Manuel Zapata Olivella and the "darkening" of Latin American Literature

African America Antoñete becomes begins beliefs blood Bogotá Calle century Chambacú Changó chapter characters Chimá claves Colombian colonial concept construction continue created critics cultural death desire diaspora discourse Domingo emerges encounters essays ethnic European existence experience exploitation explored father fiction fictional first focus forces geographical Hemingway historical hope human hunger identity ideology important Indian indigenous inhabitants Jorge José land Latin American Levántate Lewis literary literature lives magical major Manuel Zapata Olivella mixed narrative narrator nature negro North notes novel official oppression Panama Pasión past political poor postmodernism practices presented protagonist provides published race racial racism reader reality reference reflect regarding region religion religious Renata representation represents result reveals River scholars serves sexual Sinú slavery social space Spanish throughout Tierra tion traditions understanding United University visto voice World writer