with a deed free of expense; provided that the settler has in those five years a log-house, and barn, and five acres fenced under cultivation either arable or pasture.

I have laid down the lots at 100 acres, as it coincides with the views entertained by the Colonial-office in the Regulations of February, 1831, and because 100 acres affords ample support and employment for a poor emigrant's means.

Emigrants from Great Britain, possessing capital and entering into bonds actually to settle, should be permitted advantages according to their capital, and should pay at once the up-set price of five, ten, fifteen, or twenty shillings per acre, according to the locality they desire, and the known value of the land; obtaining their patent as soon as they had opened for cultivation such a proportion of acres as might be deemed fit.

But in all these advantages the lands should be carefully guarded against speculators; and in no instance should more than 500 acres be sold to one settler in a township, whatever his means might be : for if he has plenty of capital, and wishes to be in a well-settled part of the country, he will always find a sufficiency of private land for sale. And in order to induce those now holding half the province by their speculations uncultivated, in hopes hereafter to create a landed aristocracy,-if I may use the term,-a somewhat heavier tax should be put on wild lands, so as to avoid injuring the owner of small portions, who cannot either obtain a market for them or cultivate them, but at the same time to make the land-jobber feel that his speculations will not be permitted to keep the country a forest for centuries.

To settlers from the United States, or those coming

from a foreign country chiefly on speculation, I should not feel disposed to hold out the same inducements as in those granted to British settlers.

The territory of the United States is large enough for its children for ages yet to come; and as Upper Canada is desirous of becoming national, and has been peopled hitherto chiefly by men of British principles, it seems that however useful and industrious the Americans are in any country, that to encourage their quitting their own favoured soil would be detrimental to all British interest, as Canada is not a large country as far as its fertile surface is concerned. But I would make no further distinction between British and foreign settlers than this. As soon as a British emigrant had built his log-house and had cleared one acre of ground, he should be permitted, if he had paid for his fifty acres, or for his whole purchase as the case might be, to hold the elective franchise; provided he was the head of the family, or in case of individual unmarried settlers, provided he had exercised that franchise after attaining the age of twenty-one in Britain or in Ireland, which could easily be proved.

For the foreign settler, the Oath of Allegiance should constitute one test-and the actual performance in person, and not by deputy, of the legal settlementduties, another; whilst no head of a family, nor in short any foreigner, should be permitted to vote at elections of any description until after he had been seven years in the province, from the date of his deed for his land, and from his taking the oath of allegiance, which in no alien case should be administered until the applicant had attained twenty-one; and in towns no foreigner should be entitled to vote at all, unless he

had constantly resided there for seven years. Thus Canada might become a country; and there is nothing unfair in this proposal, although it would paralyze the Radical interest: for it is well known that restrictions much more onerous are placed by every nation on aliens, and by none more efficiently than by the United States.

If the system of Land-granting is thus modified and altered, the Port of Montreal being now common to both the Canadas, an immense influx of British settlers would immediately enter and re-enter this country; and should it be still found advisable to expatriate such paupers as are able to work, and willing to try their fortunes in Canada, the low price at which land would be obtained for them might easily be raised either by private subscription, or from the Poor-law funds. Each head of a family would thus require only fifty shillings to commence farming with; and if he was supplied with suitable tools, and two years' rations, would become independent; whilst at the end of the term at which he was to be left to his own resources, he would be so far advanced in the scale of society (and consequently in his own estimation) as to be entitled to the elective franchise.

I look, therefore, to the following leading measures as calculated to remove all real complaints, and to tend more than any other to create and foster British feelings and principles in Canada; viz.,

1st. A complete, and not a mere partial, reorganization of the Land-granting systein.

2nd. The right of voting, upon the payment of the stipulated sum upon the first purchase, by British emigrants.

3rd. The immediate establishment of the University

of Canada, without any religious tests being required of the students.*

4th. The separation of pluralities in all official situations, as far as practicable.

5th. The reward of merit, without relation to party or politics, and a due but a guarded admission of the French Canadians to office and its emoluments. On some of these points I have stated my views sufficiently at large, excepting the fifth, which is a difficult question, and requires great deliberation.

BRITISH EMIGRANTS.

Since the government of Sir Francis Head this subject has occupied much reflection, and it is hoped will form a prominent feature in the measure for settling the agitation of the country; for, to use his own ideas in that clever work, "Bubbles from the Brunnen," it will, if properly settled, with the extension of education, completely paralyze and annihilate the hopes of the Radical Revolutionists in Western Canada; for the real "sweet little cherub that sits up aloft to keep watch" for the life of the country is not only sound and cheap education, but the unlimited exercise of the privilege of elective franchise by the free-born settlers from the old country, who will very soon outnumber the Canadians of French extraction, as is proved by the continual increase of emigration, the Agent's returns for 1842 alone giving the enormous amount of British emigrants arrived at Quebec, up to October the 31st, at upwards of 45,000.

* In the University of Toronto no tests are required, though in the new Trinity College none but those of the Church of England are permitted to study.-EDITOR.

CHAPTER VII.

State of Lower Canada from 1826 to 1837, when the Rebellion broke out.

BUT the reader must now return with me to Lower Canada, where the same desperate scheme of revolution was concocting by Papineau, on a larger and more dangerous scale.

The great trial of skill to obtain the appropriation of the casual and territorial, in fact, of all the imperial and colonial revenues, had been steadily going on; and in 1828, a grievance petition, signed by 80,000 habitans and their leaders, denouncing Lord Dalhousie, and almost demanding the surrender of the revenue, was sent home, and subjected to the deliberate examination of the House of Commons, by the Secretary for the Colonies, Mr. Huskisson. The Committee reported in favour of the House of Assembly, reserving, however, the salaries of the Governor - general, the Judges, and the Executive Council, which were to be continued, as independent of its control. The grievances of Lower Canada were also generally considered, and recommendations made for an extension, on more open principles of the Constitution of the Councils, and