LIKELIHOOD, truth: probability. LIMESTONE, stone of which lime is made by the expulsion of its carbonic acid, or fixed

air.

LIMNER, an artist or painter. LIMNING, drawing; painting. LISLE, LADY. "The Lady Alice" was sentenced to death for concealing and succoring two offenders against government, in the reign of James II. LISTS. desires; chooses.

LITERALLY, according to the primary and natural import of words. LITERATURE, learning; the collective body of literary productions. LITHE, pliant; flexible; limber.

LITHUANIA, an ancient territory of Europe. In the 11th century it became tributary to Russia.

LOBBY, an entrance into a principal apartment, where there is a considerable space between that and the portico or vestibule. LOCKE, JOHN, an eminent philosopher and writer, who died in 1704.

These are

LOG-BOOK, a book into which are transcribed the contents of the log-board. the hours of the day and night, course of the ship, direction of the wind, &c. LOGGERHEAD, a blockhead; a dolt. A spherical mass of iron, with a long handle, used to heat tar.

LONGFELLOW, HENRY W., PROF., born in Portland, Me., 1807. In the first rank of American poets. He was formerly professor of modern languages and literature at Bowdoin College, afterwards at Harvard. In 1854 he resigned his professorship at Harvard.

LOOM, a frame or machine in which a weaver works thread into cloth.

LOOMING, the indistinct and magnified appearance of objects seen in particular states of the atmosphere. LORE, learning; doctrine. LORN, forsaken: lonely.

LORRAINE, a former extensive province of France.

LOTTERY, an allotment; the distribution of prizes by chance.

LOUVRE, one of the most ancient palaces of France, though no longer a state residence. Beside the famous gallery, in which are some of the finest pictures in the world. it contains a museum of sculpture, antiquities, and other specimens of art. LOUIS XVI., King of France. He commenced his reign by promoting many useful reforms, and by calling to his ministry upright men. The country was harassed by debt, and the people, distressed beyond measure, rebelled against the government. Then followed the terrible scenes of the Revolution, when the king and queen were subjected to every insult. He was guillotined, January 21, 1793; and on at tempting to address the people from the scaffold, his voice was drowned by the beating of drums. He was a kind master, a good husband, and, through all his trials, showed a spirit of Christian resignation.

LOWLANDS. See Highlands.
LOYAL, true; not treacherous.

LUCKNOW, a city of Hindostan, capital of Oude. It has been the seat of government since 1774. LUMINOUS, bright: shining. LURED, enticed; attracted. LURID, gloomy; dismal. LUSTRATION, the act of cleansing or purifying. In ancient times, the ceremonies by which cities or armies defiled by crime, were purified.

LUSTY, stout; robust; healthy. LUTHER, MARTIN, the great German reformer, born 1483. He entered a monastery and became a priest in 1505. In 1508. he was made professor of theology in the University of Wittemberg. In 1510, he visited Rome, and after his return was made a doctor of divinity. His teachings were called heresies; and in 1520, Luther and his friends were excommunicated, and his writings burnt at Rome, Cologne, and Louvain. In 1524. he married Catharine de Bore, a nun who had escaped from a convent. In 1534, his translation of the whole Bible was published; and in 1546, worn out more by his labors than by age, he died.

Lydian measures, the inhabitants of Lydia were celebrated for their skill in music. LYRE, a kind of harp much used by the ancients as an accompaniment to poetry. LYCURGUS, a famous lawgiver of Sparta. Under his laws the Spartans became a nation of warriors.

MACAULAY, THOMAS B., the popular historian and critic. Eminent as a politician, and "an author of immense reading and erudition."

MACEDONIAN, the; Alexander-which see. MACGREGOR, ROB ROY, or Robert the Red. a

Highland freebooter; a hero of Scottish romance. Died about 1733.

MACKAY, CHARLES, REV., an English author. MACKINTOSH, SIR JAMES. a celebrated statesman and lawyer; born at Inverness in 1766.

MADEIRA, wine made in an island, so called, in the Atlantic Ocean, belonging to Portugal.

MADRIGAL, a pastoral poem, containing some tender and delicate thought suitably expressed.

MAGAZINE, a building in which arms, ammunition, or stores are deposited; a periodical publication.

MAGNANIMITY, greatness of mind; elevation of soul.

MAGNANIMOUS, elevated in sentiment, noble,

and honorable.

MAIL, a coat of steel network worn for defence; a bag for conveying letters. MAILED, covered with a coat of mail. MAIN, the ocean; the continent; principal; chief.

Main chains, the iron reds or bars on the side of a vessel to which the main shrouds are made fast.

Man-yard, the yard on which the mainsail is extended. supported by the main

mast.

MALABAR, 1 maritime district of British India.

MALIGNANT, malicious; with extreme enmity.

MANACLED, handcuffed: shackled. MANHEIM a town of Baden, not far from the French frontier. It suffered from repeated attacks during the wars between France and Germany.

MANIFESTO, a public de laration; as, a manifesto declaring the purpose of a prince to begin war, and explaining his motives. MANN, HORACE, author of valuable articles on the subject of education. Mr. Mann is well known through his connection with the public schools of Massachusetts, his native state. MANEUVERING, changing the position or order, that an attack or defence may be made advantageously. MANOR, the land belonging to a lord or nobleman. or so much land as a lord or great personage formerly kept in his own hands for the use and subsistence of his family.

MANSFIELD, WILLIAM MURRAY. EARL OF, born at Perth, Scotland, 1705. Died in 1783, "leaving behind him the reputation of a great lawyer, an upright man. an elegant scholar, and a sincere Christian." MANTLED, cloaked; covered; hung around. MANTLING, Covering; hiding; extending. MANUSCRIPTS, writings.

MARATHON, a hamlet. small river, and plain in Greece. The plain is renowned for the victory of Miltiades over the army of Xerxes, B. c. 490.

MARAUDER. a plunderer; a soldier that roams about in quest of booty. MARITIME, bordering on, or situated near,

the sea.

MARIUS, CAIUS, a famous Roman soldier and dictator; the chief of the plebeians. He was seven times consul. When defeated and imprisoned by Sylla. a Cimbrian warrior was sent to behead him, but the sword fell from his hand on meeting the stern look of the captive. The magistrates of Minturnæ, impressed by this occurrence, favored the flight of Marius, and he escaped to Africa. MART, a public place of traffic. MARTYR, one who suffers death in defence of any cause. MASCULINE, strong; robust. MASQUING, concealing; disguising the features with a mask.

MASSENA, ANDRÉ. From being a common soldier in the French army he rose to the - rank of Marshal of France. He died in 1817.

MASSEY, GERALD. a young English poet, who has made for himself an enviable reputation. His station in life was obscure. His childhood passed in extreme poverty, in working in the mills in his native town, and he had no education except that he was taught to read.

MASSILLON, JEAN BAPTISTE, the most cele brated pulpit orator in France. Died 1742.

MASON, SIR JOHN, a statesman in the reign of Henry VIII, Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth. His favorite maxim was, "Do and say nothing."

MASTER-BIAS, greatest inclination; that which causes the mind to lean to a particular object with greater interest than to aby others.

Muster of the horse, the third great officer in the British court. having the manage ment of the royal stables, &c. In solemn cavalcades he rides next the sovereign. MASTICATION, the act of chewing. MATERIAL things. things consisting of matter; not spiritual.

MATERIALS, the things of which anything is composed, or made.

MATHEMATICS, the science of quantity. MAULED, wounded in a coarse manner; beaten brutally.

MAUSOLEUM, a magnificent tomb. MAXIM, an established principle or proposi tion; a principle generally received or admitted as true.

MAYENNE, CHARLES OF LORRAINE, DUKE OF. a famous French commander in the interest of the Catholics; leader of the forces of the League at the battle of Ivry. MCCORD, LOUISA, MRS., a native of South Carolina; a writer of prose and poetry. MEAGER, Scanty; poor; thin. MEANDERINGS, windings; having many

turns.

MEASURE, an act, step, or proceeding toward the accomplishment of an object.

MECCA, in Arabia, the chief seat of the Mohammedan religion. During the yearly pilgrimage it is visited, on an average, by 100.000 strangers.

MECHANIC. one skilled in a mechanical art or occupation.

MEDALLION, a large antique stamp or medal. MEDICI, LORENZO, a native of Florence. He collected a gallery of art, devoted himself to plans for the advancement of learning, and at his death in 1492 was universally lamented.

MEED, reward; recompense: present; gift, MEET, fit; proper; qualified. MELANCTHON, PHILIP, a German divine, and coadjutor with Luther in the Reformation. He was as remarkable for a mild and conciliating temper, as Luther was for firmness and impetuosity. He is justly revered as one of the wisest and greatest men of the age in which he lived. Died 1560. MELLIFLUOUS (L. mel, honey, and fluo, to flow), smooth; sweetly flowing. Memento mori (L.), be mindful of death. MEMNON, The name of a celebrated MEMNONIUM, Egyptian statue supposed to have the property of emitting a harplike sound at sunrise. MEMORABLE. worthy of memory; illustrious. MEMPHIS, an ancient city of Lower Egypt. Nearly all traces of its existence had dis appeared, until within a few years the French government have made extensive explorations, resulting in interesting discoveries of images, sphinxes, &c.

Mens æqua in arduis, a mind tranquil amid difficulties.

MERCENARY, a hireling; venal, hired, sold for money.

MERIDIAN, in astronomy and geography, an imaginary circle, supposed to pass through the poles of the earth, and the zenith and

MORAL obligation, the duty of a created being, with reference to his Creator. MORAL excellence, excellence of character. MORALLY, according to the rules of virtue; popularly, according to the evidence of human reason.

MORALS, the doctrines inculcated by fiction: the accommodation of fables to form the morals.

MORE, SIR THOMAS, Chancellor of England; born in London, in 1480. He was knighted by Henry VIII., and made privy counselor. After filling various important offices in the state, he was charged with high treason, tried, condemned, and beheaded in 1535; his real offense being simply opposition to the matrimonial views of Henry.

MOSAIC, an assemblage of little pieces of glass, marble, precious stones, &c., of various colors, cut square and cemented on a ground of stucco in such a manner as to imitate the colors and gradations of painting.

MOTTO, a sentence added to a device, or prefixed to anything written. MOULD, Concretions occasioned by decay; that to which decay reduces bodies. MOUNTAIN DRIFT, sund like the, as pure and white as the drifted snow of the moun

tains.

Mount the rostrum. The rostrum in ancient Rome was an elevated place in the Forum, where funeral orations, harangues, &c., were delivered. Hence, a pulpit or platform from which a speaker addresses his audience.

MOUNTING, that by which anything is prepared for use, or set off to advantage; equipment; embellishment.

MULLET (Fr. mulet, a mullet, and a great mule), a fish of the genus Mugil. It frequents the shore, and roots in the sand like a hog. It is an excellent fish for the table.

MULTIFARIOUS, having great multiplicity. MULTITUDINOUS, consisting, or having the appearance, of a great multitude. MUNIFICENT, liberal in bestowing; generous. MUNITIONS, ammunition; guns of all kinds; materials for war.

MUTINOUS, turbulent; disposed to resist the authority or laws and regulations in an army or navy.

MYCALE, a promontory in Asia Minor, famous for the battle fought here between the Greeks and Persians B. C. 479. It took place in the morning, and the battle of Platea was fought on the evening of the same day.

MYRIAD, an immense number. MYRTLE, a plant of the genus Myrtus, of several species. The common myrtle rises with a shrubby, upright stem eight or ten feet high. Its flowers are of a pale hue. The ancients considered it sacred to Venus. MYSTIC, secretly obscure; hid; involving some secret meaning.

MYTH, a fictitious or fanciful narrative, having an analogy, more or less remote, to some real or fancied event. MYTHIC, fabulous.

MYTHOLOGY, a system of fables, or fabulous

opinions and doctrines, respecting the deities, which heathen nations have supposed to preside.over the world, or intluence the affairs of it.

NAIAD, in mythology, a water nymph; a female deity that presides over rivers and springs.

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, born in Corsica. 1768. He was sent to a military school at the age of eleven, and received his first commission in the artillery when sixteen. From 1795, when he first distinguished himself in action. till his death, an exile and prisoner on the little island of St. Helena, the eyes of all Christendom were on this man. In 1799, he became First Consul of the French Republic; in 1804, was crowned Emperor; in 1809. divorced from his wife. the Empress Josephine, and married to Maria Louisa, of Austria; in 1812, invaded Russia; in 1813. was defeated by the allies; in 1814. banished to Elba; in 1815, escaped and returned to France, and was finally defeated at Waterloo, with a loss of 40,000 men. He died at St. Helena, May 5th, 1821. NATURALIST, one that is versed in natural history, or philosophy.

NAUSEOUS, disgusting; sickening; loath

some.

NAUTICAL, pertaining to seamen or navigation; as nautical phrases, nautical skill. NAVE. the middle or body of a church, extending from the baluster or rail of the choir to the principal entrance. NEBUCHADNEZZAR, king of Assyria. NEBULE. in astronomy a name given to faint, misty appearances, which are dimly seen among the stars, resembling a comet or speck of fog. They are usually, but not always, resolved by the telescope into myriads of small stars.

NECTAR, any very sweet and pleasant drink. NEGATION (L. negatio, from nego, to deny),

denial; a declaration that something is not.

NELSON, HORATIO, VISCOUNT, the famous British admiral. He was victorious over the French in the battle of the Nile, in 1798; over the Danes in the battle of Copenhagen, in 1801; and over the French and Spaniards off Cape Trafalgar, in 1805; in which last engagement he lost his life. NEPENTHE, a magic potion, supposed by the Greeks and Romans to have the power of obliterating pain and sorrow from the memory. Hence, figuratively, a medicina or drug that gives rest or forgetfulness. NEPTUNE. The animals sacrificed to him were black bulls, rams, and boar pigs. See Lesson CXXV.

NERBUDDAH. next to the Indus, the principal river of India. Near Baroach it is three miles in width, but navigation is impeded by rocks, islands, shallows, and cataracts. NERO, the sixth of the Roman emperors, born A. D. 37. The first few years of his reign were distinguished by justice and clemency; afterward, his vices and cruelties led to the formation of a conspiracy against him, in which he escaped arrest by stabbing himself.

NEWTON, SIR ISAAC, one of the most distinguished among modern philosophers, mathematicians, and astronomers; dis coverer of the principle of gravitation. Died 1727.

NEY, MICHEL, one of the bravest military heroes of France, was born in 1769. Entering the army when he was very young, he soon distinguished himself, and, in 1804, was made marshal of the new empire. At the battle of Waterloo, Ney acted as Bonaparte's lieutenant, where he had five horses killed under him. After Napoleon's abdication, he was arrested, tried for treason, and sentenced to be shot, 7th December, 1815.

NICHE, a cavity, or recess, in a wall. Night's Plut mian shore, dark; dismal; ghostly; Plutonian, from Pluto, which see. NILE, the great river of Eastern Africa, and the most celebrated one of the ancient world. The deposits of the river, at its annual flood, fertilize Egypt, and give rich harvests. The mud is used in many arts among the Egyptians, as in the making of bricks, of tobacco pipes, and domestic utensils.

NINEVEH, the ancient capital of the Assyrian empire. For ages its site was unknown, but the recent discoveries of the French consul, M. Botta, and of Mr. Layard, besides bringing many wonderful remains of antiquity to light, confirm the truth of the Scripture history of this ancient kingdom.

NIMROD. He was a mighty hunter before the Lord."-Genesis x. 9.

NITER, a salt, called also saltpeter, and in the modern nomenclature of chemistry, nitrate of potassa. NOCTURNAL, in the night; pertaining to the night.

NOMENCLATURE, a list or catalogue of the more usual and important words in a language, with their significations; a Vocabulary or dictionary; the names of things in any art or science, or the whole Vocabulary of names or technical terms which are appropriated to any particular branch of science. Derived from the Latin nomen, a name, and culo, to call; hence, to call by name.

NOMINATE, to name, or designate by name, for an office or place. NORMAN CONQUEST, the conquest of England, by William. Duke of Normandy, known since as William the Conqueror. In the year 1066 he fought and won the battle of Hastings, in which Harold, the Saxon king, was killed. William was born at Falaise, a town of France. NORMANS, inhabitants of Normandy, an ancient province of France. They were originally Scandinavians, or inhabitants of the peninsula of Norway and Sweden. They were famous for their military exploits, and in manners and customs presented a strong contrast to the Saxons and the Danes. Before the conquest the princes of England were educated in Normandy.

tration during the American Revolution. The famous bill for the repeal of all duties in the colonies except on tea, which led to disturbances, and finally to the revolu tion, was brought in by Lord North. NORTON, HON. MRS., a favorite English poetess; granddaughter of Richard Brinsley Sheri lan

NOURISHED, fed; cherished; encouraged.
NOVEL. new; curious.
NOVELTIES, new or strange things.
NOVICE, one who is new in any business.
NUMIDIA, an ancient country of Northern
Africa, corresponding, in the main, with
modern Algeria.

NUNNERY, a house in which nuns reside; a cloister for females.

NUPTIAL, pertaining to marriage. NUTRITION (L. nutritio, from nutrio, to nour ish), the act or process of promoting the growth, or repairing the waste of animal bodies.

OBDURATE (L. obduro, to harden), inflexibly hard.

OBEISANCE, a bow or courtesy.
OBELISK, a tall pillar having four sides; it
gradually tapers as it rises, and is cut off
at the top in the form of a flat pyramid.
Obliquely-placed, placed in a line deviating
from a right line; not perpendicularly.
OBLIVION, forgetfulness.
OBLOQUY, censorious speech; shame; dis-
grace.

OBNOXIOUS, odious; offensive.
OBSCURE, not noted; unknown; humble,

mean.

OBSERVATORY, a building for astronomical observations.

OBTRUDED, thrust upon by force, or unsolicited.

OFFICE, a public position in the employ, and by the appointment, of government. OFFICIAL, made by virtue of authority. OLYMPIAD, a Grecian epoch of four years, being the interval between the Olympic games. The first Olympiad commenced B. c. 776, and 23 years before the foundation of Rome.

OLYMPUS, a mountain range of Thessaly. The ancient poets called its summit the throne of the gods.

OMEN, a sign or indication of some future event.

OMMIADES, caliphs of Arabia before Ma

homet.

OMNISCIENT (L. omnis, all, and scientia, knowledge), infinitely knowing; all-seeing. OMNIPOTENCE (L. omnipotens, all powerful), unlimited power over particular things. OPINE, to think; to suppose: to conceive. OPPORTUNE, timely; seasonable. Oppressor of Africa, Caius Marius, which see. Optical science. the science that treats of light and vision.

OPTIMIST, one who believes that all events
are ordered for the best.
OPULENT, rich; wealthy.
ORACLE, a wise sentence; a decision of great
authority.

ORACULAR, positive; authoritative.
ORBIT (L orbita, a trace or track, from