The Encyclopaedia of Islam

Abū according activity addition Ahmad al-Din Allāh appear appointed Arabic army attributes became Bibliography built Cairo caliph called cause Central centre century circumcision contains continued Copts death died divination early east Egypt especially eternal existence fact finally force four further give given governor Hanbali hands Hudud idem important Islamic Istanbul Khosrew Khurāsān kibla known lands language later leader London means Mecca mentioned mosque Muhammad Muslim noted origin Ottoman palace Paris Pasha period Persian population present probably Prophet province references regard region reign relations remained rule ruler Russian seems sent Shāh sources sultan term tion took town tradition tribe Turkish turn University various wall