The judges of the Supreme Court are elected by | the people for eight years. Three judges constitute a quorum. Four terms of the Supreme Court are held annually,-two at Lansing on the Tuesday following the first Monday of January and July, and two at Detroit on the Tuesday following the first Monday of April and October, and there may be special or adjourned terms at either of these places. The court must be in session each term long enough to hear all the cases ready for argument, and must determine all cases either at the term they are argued or early in the following term. The clerk of the county holding the court is clerk of the Supreme Court. Judges of the Circuit Court are elected by the people of their respective districts, to hold office for six years. Prosecuting officers are elected by the people of each county, to hold office for two years. By the Residence. Term ends. Salary. Hillsdale. Dec. 31, 1863. $1,500 Niles... 66 66 1,500 Detroit 66 66 1,500 Ann Arbor.... 66 1,500 Battle Creek 66 act of Feb. 12, 1859, grand juries are not to attend any court unless the judge thereof shall so direct in writing, filed with the clerk of the court. Criminal proceedings are to be conducted by informations in lieu of indictments,-the information to be verified by the oath of the prosecuting officer, complainant, or some other person, and the same rules to govern in the setting forth of offences as in indictment. The prosecuting attorney must subscribe his name thereto, and must endorse thereon the names of the witnesses known to him at the time of the filing of the information in court. The proceedings in holding to bail are the same as in indictments. No information can be found against any person for any offence unless such person shall have had, or waived, a preliminary examination therefor. Other Trust Fund Expenditures Expenditure for War Purposes........ State Debt.-The funded debt of the State on the 1st of December, 1861, amounted to $2,649,335, and the floating debt, which will be funded, was $86,929 24. Besides this the State has guaranteed $100,000 of the Canal bonds. by the U.S. Assistant Marshals as $234,294,538; and the assessors' returns, which of course exclude all property not liable to State taxation, as $138,553,848. A large part of the taxation of the State is specific. The general tax of the State in 1861 amounted to only about $233,000. BANKS.-The State has but 4 banks, all in Detroit. The condition of these, December 2, 1861, was as follows: 171.107 33 539,428 91 $1,258,235 70 In May, 1862, these banks had a capital of $786,465; specie, $48,000 circulation, $222,000. RAILROADS OF MICHIGAN. Three great trunk lines connecting the East with the Upper Mississippi Valley cross Michigan,-viz.: the Michigan Southern, the Michigan Central, and the Detroit and Milwaukie; and a fourth, the Flint and Pere Marquette, intended to connect by steam-ferry with the Sheboygan and Fond du Lac, of Northern Wisconsin, has been commenced. The following table shows the condition of the railroads of the State in 1862. Michigan Southern and ASSETS. LIABILITIES. Northern Indiana 985 $16,260,660 12,487,239 8,918,219 2,950,000 357,919 4,250,000 14,371,173 9,008,369 549 1,775,728 2,250,518 1,137,548 308,828 329 1,338,658 2,361,241 1,212,088 188 340,898 144,270 3 ..... Built, equipped and operated by GrandTrunk Railway of Canada. 1,000,000 30...... 17.3 2 1 100 410,000 Dividends. CANALS.-The State owns but one canal, and that a short (three-quarters of a mile in length) but a very important one,-the ship-canal around St. Mary's Falls,-which permits the passage of large steamers and sailing-vessels between Lake Michigan and Lake Superior. EDUCATION.-Michigan has a State University amply endowed, and having not only faculties of the arts and sciences such as are usually found in colleges in this country, but also a corps of medical and legal professors, and faculties of the higher sciences and the fine arts. No one of the State universities has so large an endowment or so complete an organization as this. The instruction is free, a matriculation fee of $10 only being required upon entering the university, but no further payment being asked, however extended the course of study pursued by the student. The astronomical observatory attached to the university has already attained reputation by the important researches and discoveries it has made. Besides the university, there are three other colleges in the State,-Kalamazoo College, under the direction of the Baptists, for male students only, Albion College, at Albion, under the direction of the Methodists, and Hillsdale College, at Hillsdale, under the control of the Free-will Baptists: the two latter admit students of both sexes. There is a Baptist theological seminary at Kalamazoo, and, as already noticed, a medical school and a law school connected with the University. The State has also made provision for an Agricultural College, and funds have been furnished and lands granted in the vicinity of Lansing for its farm and endowment; buildings have also been erected, at a cost of about $20,000. In 1861 its supervision was transferred from the Board of Education to the State Board of Agriculture,-organized that year, but no report had been made by that board prior to Dec. 1862. -School Funds.-The State has three educational funds, viz.:-the Primary School Fund, which in 1861 amounted to $1,698,851 14; the University Fund, amounting in 1861 to more than $500,000; and the Normal School Fund, amounting to $19,679 47. All these funds are increased from time to time by the sales of the remaining lands set apart for their increase. The amount added by such sales to the different funds in 1861 was-to the Primary School Fund, $14,456 76; to the University Fund, $4,320; and to the Normal School Fund, $320. Common Schools.-There were, in the year ending December 1, 1861, 4203 districts in the State, in 103 of which there were graded or union schools. Number of children between 5 and 20 years of age, 252,533. Whole number attending school, 202,504. Average number of months of school, 6.1. Number of qualified male teachers, 2326; female teachers, 5485: total number of teachers, 7811. Number of districts reporting no rate bill, 2004. Number of teachers examined by inspectors, 7429; certificates granted, 6629; meet、 ings of boards of inspectors, 3090; inspectors' visits to schools, 4703; volumes in district libraries, 103,747; volumes in township libraries, 57,982: whole number of volumes in libraries, 161,729; number of township libraries in 1860, 178; of district libraries, 2287. Value of school-houses and sites, $1,710,834 35. Average wages per month paid to male teachers, $26 06; average wages per month paid to female teachers, $13 52. Raised by district tax to pay teachers, $88,989 43. Voted for libraries from two-mill tax, $3,058 04. Total attendance upon teachers' institutes, 1073. Primaryschool interest fund, apportioned, $103,457 30. Received for the tuition of scholars non-resident in the districts, $11,361 73. Raised by district taxes, $329,463 81; two-mill tax, $278,350 68. Received from fines, &c., library fund, rate-bills, $56,469 29. Amount paid from township funds to inspectors, $8,452 53. Total, $795,149 34. Paid to male teachers, $248,797 11; to female teachers, $251,256 55: total, $500,053 66. Paid for building and repairing school-houses, $122,715 52; on past indebtedness, $61,488 79; for inspectors' services, $8,452 30; for books for libraries, $10,651 94; for contingent expenses, payment of district officers, fuel, &c., $91,787 13. Total, $795,140 34. State Normal School at Ypsilanti, A. S. Welch, | Principal.-This institution was opened in Oct., 1852. It has an experimental school connected with it, limited to 50 pupils. The number of pupils in the Normal School in January, 1862, was 283. There are 11 teachers. The course of study comprises instruction in Latin, Greek, and French or German, as well as in the usual English branches, and methods of instruction. ceipts for the year, including $1246 for tuition in the experimental school, were $10,929 76; the expenditures, $10,799 90. The re Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, and the Blind, at Flint, Rev. B. M. Fay, Superin tendent.-This institution was first opened in hired buildings in 1854, and the corner-stone of the building for the institution, intended to accommodate 350 pupils, was laid in July, 1857. The grounds comprise 33.5 acres. In 1861 there were 7 teachers, and 70 deaf-mute and 35 blind pupils. The expenditure was $7000. Asylum for the Insane, at Kalamazoo, Dr. E. H Van Deusen, Superintendent.-This Insane Hos pital was opened in 1859. The grounds comprised 167.76 acres, and the State, to December, 1860, had appropriated $237,000 towards the building, which, however, was not completed till 1862. The number of patients in 1862 was 109, but we have no other statistics in relation to it. CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS. State Reform School, at Lansing, C. B. Robinson, Superintendent This institution was founded in 1853, and opened in 1856. There were remaining in the school. November 16, 1860, 126 white and 11 colored boys. During the year ending November 16, 1861, there were received 54 white and 7 colored boys, and 2 girls, making the whole number under instruction during the year, 200. There were discharged or left the school in the course of the year, 49 white and 4 colored boys, and 2 girls, in all 55; and leaving in the school, November 16, 1861, 131 white and 14 colored boys, 145 in all. Of those discharged, 2 were apprenticed, 42 discharged as reformed, 4 pardoned by the Governor, 2 returned to parents, 1 sent to prison, 1 escaped, and 3 died. Of the 63 committed, 40 were orphans or halforphans, 21 had been addicted to the use of intoxicating drinks, 35 had been in jail from one to six times. 61 had been guilty of theft, 20 had vicious relatives. One hundred of the boys were employed in chair-making on contract; but the chair-shop was burned on the 29th of October. The receipts of the year were $12,849 84; the expenditures were $17,654 24, of which $2,351 74 was for improvements and repairs, leaving $10,302 50 as the amount of current expenses, or $73 07 per inmate per annum. The school is under the supervision of a Board of Control of three members. State Prison, at Jackson, Wm. L. Seaton, Agent. -The whole number of convicts in prison, November 30, 1860, was 621; received during the year ending November 30, 1861, 140; discharged in various ways, 230, leaving in prison, November 30, 1861, 531; average number in prison during the year, 578. Of those discharged, 177 were discharged by expiration of sentence, 40 were pardoned by Governors Wisner and Blair and 4 by the President of the United States, and 9 died. Three hundred and eighty of the convicts were employed on contract at manufacturing farmingutensils, wagons, cast-steel hoes, rakes, &c., boots and shoes, whips and whip-lashes. Of the remainder, 69 were employed in various capacities about the prison or yards, or in the manufacture of prison-clothing, 23 were unemployed, 14 were in solitary confinement (for murder, the deathpenalty having been abolished in Michigan in 1847), 10 were females, and 35 aged sick cripples and infirm. The earnings of the prison were $50,237 11, but a considerable sum was due for work. The expenditures were $49,739 66. The State has provided that prisoners not reported for misconduct shall have five days deducted from each month of their sentence for good behavior. This provision has had a good effect, the officers of the prison say, in greatly improving the deportment of the prisoners; and they suggest that a further allowance of time should be made to those special cases of good conduct which in the judgment of the officers merit it. The plan of solitary confinement for life of the prisoners sentenced for murder has been found objectionable, owing in part to the smallness and want of ventilation of the cells of the building in which they were confined; and, insanity and speedy death, or utter helplessness, resulting in a number of cases, 11 out of the 25 thus confined had been removed to the general prison and permitted to labor in the shops with the other prisoners, and the inspectors urge the necessity, if the plan of solitary confinement is to be continued, of having larger and lighter cells, with yards attached, for those prisoners. Of the convicts committed during the year, 89 were convicted of crimes against property. 15 of crimes against the currency, 29 of crimes against the person, and 7 of crimes against society. Twentythree were foreigners, and 117 natives of the United States; 37 were under 21 years of age, Two were sentenced for life, and 13 for ten years or more. From the opening of the prison in 1839, to the close of 1861, 2145 prisoners had been received, 1076 discharged by expiration of their sentence, 367 pardoned, 60 escaped, 96 died, and 12 had their sentences reversed. Criminal Statistics.-The returns from the district attorneys of the several counties of the State show that during the year 1861, 1601 complaints were brought before the county courts, and 873 convictions were had; of the complaints, 555 were for offences against property, 654 for offences against the person, 187 for offences against society, and 169 for statutory offences. The Geological Survey of the State.-In 1861, Mr. A. Winchell, the State geologist, made his first biennial report to the Governor of the geology of the State, and his associates, Mr. M. Miles, State zoologist, and N. H. Winchell, botanist, reported on the zoology and botany of the Lower Peninsula. Aside from its scientific importance, this report, which forms a volume of 339 pages, is replete with interest in its development in a practical view of the mineral resources of the State. Professor Winchell finds in the State eight valuable ores of iron, copper in five forms and in vast quantity, silver and lead ores, some of them of great promise, bituminous and cannel coals, a great variety of fine building and ornamental stones, among which are sienite, granite, marbles of great beauty and purity, sandstones, limestone, gypsum suitable for architectural and ornamental purposes, as well as for cements and for fertilizing uses, salt springs whose brines are of sufficient strength to produce a bushel of salt from 25 gallons of brine, fire-brick and pottery clays, sand for glass, for moulding &c., grit-stones, oil-stones of excellent quality, lithographic stone, peat, marl, &c. &c. The copper, iron, lead, salt, coal, marbles, and gypsum, are probably the most valuable of its mineral treasures, and in these the State possesses an amount of wealth such as few of the other States of the Union can equal. Census Statistics.-The Secretary of State, in obedience to the act of the State Legislature, published in 1861 a compilation of the statistics of the State from the returns in his office of the Census of 1860. From this we gather the following items: whole number of dwelling-houses in the State, 149,665; number in cities, 19,964; number of families in the State, 146,290; whole number of |