, in order to build or lay up ships or galeotes, though many of them have been destroyed. Pococke, Description of the East, II. i. 258. 2. An old Dutch or Flemish vessel for cargoes, with very much rounded ribs and a flattish bottom, a mizzenmast placed near the stern carrying a square mainsail and maintopsail, and a forestay to the mainmast (there being no foremast), with forestaysail and jibs.-3. A bombketch.

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Enough, you rubbed the guiltie on the gaule.
Mir. for Mags., p. 463.

If they be pricked, they will kick; if they be rubbed on
the gall, they will wince. Latimer, Sermon of the Plough.
This is the fatallest wound; as much superiour to the
former as a gangrene is to a gall or a scratch.

Government of the Tongue. 2. A fault, imperfection, or blemish. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.]-3. In stone- and marblecutting, a hollow made in the surface of a slab by changing the direction of the cut.-4. A spot where grass, corn, or trees have failed. Halliwell (spelled gaul).-5. In the southern United States, a low spot, as near the mouth of a river, where the soil under the matted surface has been washed away, or has been so exhausted that nothing will grow on it. See bay-gall.Cypress-gall, a gall which has a firm, sandy soil, free from acidity, bearing a dwarf kind of cypress unfit for use. Bartlett. See def. 5.- To claw on the gallt. See claw. gall2 (gâl), v. [Early mod. E. also gaul, gaule; <ME. gallen, chiefly in pp. galled, < AS. *geal

Leisly then commanded three hundred horse to advance into the riuer, whom the musqueteers from behind the works so galled as they were enforced to retire. Baker, Charles I., an. 1640. The Christians not merely galled them from the battlevations they were attempting to form.

Irving, Granada, p. 44. II. intrans. 1. To fret; be or become chafed. Thou'lt gall between the tongue and the teeth, with fretting. B. Jonson, Bartholomew Fair, ii. 1. 2. To act in a galling manner; make galling or irritating remarks.

I have seen you gleeking and galling at this gentleman twice or thrice. Shak., Hen. V., v. 1. gal13 (gâl), n. [Not in ME.; < OF. galle, F. galle OSP. galla, Sp. agalla Pg. galha It. galla Dan. galle, in comp. gal-= D. galG. gall- Sw. gall-, in comp. (see gall-apple, gallnut), a gall, gallnut, < L. galla, a gallnut, oak-apple.] 1. A vegetable excrescence produced by the deposit of the egg of an insect in the bark or leaves of a plant, ordinarily due to the action of some virus deposited by the irritation of the larva. Galls made by Cynipida are female along with the egg, but often to the of the former kind; but some other hymenopters, as certain saw-flies, and many lepidopters, dipters, coleopters, and hemipters are also gall-makers. The galls of commerce are produced by a species of Cynips which deposits its eggs in the tender shoots of the Quercus Lusitanica (Q. infectoria), a species of oak abundant in Asia Minor, Syria, Persia, etc. Galls are inodorous, and have a nauseously bitter and astringent taste. They are nearly spherical, and vary from the size of a pea to that of a hazelnut. When good, they are of a blue, black, or deep-olive color. They

Gall, or Oak-apple, produced by Cynips quercus-inanis, showing the internal cobwebby structure.

are also termed nutgalls or gallnuts, and are known in commerce by the names of white, green, and blue. The two latter kinds are the best. The chief products of galls are tannin or gallotannic acid, of which the best galls yield from 60 to 70 per cent. Galls from other species of oak, as well as from other kinds of trees, are met with in commerce and are used for dyeing and tanning, as tamarisksemialata, and Bokhara galls from various species of Pisgalls from Tamarix orientalis, Chinese galls from Rhus tacia. These galls are of very various forms and sizes.

The nuts called galls doe ever breake out all at once in a night, and namely about the beginning of June, when the sunne is out of the signe Gemini.

gall

I swear (and else may insects prick
Each leaf into a gall)

described as such.

This girl, for whom your heart is sick, Is three times worth them all. Tennyson, The Talking Oak. In the autumn (also on oak leaves) are found those curious flat brownish galls commonly called "oak spangles," which by many are taken for fungi, and have indeed been Encyc. Brit., XII. 574. 2. An excrescence on or under the skin of a mammal or a bird, produced by the puncture of an acarid or of an insect of the dipterous genus Estrus. Encyc. Brit.-3. A distortion in a plant caused by a species of parasitic fungus. [Rare.]

gall3 (gâl), v. t. [< gall3, n.] To impregnate with a decoction of galls.

By galling, silk increases in weight, so that by repeating several times the steeping in galls a very considerable increase of weight can be communicated to silk.

O'Neill, Dyeing and Calico Printing, p. 80. For the dyeing of raw silk black, it is galled cold, with the bath of galls which has already served for the black of boiled silk. Ure, Dict., I. 358. Galla (gal ́ä), n. [Native name.] One of a race of eastern Africa, inhabiting the region from Abyssinia southward to the vicinity of the equator, and numerous in Abyssinia itself. Although having a dark complexion, the Gallas are not related to the negroes; their language is allied to that of the Somalis and other neighboring peoples, and belongs to the Hamitic division of languages.

gallachet, n. See galosh.

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2437

.

Violante del Cielo died in 1693, ninety-two years old,
having written and published many volumes of po-
etry and prose, some of the contents of which are too gal-
lant to be very nunlike. Ticknor, Span. Lit., III. 26.
=Syn. 1. Magnificent, brilliant.—2. Valiant, Courageous,
etc. (see brave); bold, high-spirited, manful.
plied to a woman); a courtly or fashionable
II. n. 1. A gay, dashing person (rarely ap-

man.

The reformation of our travell'd gallants,
That fill the court with quarrels, talk, and tailors.
Shak., Hen. VIII., i. 3.

I saw the auncient pictures of many Roman Gallants.
Coryat, Crudities, I. 185.
Mer. This widow seems a gallant.
Love. A goodly woman;

And to her handsomeness she bears her state,
Reserv'd and great.

Fletcher, Wit without Money, i. 1.
Now 'tis nois'd I have money enough, how many gal-
lants of all sorts and sexes court me!

Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1.
Was it not my Gallant that whistled so charmingly in the
Parlour, before he went out this Morning? He's a most
accomplished Cavalier. Steele, Tender Husband, ii. 1.

gall-duct

What hope hast thou to grow vp still in the pride of thy strength, gallantnes, and health?

Dekker, Seven Deadly Sins, Ind., p. 9.

That which gives to human actions the relish of justice is a certain nobleness or gallantness of courage (rarely found), by which a man scorns to be beholding for the contentment of his life to fraud or breach of promise. Hobbes, Man, i. 15. gallantry (gal'ant-ri), n.; pl. gallantries (-riz). [K OF. gallanterie, galanterie, F. galanterie (= Sp. galanteria It. galanteria), < galant, gallant: see gallant and -ry.] 1. Fine appearance; show; finery; splendor; magnificence. Beyond the Riuer of Palmes they found others thus beringed, and for greater gallantrie ware about their necks certaine chaines of teeth, seeming to be the teeth of men. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 647.

2. An ardent, intrepid youth; a daring spirit; spirit: as, the gallantry of the troops under fire

a man of mettle. [Obsolete or archaic.]
Amongst the rest he had chosen Gabrielle Beadle, and
Iohn Russell, the only two gallants of this last Supply.
Quoted in Capt. John Smith's Works, I. 197.
Scarce blood enough in all their sickly veins
To give each naked curtle-axe a stain,
That our French gallants shall to-day draw out.
Shak., Hen. V., iv. 2.

3. (Also ga-lant'.) A man who is particularly
attentive to women; one who habitually escorts
or attends upon women; a ladies' man.-4. A
wooer; a suitor; in a bad sense, a rake; a lib-

ertine.

O wicked, wicked world!—one that is well-nigh worn to pieces with age, to show himself a young gallant! Shak., M. W. of W., ii. 1.

gallant (gal'ant), a. and n. [I. a. < ME. galant,
galaunt (found only as a noun), < OF. galant, F.
galant (= Sp. It. galante), gay, sprightly, brave,
ppr. of galer, rejoice, make merry, gale, show,
mirth, festivity, Sp. Pg. gala, show, court-
dress, It. gala, festive attire, ornament (see
galal); prob. of Teut. origin: AS. gāl, wanton,
bad, =OS. gēl, mirthful, = D. geil MLG.
geil, vigorous, hilarious, proud, luxuriant, fer-
tile, OHG. MHG. G. geil, rank, luxuriant,
wanton, lascivious (> Dan. geil, lascivious).
Cf. Icel. gall, a fit of gaiety, Goth. gailjan, make
to rejoice. II. n. ‹ ME. galant, galaunt, < OF.
galant, n., = Sp. galan, n.; from the adj. The
attempted distinction of accent in the sense
'polite and attentive to women' is recent (18th
century) and artificial, in imitation of the F.
accent.] I. a. 1. Gay; fine; splendid; mag-
nificent; showy as regards dress, ornamenta- 2. To handle with grace or in a modish man-
tion, or any external decorative effect. [Now
rare except with reference to attire.]

Bothwell (Child's Ballads, I. 158).

I thought he had been king, he was so gallant ;
There's none here wears such gold.

Fletcher and Rowley, Maid in the Mill, iii. 2.

This towne is built in a very gallant place.

Evelyn, Diary, March 18, 1644. A more gallant and beautiful armada never before quitted the shores of Spain. Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., ii. 4. 2. Brave; high-spirited; heroic: as, a gallant officer.

She had nothing to dread from midnight assassins or
drunken gallants. Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey, p. 133.
5t. Naut., any flag carried at the mizzenmast.
gallant (gal'ant; in senses 2 and 3 ga-lant'), v.
[< gallant, n.] 1. trans. 1. To make gallant or
fine; deck out. [Rare.]

Enter Bubble gallanted. J. Cook, Green's Tu Quoque.
She is gallanted in her best bravery of silk and satin.
N. A. Rev., CXLIII. 4.

ner.

I teach young gentlemen the whole art of gallanting a
fan.
Addison, The Fan Exercise.

3. To play the gallant toward (a woman); at-
tend or escort with deferential courtesy: as, to
gallant a lady to the theater.

Old men, whose trade is
Still to gallant and dangle with the ladies.
Goldsmith, Epil. for She Stoops to Conquer.
II. intrans. To make love; be gallant.
I rather hop'd I should no more
Hear from you o' th' gallanting score.
For hard dry-bastings used to prove
The readiest remedies of love.

S. Butler, Hudibras, II. i. 644.

was admirable.

I take the gallantry of private soldiers to proceed from the same, if not from a nobler impulse than that of gentlemen and officers. Steele Tatler, No. 87. 3. Courtliness or polite attention to ladies. The soldier breathed the gallantries of France, And every flowery courtier writ romance.

her longer.

Pope, Imit. of Horace, II. i. 145. It was not in the power of all his gallantry to detain Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey, p. 99. 4. In a sinister sense, equivocal attention to women; profligate intrigue.

In the time of the commonwealth she [the Duchess of Cleveland] commenced her career of gallantry, and terminated it under Anne, by marrying that worthless fop. Macaulay, Comic Dramatists of the Restoration. He [Lord Auckland] is destitute of all that ability for the present discussion which is not to be acquired without much experience in the arts of practical gallantry. Horsley, Speech upon the Adultery Bill. 5+. Gallants collectively. Hector, Deiphobus, Helenus, Antenor, and all the gal lantry of Troy. Shak., T. and C., iii. 1. I went to Hide-park, where was his Matie and aboundance of gallantrie. Evelyn, Diary, July 3, 1660. State gallantry, the courtesies of intercourse between royal or sovereign houses.

A more free and indefinite treatment of sovereign houses by one another consists in friendly announcements of interesting events, as births, deaths, betrothals, and marriages; and in corresponding expressions of congratulation or condolence, amounting in the latter case even to the putting on of mourning. These courtesies of intercourse are called by some text-writers state-gallantry. Woolsey, Introd. to Inter. Law, § 84. gallanty-showt (gal'an-ti-sho), n. [Also gallantee-, galanty-show; "<*gallanty, a corruption of gallantry or gallantise, + show, n.] A miniature pantomime performed by means of shadows on a wall or screen.

=

O yes, I have been, ma'am, to visit the Queen, ma'am, And the rest of the gallantee show. Political Ballad of George IV.'s Time. gall-apple (gâl'ap'l), n. [= D. galappel : G. [< OF. gallantise, < gallant, ga-gallapfel = Dan. galæble gallantiset, n. lant, gallant: see gallant.] Gallant bearing; gall3 + apple.] The gall of the gall-oak; an Sw. galläpple; as gallantry. oak-apple; a gallnut.

6.

Grey-headed senate and youth's gallantise. Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. Arch. You have an unspeakable comfort of your young gallantly (gal'ant-li), adv. 1. In a gallant manner; gaily; showily. [Archaic.]

prince Mamillius.
Cam. It is a gallant child.

Shak., W. T., i. 1.

Questionless, this Gustavus (whose Anagram is Augus tus) was a great Captain, and a gallant Man. Howell, Letters, I. vi. 6. He [Lesley] told them, by lying there all was sure; but that by engaging in action with gallant and desperate men all might be lost; yet they still called on him to fall on. Bp. Burnet, Hist. Own Times, i. The gallant soldier whom he [Arnold] had led within the American lines . . . expiated his conduct on the gibbet. Lecky, Eng. in 18th Cent., xiv.

es..

3. Honorable; magnanimous; chivalrous; noble: as, a gallant antagonist.

That gallant spirit hath aspir'd the clouds, Which too untimely here did scorn the earth. Shak., R. and J., iii. 1. 4. (Also ga-lant'.) In later use, courtly; polite; attentive to women; inclined to courtship; in a bad sense, amorous; erotic. When first the soul of love is sent abroad, the gay troops [of birds] begin

In gallant thought to plume the painted wings.
Thomson, Spring, 1. 585.
The General attended her himself to the street-door,

saying everything gallant as they went down stairs, ad-
miring the elasticity of her walk, which corresponded ex-
actly with the spirit of her dancing.
Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey, xiii.

The wayes echwhere are galantly paued with foure
square stone, except it be where for want of stone they
use to lay bricke.
Hakluyt's Voyages, II. ii. 69.
The golden winged Lyon. . . is gallantly displayed
above the gate.
Coryat, Crudities, I. 190.
Then who would not gladly
Live in this brave town,
Which flourishes gallantly
With high renown?

Shrewsbury for Me (Ritson's Ancient Songs).

=

gallate (gal'at), n. [< gall-ic2+ -ate1.] In chem., a salt of gallic acid. Gallates are distinguished by the rapidity with which they are decomposed when exposed to the air in contact with free alkali.

The residue is exhausted by alcohol, which dissolves some acetate and some gallate of potash. C. T. Davis, Leather, p. 109. gallatin (gal'a-tin), n. A substance obtained by the Bethell process (which see, under process). gallature† (galʼa-tūr), n. [< NL. as if *gallatura, L. gallus, a cock.] The tread of an egg. Whether it be not made out of the grando, gallature, germ, or tread of the egg, as Aquapende and stricter enquiry informeth us, doth seeme of lesser doubt. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., iii. 28. gall-beetle (gâl′bē ̋tl), n. A coleopterous insect which causes galls: as, the grape-vine gallbeetle. See Ampeloglypter. Clarendon, Civil Wars, II. 474. She was giving him a chance to do gallantly what it der, gall-cyst, or cholecyst, the cistern or resThe bile-bladgall-bladder (gâl'blad er), n. seemed unworthy of both of them he should do meanly. H. James, Jr., Pass. Pilgrim, p. 478. ervoir in which the bile is received from the gall-duct. It is a very common structure of the higher liver and retained until discharged through the

For this world and the next world are not to the pure
in heart two houses, but two rooms, a gallery to pass
through, and a lodging to rest in, in the same house, which
are both under the one roof, Christ Jesus.
Donne, Sermons, x.
Amongst other things he saw Galleries full of Greeke
Images.
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 59.
Hence-2. A room or building for the exhibi-
tion of works of art, or, by extension, a collec-
tion of such works for exhibition.-3. A plat-
form projecting from the interior walls of a
building, supported by piers, pillars, brackets,
or consoles, and overlooking the main floor, as
in a church, theater, or public library.

After dyner, he deperted out of the hall, and went up
into a galarye, of twenty-four stayres of heyght.
Berners, tr. of Froissart's Chron., IV. xxxiii.
He sat down amidst the loud clapping of hands, in
which the Lords below the bar and the strangers in the
gallery joined. Macaulay, Historical Essays, IV. 326.

These galleries were also useful as adding to the accom-
modation of the church, as people were able thence to

The forts here could not secure the Spanish galleons from 5. The persons occupying the gallery at a thea-nally had a single mast carrying one square sail amidships,

The harbors of Spanish America were at the same time
visited by their [English] privateers in pursuit of the rich
galleons of Spain.
Bancroft, Hist. U. S., I. 68.
The galleons. were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy
vessels, with bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built
Motley.
up at stem and stern, like castles.
Ship after ship, the whole night long, their high-built gal-
Tennyson, The Revenge.
leons came.

galleott, n. See galiot.
galler (gâl'èr), n. One who or that which galls.
Galleria, n. See Galeria.
galleriant, ". [< F. galérien, < galère, a galley:
see galley.] A galley-slave. Davies.

The prerogative of a private centinel above a slave lies
only in the name, and the advantage, if any, stands for
the gallerian.
Gentleman Instructed, p. 183.
galleried (gal'e-rid), a. [< gallery +-ed2.]
Provided or fitted with a gallery; disposed like
a gallery.

One of the galleried fronts of an old London inn.

Colonial and Indian Exhibition, 1886. Galleriidæ, Galleridæ, n. pl. See Galeriida. gallery (gal ́e-ri), n.; pl. galleries (-riz). [Early mod. E. galery, galarye; D. galerij = G. gallerie Dan. Sw. galleri, < OF. galerie, gallerie, F. galerie Sp. galería Pg. galeria It. galleria (ML. galeria, galleria), a long portico, a gallery; orig., perhaps, a place of amusement, a special use of OF. galerie, gallerie, mirth, glee, sport, amusement, OF. gale, show, mirth, festivity, etc.: see gallant and gala1.] 1. An apartment of much greater length than breadth, serving as a passage of communication between the different rooms of a building, or used for the reception of pictures, statues, armor, etc.; a corridor; a passage.

But loe Polites, one of Priam's sons,
Escaped from the slaughter of Pyrrhus,
Comes fleeing through the wepons of his foes,
Searching all wounded the long galleries
And the voyd courtes.
Surrey, Eneid, ii.

galley-rack (gal'i-rak), n. In printing, a series galliard air, without undergoing stern question before a of inclined brackets made to hold galleys. galley-rest (gal'i-rest), n. In printing, two projecting arms or brackets, inclined, to hold a galley; or a ledge fixed upon a compositor's upper case to hold the galley temporarily out of his way.

Galli1(gal'i), n. pl. [L., pl. of gallus, cock.] Same as Gallina or Gallinacea. Galli2, n. Plural of Gallus2. galliambi, n. Plural of galliambus. galliambic (gal-i-am'bik), a. and n. [L. gal liambicus (LGr. yahhiaμßikóv, neut., sc. μérρov, meter), galliambus: see galliambus.] I. a. Gallican (gal'i-kan), a. and n. [< L. Gallicus, Constituting a galliambus; consisting of galli-Gallia, Gaul: see Gaul1.] I. a. 1. Of or perambi: an epithet of a variety of Ionic verse said taining to Gaul or France. to have first come into use among the Galli or priests of the Phrygian Cybele. See galliambus.