tention of the public. It is faid to be the production of a pen which has been frequently employed in the higher walks of political difcuffion; and perhaps we fhall not be convicted of much mifconception of the nature and merits of the performance, if we confider it as a proper, we do not say intended, expofition of the more prominent parts of the fpeech from the throne at the opening of the prefent feffion of parliament, fo far efpecially as regards the bloody conteft between this country and France.

Art. 36. Mifcellaneous Propofals for increafing our National Wealth twelve Millions a Year; and alfo for augmenting the Revenue without a new Tax, or the further Extenfion of the Excife-Laws. Se cond Edition. By John Donaldfon, Efq. 8vo. Cadell jun. and Davies.

PP. 58. 15. 6d.

Mr. Donaldfon not having thought proper to let the public into the fecret of his projects farther in this fecond edition than he did in the first, we are as much in the dark as ever concerning them, and can only refer our readers to our remarks on this pamphlet at its first appearance. See N. S. vol. iii. p. 224.

Art. 37. A Letter to the King, with Notes. 8vo. 1s. Owen. Intended to fhew the abfurdity of the war, by ridiculing both its principle (on the part of the allies,) and its conductors. The train in which both the letter and the very copious notes are written is that of irony; and it must be acknowleged that we often have this figure lefs fuccefsfully employed in almost every kind of literary difputation. We do not mean, however, to fay that the writer is equal to Swift in wielding the weapons of humour: indeed, who ever equalled him in the ufe of irony?

Art. 38. The Monitor; or a friendly Addrefs to the People of Great Britain, on the most effectual Means of Deliverance from our national Calamities, particularly the present War, and of obtaining a lafting and honourable Peace. By Theophilus Senex, Efq. 8vo. 18. Johnfon.

The Monitor is, we dare fay, a well-meaning friend to religion and virtue but his obfervations on the neceffity of moral reformation, and of a fincere practical belief in the gospel as the only effectual means of producing it, though confeffedly very important, are so trite in fentiment, and fo fparingly adorned with the graces of language, that we are afraid they will make little impreffion on the public ear, and produce as little effect on the national character. Art. 39. Letters on Emigration. By a Gentleman lately returned from America. 8vo. pp. 76. 25. Kearfley. 1794. This gentleman is no friend to emigration. He informs the artizan that, in migrating to America, he cannot be certain of meeting with employment; and to the hufbandman, he fuggefts that land may be purchased too dear, even in America. After having described the unavoidable expences and numerous hazards of the paffage from Europe to the western world, he states the difficulties which a gentleman muft experience from the immoderate expenfiveness of the great towns, or from the want of fociety in the back fettlements. Kentucky he thinks better fuited to thofe who migrate for agricultural

purposes than any other ftate: but he warns his readers that its pe culiar difadvantages, from its inland fituation and its contiguity to the refidence of the Indians, are exceedingly great. The author ranks it among the paradoxes of the day, that Kentucky fhould have been felected as a place of fettlement by fome modern philofophers who have migrated, probably referring to Dr. Priestley; concerning whom, however, he might eafily have been informed that he has chofen a much more eligible fituation in Northumberland. Although it may feem that thefe letters are written under the bias of a strong prejudice against America, it must be allowed that they fuggeft many hints which are worth the attention of thofe who are deliberating,, or are determined, on emigration across the Atlantic.

Art. 40. De l'Expedition de Quiberon.

Par un Officier François, à

bord de la Pomone. 8vo. 15. 6d. De Botte, &c. This appears to be an authentic and difpaffionate relation of the facts which occurred during the late unfortunate expedition to Quiberon. It contains many particulars which we have not elsewhere feen, and places much of the misfortune to the account of M. de Puifaye. The writer alfo blames M. d'Hervilly, but chiefly for having fuffered a laudable defire of diftinguishing himself to be paramount to prudence.

According to this statement, out of the 5000 troops of the line which compofed the emigrant army, only 500 efcaped; and the Chouans who had joined them fuffered in nearly the same proportion, Art. 41. Differtation on the First Principles of Government. To which is added the genuine Speech, tranflated, delivered at the Tribune of the French Convention July 7, 1795. By Thomas Paine, Author of Common Senfe, Rights of Man, Age of Reafon, &c. 8vo. pp. 45. IS. Griffiths. 1795.

To give the name of the author is fufficient to indicate the purport of this little publication; in which, monarchy, or hereditary government, is violently attacked,-and republicanifm, or government by election, recommended. As Mr. Paine does little more than go over the old ground, it will not be expected of us to retail either the argument or the ridicule, by which he wishes to perfuade mankind that the hereditary fyftem ought not to exift. Among English readers, he has found few of his opinion on the subject of monarchy; and among the French he appears to have been equally unfortunate on his darling topic-Republicanifm. The French have not gone far enough to please him; and their having paid any refpect to property, in the exercife of civil rights, excites his indignation. He accufes them herein of having departed from the principle stated in the first article of their declaration of rights, viz." the inftitution of government is to fecure to every individual the enjoyment of his rights:" but this objection did not convince his republican friends, nor does it in fact appear to be of any great weight. On this ground, Mr. P. might have contended that women and children ought to vote at the primary affemblies, and that liberty was outraged if any individual whatever were excluded: but, though the inftitution of government be defigned to fecure to all their political rights, fomething mult be conceded for this fecurity. With respect to property, it may be remarked

marked that, though it confers no right to exclufive privileges, there may be reasons why fome fhould be granted to it. By making the poffeffion of a certain quantum of property a qualification for voting at elections, or for being eligible, we offer a ftimulus to prudent induftry; and, provided this quantum be not large, the number excluded must be very inconfiderable, and fuch probably as ought to have no fhare in the government of any country. Mr. P. however pays no regard to motives of prudence. He would yield to property no privilege, and, as it fhould feem by a fubfequent objection, to valour no honour-but they order these things better even in France.

MEDICAL, &c.

Art. 42. A Supplement to Medical Botany; or Part the Second: containg Plates with Defcriptions of moft of the principal Medicinal Plants not included in the Materia Medica of the Collegiate Pharmacopoeias of London and Edinburgh; accompanied with a circumftantial Detail of their medicinal Effects, and of the Diseases in which they have been fuccefsfully employed. By William Woodville, M. D. F. L. S. Phyfician to the Small-pox and Inoculation Hofpitals. 4to. pp. 169. Plates 64. Plain, 14s. Boards. Coloured, 11. 13s. 6d. Boards. Phillips. 1794

The former parts of this agreeable and ufeful Work, of which we have already given accounts, were confined to thofe medicinal vegetables which are received into the catalogues of our two national difpenfatories. On quitting thefe limits, it was not an easy matter to establish others; fince botany and the materia medica have in various periods and countries been almost co-extenfive; and, notwithftanding the rejection of numberlefs articles which credulity or fuperftition had introduced, there are ftill fo many retained in the practice of the feveral medical schools in Europe, as to furnish a very formidable lift to the writer who fhould undertake to give figures as well as defcriptions of them. Dr. W. began the prefent fupplement with an intention of illuftrating all the natural orders with an adequate number of medicinal plants: but even this plan he found, on investigation, to be too extenfive for utility; and he has therefore comprized all his additions within 63 articles; of which 11 are lately admitted into our ówn difpenfatories, and were not contained in the former parts of the Medical Botany. We believe that few practitioners in this country will think he has too much contracted his lift; which, as far as we can recollect, contains all the remaining medicinal plants concerning which it is of importance to be particularly informed.

The first article of the volume is a correction of a former one; defcribing and figuring the Clutia Eluteria, as the true fource of the Cafcarilla Bark, instead of the Croton Cafcarilla before given on the authority of Linné. Of the new articles, we think it unneceffary to fay more than that the writer and the artist have performed their tasks, in a manner not unworthy of the reputation acquired by their former labours.

A small appendix is fubjoined, containing difpenfatory articles of which no figures could be given, from the want of authorities; and

Vide Rev. N. S. vol. viii. p. 160. and vol. xiii. p. 136.

the

the volume closes with a general index of the plates in all the parts, arranged according to their natural orders.

Art. 43. new Inquiry into the Sufpenfion of Vital Action, in Cafes of Drowning and Suffocation. Being an Attempt to concentrate into a more luminous Point of View the fcattered Rays of Science re-. fpecting that interefting though mysterious Subject, &c. &c. By A. Fothergill, M. D. F. R. S. &c. &c. 8vo. pp. 189. 2s. 6d. Rivingtons, &c. 1795.

This work is an answer to the prize queftions propofed by the Humane Society. 1." What is the proximate cause of death in the various kinds of fuffocation? 2. What are the most judicious means to be employed to restore animation." The honorary medal was unani moufly adjudged to the author for the manner in which he fatisfied thefe queries, and fuch an approbation was naturally confidered as a fufficient imprimatur for his performance. Nevertheless, as no new experiments are related in it to determine points yet in doubt, and as the merit of the work chiefly confifts in the mode in which borrowed matter is arranged and reafonings are drawn from it, we shall be very concife in our account of it; referring thofe, who wish to enter fully into the author's ideas, to the publication itself.

With refpect to the first queftion, concerning the proximate caufe of death in these cafes, the writer, after having refuted all the opinions which have been holden on this subject, and in which a fingle caufe has been maintained, lays down the following train of caufes and effects: drowning or fuffocation firft excludes the vital air, and thereby fufpends refpiration; the fufpenfion of refpiration ftops the paffage of the blood through the lungs, and confequently through the whole fyftem; whence the brain ceases to exert its functions, and animal heat is no longer generated; the principle of irritability now gradually forfakes the fibres, and the animal dies. How far this enumeration of phænomena tends to remove any difficulties concerning the operation of causes, our learned readers will judge for themselves.

In answering the fecond question, as to the practical part of re-animation, Dr. F. eftablishes two principal indications, that of restoring refpiration, and that of renewing the action of the heart. In confidering particulars, he reprefents venefection and emetics as very dubious remedies, lays much stress on artificial refpiration, especially with vital air, and recommends electricity to accompany it, as the most powerful stimulant. He farther treats on heat, agitation, friction, cordials, &c. but his remarks, though fufficiently judicious, afford nothing new. As to the difputed queftion of the effects of tobacco fmoke injected, he leaves it as he found it.

Various phyfiological and practical points are treated in this effay,fuch as the nature of vitality, its connection with fenfibility and irritability, the part acted by vital air in the fyftem, the resemblance between nervous influence and electricity, &c. which, though difcuffed with ingenuity, are not illuftrated by any new facts that we could lay before our readers. Mere hints, on topics which cannot be brought to any thing like certainty without the most accurate and laborious investigation, do not appear to us to be of the value in which they seem viewed by Dr. Fothergill.

Art.

Art. 44. A Differtation on the Univerfe in general, and on the Proceffion of the Elements in particular. By Richard Saumarez, Surgeon to the Magdalen Hofpital. 8vo. pp. 266. 5s. Boards. Egertons, Dilly, &c. 1795.

The author of this neat volume is an admirer of antient metaphyfics, but he entertains little efleem for modern fcience. To give the reader an idea of his work is an easier task than often falls to the lot of the reviewer. The following extract will fufficiently develope its character to the intelligens. Many quotations, equally curious, might be felected.

The whole phenomena of fociety are carried on by two ideas that have nothing in common with organic matter; I mean the idea of time and the idea of number: with regard to the firft, Mr. Harris in his Hermes has fully investigated its nature; and as to numbers, none understood them better than Pythagoras and his followers. I fhould not however do juftice to the fubject I have investigated, did I neglect to point out to the reader, how univerfally I found the number three to pervade the whole creation. The firft Great Triad is that in whofe name every Chriftian is baptized, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghoft.'

But to defcend from God to Nature, let us now observe, that there is a First Triad, with refpect to this world.

6

Firft Proceffion.-1. Providence, 2. Nature, 3. Universe.

Second Proceffion-1. Element of Light, 2. Element of Water, 3. Element of Earth.

Third Proceffion.-1. Of Fire, 2. Of Air, 3. Of Cold.' Again.

3. Materialist,

General Divifion of Religion.-1. Chriftian, 2. Unitarian,

Refult.-1. The Chriftian worships the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, 2. The Unitarian, the Father, 3. The Materialist, total privation.

Hence it follows that,-1. The Chriftian is a Royalift, 2. The Unitarian, a Republican, 3. The Materialift an Anarchift.

Thus we have traced No. 3. through every part of nature : happy will it be for those who know how to diftinguish it in themselves: the whole foul may be divided into truth, confcience, and common fente -that principle of divinity which is common to all men, who have derived it from one common and immortal Father.'

Mr. Saumarez is apprehenfive that he may have fallen into very glaring mistakes.' In his ftatement of fome well-known chemical experiments, inaccuracies, we believe, may be discovered: but, with a writer of this clafs, it would be idle to wrangle about trifles. His intelligibles, his universals, and his triads, are not affected by flight errors in point of fact.

Art. 45. Hints refpecting the Chlorefis of Boarding Schools. By the Author of Hints refpecting the Diftreffes of the Poor. 8vo. 15. Dilly. 1795

These hints, which chiefly relate to the prevention of the difeafe in queftion, contain much good plain and practical advice as to the management of females at an early age. We are perfuaded that few perfons would deferve better of the rifing generation, than those who

fhould