publication or otherwise, of the fact of the sale of the property for such taxes of assessments, and when the time of redemption shall expire: Provided, that our pants shall, in all cases, be served with personal notice before the time of redemp tion expires.

SEC.. That until the year 1875, the State taxes shall not exceed 75 cents per hundred dollars, and thereafter shall not exceed 50 cents per hundred dollars, unless authorized by a vote of the electors of the State.

SEC.. County authorities shall never assess taxes, the aggregate of which shall exceed 75 cents per one hundred dollars' valuation, except for the payment of indebtedness existing at the adoption of this Constitution, unless authorized by a vote of the people of the county.

Mr. Cody, from the committee on Revision and Adjustment, submitted the following report, viz:

MR. PRESIDENT:-The committee on Revision and Adjustment, to whom was referred the Articles of the present Constitution relating to the Preamble, Boundsries, Bill of Rights, Distribution of Powers, and the Legislative and Executive Articles, as amended and concurred in by the Convention, have had the same under consideration, and have revised and adjusted the various sections thereof, and have directed me to report. the same back in the words following, and ask that the same be enrolled as the Preamble, and Articles I, II, III, IV, and V, of the amended Constitution of Illinois.

PREAMBLE.

H. H. CODY, Chairman.

We, the people of the State of Illinois, grateful to Almighty God for the civil, political and religious liberty which he has so long permitted us to enjoy, and looking to Him for a blessing upon our endeavors to secure and transmit the same unimpaired to succeeding generations-in order to form a more perfect government, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the State of Illinois.

ARTICLE I.
BOUNDARIES.

SECTION 1. The boundaries and jurisdiction of the State shall be as follows, to-wit: Beginning at the mouth of the Wabash river; thence up the same, and with the line of Indiana, to the northwest corner of said State; thence east, with the line of the same State, to the middle of Lake Michigan; thence north along the middle of said lake, to north latitude forty-two degrees and thirty minutes; thence west to the middle of the Mississippi river, and thence down along the middle of that river to its confluence with the Ohio river, and thence up the latter river, along its northwestern shore, to the place of beginning: Provided, that this State shall exercise such jurisdiction upon the Ohio river as she is now entitled to, or such as may hereafter be agreed upon by this State and the State of Kentucky.

ARTICLE II.

BILL OF RIGHTS.

SECTION 1. All men are by nature free and independent, and have certain inherent and inalienable rights: among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. To secure these rights, and the protection of property, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.

§ 2. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law.

§ 3. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination, shall forever be guaranteed; and no person shall be denied any civil or political right, privilege or capacity, on account of his religious opinions; but the liberty of conscience hereby secured shall not be construed to

dispense with oaths or affirmations, excuse acts of licentiousness, or justify practices inconsistent with the peace or safety of the State. No person shall be required to attend or support any ministry or place of worship against his consent, nor shall any preference be given by law to any religious denomination or mode of worship; but persons who conscientiously observe the seventh day of the week as the Sabbath, may be exempted by law from answering civil process on that day.

§ 4. Every person may freely speak, write and publish on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that liberty; and in all trials for libel, both civil and criminal, the truth, when published with good motives and for justifiable ends, shall be a sufficient defense.

§ 5. The right of trial by jury, as heretofore enjoyed, shall remain inviolate; but the trial of civil cases before justices of the peace, by a jury of less than twelve men, may be authorized by law.

§ 6. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrant shall issue without probable cause, supported by affidavit, particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

§ 7. All persons shall be bailable, by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses where the proof is evident or the presumption great; and the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it.

§ 8. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense, unless on indictment of a grand jury, except in cases in which the punishment is by fine or imprisonment otherwise than in the penitentiary, in cases of impeachment, and in cases arising in the army and navy, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger: Provided, that the grand jury may be abolished by law in all cases.

§ 9. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have the right to appear and defend, in person and by counsel; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation, and to have a copy thereof; to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have process to compel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf, and a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the county or district in which the offense is alleged to have been committed.

§ 10. No person shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to give evidence against himself, or be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense.

§ 11. All penalties shall be proportioned to the nature of the offense, and no conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate; nor shall any person be transported out of this State for any offense committed within the same.

§ 12. No person shall be imprisoned for debt, unless upon refusal to deliver up his estate for the benefit of his creditors, in such manner as shall be prescribed by law, or in cases where there is strong presumption of fraud.

§ 13. Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public use without just compensation. Such compensation, when not made by the State, shall be ascertained by a jury, as shall be prescribed by law. The fee of land taken for railroad tracks, without consent of the owners thereof, shall remain in such owners, subject to the use for which it is taken.

§ 14. No ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or making any irrevocable grant of special privileges or immunities, shall be passed. § 15. The military shall be in strict subordination to the civil power.

§ 16. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, except in the manner prescribed by law. § 17. The people have the right to assemble in a peaceable manner to consult for the common good, to make known their opinions to their representatives, and to apply for redress of grievances.

§ 18. All elections shall be free and equal.

$ 19. Every person ought to find a certain remedy in the laws for all injuries and wrongs which he may receive, in his person, property or reputation; he ought to obtain, by law, right and justice freely and without being obliged to purchase it, completely and without denial, promptly and without delay.

§ 20. A frequent recurrence to the fundamental principles of civil governme is absolutely necessary to preserve the blessings of liberty.

ARTICLE III.

DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS.

The powers of the government of this State are divided into three distinct departments the legislative, executive and judicial; and no person, or collection of persons, being one of these departments, shall exercise any power properly belong ing to either of the others, except as hereinafter expressly directed or permitted

ARTICLE IV.

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

SEC. 1. The Legislative power shall be vested in a General Assembly, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives, both to be elected by the people.

ELECTION.

§ 2. An election for members of the General Assembly shall be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy, and every two years thereafter, in each county, at such places therein as may be provided by law. When vacancies occur in either house, the Governor, or person exercising the powers of Governor, shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.

ELIGIBILITY AND OATH.

§ 3. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained the age of twenty-five years, or a Representative who shall not have attained the age of twenty-one years. No person shall be a Senator or a Representative who shall not be a citizen of the United States, and who shall not have been for five years a resident of this State, and for two years next preceding his election a resident within the territory forming the district from which he is elected. No judge or clerk of any court, Secretary of State, Attorney General, State's Attorney, Recorder, Sheriff or Collector of Public Revenue, member of either House of Congress, or person holding any lucrative office under the United States or this State, or any foreign government, shall have a scat in the General Assembly: Provided, that ap pointments in the militia and the offices of notary public and justice of the peace shall not be considered lucrative. Nor shall any person holding any office of honor or profit under any foreign government, or under the government of the United States, (except postmasters whose annual compensation does not exceed the sum of three hundred dollars) hold any office of honor or profit under the authority of this State.

§ 4. No person who has been, or hereafter shall be convicted of bribery, perjury or other infamous crime, nor any person who has been or may be a collector or holder of public moneys, who shall not have accounted for and paid over, according to law, all such moneys due from him, shall be eligible to the General Assembly, or to any office of profit or trust in this State.

§ 5. Members of the General Assembly, before they enter upon their official duties, shall take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of Illinois, and will faithfully discharge the duties of Senator (or Representative) according to the best of my ability; and that I have not, knowingly or intentionally, paid or contributed anything, or made any promise in the nature of a bribe, to directly or indirectly influence any vote at the elec tion at which I was chosen to fill the said office, and have not accepted, nor will I accept or receive, directly or indirectly, any money or other valuable thing, from any corporation, company or person, for any vote or influence I may give or withhold on any bill, resolution or appropriation, or for any other official act." This oath shall be administered by a judge of the supreme or circuit court in the hall of the house to which the member is elected, and the Secretary of State shall record and file the oath subscribed by each member. Any member who shall refuse to take the oath herein prescribed shall forfeit his office, and every member

who shall be convicted of having sworn falsely to or of violating his said oath, shall forfeit his office and be disqualified thereafter from holding any office of profit or trust in this State.

APPORTIONMENT.
SENATORIAL.

§ 6. The General Assembly shall apportion the State every ten years, beginning with the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, by dividing the population of the State, as ascertained by the Federal census, by the number fifty-one, and the quotient shall be the ratio of representation in the Senate. The State shall be divided into fifty-one senatorial districts, each of which shall elect one senator, whose term of office shall be four years. The senators elected in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in districts bearing odd numbers, shall vacate their offices at the end of two years, and those elected in districts bearing even numbers, at the end of four years; and vacancies occurring by the expiration of term shall be filled by the election of senators for the full term. Senatorial districts shall be formed of contiguous and compact territory, bounded by county lines, and contain as nearly as practicable an equal number of inhabitants; but no district shall contain less than four-fifths of the senatorial ratio. Counties containing not less than the ratio and three-fourths, may be divided into separate districts, and shall be entitled to two senators, and to one additional senator for each number of inhabitants, equal to the ratio, contained by such counties in excess of twice the number of said ratio.

REPRESENTATIVE.

§ 7. The population of the State, as ascertained by the Federal census, shall be divided by the number one hundred and fifty-three, and the quotient shall be the ratio of representation in the House of Representatives. Every county or district shall be entitled to one representative, when its population is three-fifths of the ratio; if any county has less than three-fifths of the ratio, it shall be attached to the adjoining county having the least population, to which no other county has for the same reason been attached, and the two shall constitute a separate district. Every county or district, having a population not less than the ratio and threefifths, shall be entitled to two representatives, and for each additional number of inhabitants, equal to the ratio, one representative. Counties having over two hundred thousand inhabitants may be divided into districts, each entitled to not less than three nor more than five representatives. After the year one thousand eight hundred and eighty, the whole population shall be divided by the number one hundred and fifty-nine, and the quotient shall be the ratio of representation in the House of Representatives for the ensuing ten years, and six additional representatives shall be added for every five hundred thousand increase of population at each decennial census thereafter, and be apportioned in the same manner as above provided.

§ 8. When a county or district shall have a fraction of population above what shall entitle it to one representative, or more, according to the provisions of the foregoing sections, amounting to one-fifth of the ratio, it shall be entitled to one additional representative in the fifth term of each decennial period; when such fraction is two-fifths of the ratio, it shall be entitled to an additional representative in the fourth and fifth terms of said periods; when the fraction is three-fifths of the ratio, it shall be entitled to an additional representative in the first, second and third terms, respectively; when the fraction is four-fifths of the ratio, it shall be entitled to an additional representative in the first, second, third and fourth terms, respectively.

TIME OF MEETING AND GENERAL RULES.

§ 9. The sessions of the General Assembly shall commence at twelve o'clock Loon, on the Wednesday next after the first Monday in January, in the year next ensuing the election of members thereof, and at no other time, unless as provided by this Constitution. A majority of the members elected to each house shall constitute a quorum. Each house shall determine the rules of its proceedings, and be the judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its members; shall choose its own officers; and the Senate shall choose a temporary President to preside

when the Lieutenant Governor shall not attend as President or shall act as Gor ernor. The Secretary of State shall call the House of Representatives to order at the opening of each new assembly, and preside over it until a temporary prasiding officer thereof shall have been chosen and shall have taken his seat. No mem ber shall be expelled by either house, except by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to that house, and no member shall be twice expelled for the same offense. Each house may punish, by imprisonment, any person, not a mem ber, who shall be guilty of disrespect to the house by disorderly or contemptac behavior in its presence; but no such imprisonment shall extend beyond twentyfour hours at one time, unless the person shall persist in such disorderly or ot temptuous behavior.

§ 10. The doors of each house and of committees of the whole shall be k open, except in such cases as, in the opinion of the house, require secrecy. Neith house shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than two days, a to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. Es house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, which shall be published. In th Senate at the request of two members, and in the House at the request of ir members, the yeas and nays shall be taken on any question, and entered upon th journal. Any two members of either house shall have liberty to dissent from and protest, in respectful language, against any act or resolution which they think injurious to the public or to any individual, and have the reasons of their dissen entered upon the journals.

STYLE OF LAWS, AND PASSAGE OF BILLS.

§ 11. The style of the laws of this State shall be, "Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly."

$12. Bills may originate in either house, but may be altered, amended or rejected by the other; and on the final passage of all bills the vote shall be by yeas and nays, upon each bill separately, and shall be entered upon the journal; and no bill shall become a law without the concurrence of a majority of the members

elected to each house.

§ 14. Every bill shall be read at large on three different days, in each house; and the bill and all amendments thereto shall be printed before the vote is taken on its final passage; and every bill, having passed both houses, shall be signed by the Speakers thereof. No act hereafter passed shall embrace more than one subject, and that shall be expressed in the title. But if any subject shall be embraced in an act which shall not be expressed in the title, such act shall be void only as to so much thereof as shall not be so expressed; no law shall be revived of amended by reference to its title only, but the law revived or the section amended shall be inserted at length in the new act. And no act of the General Assembly shall take effect until the first day of July next after its passage, unless, in case of emergency (which emergency shall be expressed in the preamble or body of the act), the General Assembly shall, by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each house, otherwise direct.

PRIVILEGES AND DISABILITIES.

§ 14. Senators and representatives shall, in all cases, except treason, felony o breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during the session of the General Assembly, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech er debate in either house, they shall not be questioned in any other place.

§ 15. No person elected to the General Assembly shall receive any civil ap pointment within this State from the Governor, the Governor and Senate, or from the General Assembly, during the term for which he shall have been elected; and all such appointments, and all votes given for any such members for any such office or appointment, shall be void; nor shall any member of the General Assembly be interested, either directly or indirectly, in any contract with the State, or any county thereof, authorized by any lay passed during the term for which he shall have been elected, or within one year after the expiration thereof.