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General Wilkinson, with all his blushing honours thick upon him, has left the army, to attend his court of inquiry.

Generals Chandler, Winder, and Winchester, who, agreeable to the former's prediction, have been drinking their wine in Quebeck, are exchanged, and on their return to their families.

It is reported that arrangements have been effected between our government and the commander in chief of Canada, for a general exchange of prisoners of war, and that cartels are to be despatched immediately.

The British are building a very large ship of war, at Kingston, and express a confident expectation of keeping the command of lake Ontario.

The confidence of the Corporation has been often manifested towards him. But surely a real friend to the College, and to Greek literature will never complain that new dignity stability, and consequence are given by private munificence to the hitherto neglected (I speak comparatively) slighted branch of ancient learning.

In selecting an officer to fill the new office it is to be presumed the Corporation will duly regard the rights, the feelings, the delicacy of the present incumbent, and that he, in common with others, will be a fair candidate.

The preferences, derived from existing claims, are of a delicate nature; but it should be remembered, that the honourable understanding of both parties referred only to a temporary connection; and it would be ruinous to the cause of letters and of the University to admit, either that limited establishments, (limited from necessity) should preclude more liberal ones, or that the claims of existing officers on limited foundations should preclude the Legislature of the University from consulting its ultimate and best interests.

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We conclude by saying, that we know that this most noble endowment had no reference to the manner in which this department was at present conducted; and that we are persuadWe answer. By no means. It has long ed, that whatever measures the Corporation been considered a desideratum, that there may adopt will have a due reference to the should be professorships in the Learned Lan-rights, the interests, and even the delicate guages, established on permanent funds, as feelings of existing officers, if they are not of a well as in Theology, Mathematicks, and Meta- morbid and too tender a character. physicks.

Sir J. L. YEO is appointed British Naval Commander in Chief, on the Canadian lakes. WASHINGTON BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. This numerous and very respectable society celebrate their anniversary this day. A large and splendid procession will form at the State House, at 10 o'clock, and proceed across the Common to Boylston-Street; through Pleasant to Orange-Street, through Newbury and Marlboro'-Streets, to School-Street, Tremont-Street, Court-Street, State-Street and Cornhill, to the Old South meeting house, where an Oration is to be delivered, by the Honourable TIMO-ement which he hired. THY BIGELOW.

LITERARY AND MISCELLANEOUS.

FOR THE BOSTON SPECTATOR.

NEW GREEK PROFESSORSHIP, AT CAMBRIDGE. SINCE the establishment of the University, there has never been a donation so liberal, as the one made for this foundation.

You have noticed this donation in your paper, and it has led to an inquiry as to the importance, and necessity of such a foundation.

It cannot be questioned, by any person acquainted with the state of literature in our country, that the Greek language has received less encouragement, than any other branch of

literature.

A few young men have of late years devoted more attention to it, than was usually paid during the fifty years preceding.

It is not my design to enlarge upon the importance of this language. That the Greeks

HARVARDIENSIS.

THE WORKS OF M. T. CICERO, IN ENGLISH."

Ir has been much disputed, under what kind of government works of extraordinary merit received the most liberal encouragement. It is of no great consequence to determine that point; but it will be highly honourable to the United States, if we can afford a proof, that ours may be ranked among the most favourable to Literature. As one, not unambitious of shewing such an honour even among millions, I most cheerfully contribute my mite towards the support of our claim.

In the present case, no inquiry can be made, who is the original author. The disciple of the most distinguished among Grecian philosophers, the literary boast of Rome in her proudest days, the glory of her forum, the defender of her liberties, the oracle of her purest morals, the man whose fame and productions have survived eighteen centuries, and whose admirers have increased in number probably to this day, is not now to be introduced to the publick, as a stranger, or an equivocal pretender to reputation. To give the works of so great a man, in the living languages, has exercised the talents of some of the best scholars and writers of modern ages. England has stood high in competition with rival nations, and the American publick are now offered, in one uniform and elegantly executed series, a selection of the best efforts, embracing transla tions of all his undisputed writings.

But this object, so desirable to every American scholar, cannot be attained without conditions. Such an undertaking canifot be executed but at a very great expense to the publishers. To insure indemnity and success, recourse must be had to the mode adopted in similar enterprizes in other countries-subscription. The proposition is neither new nor unreasonable; and encouragement is the sine qua non of the appearance of this edition.

But if the publishers are thus secured, what, will secure the subscribers against disappoint

ment? In the first place "the publication will be arranged and superintended by the Rever. end JOSEPH M'KEAN, Professor of Rhetorick and Oratory, in Harvard University." This is a guarantee for accuracy which, it must be presumed. will be universally satisfactory. For the high style of mechanical execution which is promised, we have the pledge of experienced fidelity, on the part of Messrs. WAIT and SoNs to their engagements with the publick. Many of the most elegant specimens of American typography are from their press and we know of not a single instance, in their industrious prosecution of business, for many years, in which they have excited and disappointed expectation. We most cordially wish them success, for the sake of the parties immediately concerned, for the interests of literature, and from a belief, that the success of the undertaking will do honour to our country.

THE IRON CROWN.

It will be recollected by those, who have attended to the biography of Bonaparte, that, several years ago, he assumed the title of King of Italy, and, with great parade, had the Iron crown placed upon his head, at Milan. I have always been at a loss to know the history of this crown, and why it should be an object of this famous usurper's ambition. I have found some sketches in Voltaire's "Annales de l'Empire depuis Charlemagne," which throw more light upon the subject, than I have been able to find in any history of Italy. The Lombards were an obscure tribe of Scandinavians, known as early as the reign of Augustus; they were then found between the Elbe and the Oder, a fierce and savage race, notorious only for their lawless barbarity towards their enemies. At the solicitation of Justinian, they passed the Danube. In the 6th century they descended into Italy and conquered Milan. In 774 Desiderius, the last of their native princes, resigned his sceptre; but the name was afterwards revived by the dukes and princes of Beneventum. They then became a more civilized, but still remained a formidable people, and, says "Rees's Cyclopedia," they were the only power in Italy, capable of defeating the ambitious views of the bishops of Rome."

play, having spent all his money on them at
Oxford, and having experienced that it was so
great an alienation of his mind from his stu-
dies, by the recurring of the speeches and ac-
tions into his thoughts, as well as the loss of
time when he saw them. That he had often
disputes with Mr. Seldon, who was his great
friend, and used to say he found great efresh-
ment by it; but my lord told him, he had so
much knowledge of the inconvenience of them,
that he would not see one for a hundred
pounds. He said, however, he was not of Mr.
Prynne's judgment, for he did not think it un-
lawful, but very fit for gentlemen sometimes,
yet not for students."

66

rise to such a report; and when once put in circulation every circumstance, however trifling, which occurs, is distorted into something like a proof of the fact. If the parties, whom the world has thus kindly and officiously selected as companions for life, without first taking the trouble to get their consent, happen to meet at a jam, a tea-party, or a ball, the attention of the company is immediately awake, every individual becomes lynx-eyed at once; if the gentleman crosses the room to speak to the lady, his aukward and embarrassed air (which is too often unfortunately to be attributed to nature, rather than the " tender passion") is immediately the subject of remark; if he is heard to inquire after her health, or PARSEVAL GRANDMAISON, a French writer say that he is happy to meet her there," this and poet, says in the introduction to his is, at once, looked upon as a declaration of his Amours Epiques," that "the Epick is the attachment; for how could a gentleman be first species of poetry, because that, indepen- happy to meet a lady with whom he was acdent of its own peculiar character, it embraces quainted, in company, unless he was in love the best qualities of every other species. It is with her? If, in consequence of a knowledge founded on History, of which it may choose the of the reports which are in circulation, and most brilliant epochs; it may be enriched with from observing the scrutinizing glances of the the marvellous of all Religions. Tragedy company turned upon them, they should dislends it her poniards and her poisons; and it cern in their countenances a change of colour borrows from the Lyrick its enthusiam and ex- (I have taken it for granted that the lady does traordinary emotions. The whole earth is its not use cosmeticks "as the manner of some is") theatre-it soars to the heavens-it plunges the question is then put beyond a doubt, in the into the abyss-it travels through boundless estimation of all the knowing ones; the ladies regions of space. Armed with metaphor and begin to "bet" "gloves," and the gentlemen allegory, it can give soul to matter, and bodystockings" upon the result with as much to thought. Its agents are the imagination, zeal, as though they intended to pay their understanding, reason, and sensibility-all the "bets" after they had lost them. It is in noblest faculties of man, which attend upon it vain that the gentleman or lady denies the at pleasure, rival in contributing their res- fact; the very denial is looked upon as an pective embellishments." additional proof of the truth of the charge ! Does the gentleman allege, that he has been no more "attentive" to this lady than to many others, nor more so than the long acquaintance and intimacy between the families to which they respectively belong would justify or require, he is immediately reminded that, at Mrs. B's, about three weeks since, he was "marked in his attentions"; which is perhaps true as far as this, that he preferred fifteen or twenty minutes' conversation with a fine girl, to imitaSIR, I HAVE frequently read in the spec- ing young beaux of the present day, who ting the laudable example of those entertainulations addressed to you, remarks upon some of the follies of fashionable life; I have seen a "play wooden-gentlemen set up for shew," or just censure bestowed upon those ladies who those young bloods, who post themselves by seem to live but for ❝ shew," and whose high- the doors, in order to levy contributions upon est ambition appears to consist in surpassing the wine, whenever it passes, and get most detheir acquaintance in the extravagance and lightfully "cut" before the evening is half over. brilliancy of a tea-party or a ball. The coquet The mischief which attends this disposition to and the prude have each, in their turn, receiv-magnify every little piece of civility bestowed ed an useful lesson from the perusal of your serious is not so trifling, as persons are at first by a gentleman upon a lady, into something communications; and I have great hopes that old maids how to get husbands, and the young valuable acquaintances are frequently broken before long, you will succeed in teaching the apt to imagine; the disadvantages which flow from it are by no means few or unimportant; maids how to live without them. There is off; a coldness and ceremony is often created one fashionable folly, however, which has not yet come under your censure, but which, in between families, who were before on terms of my opinion, calls as loudly for correction, as friendship, in consequence of some foolish reany which you have yet noticed; I refer to port, which perhaps has no other foundation the custom of circulating reports of persons than the intimacy between the families. The being " engaged to each other," or " being in gentleman hears it said that he is" engaged love with each other," who never dreamed of to" a certain lady; he is conscious that it is such a thing themselves, until it was announnot true, and fearing that the report will be ced to them by common report, or they per esteems, and to rid himself of the impertinent injurious to the lady, whom he respects and their conversation listened to by all the idle inquiries, which are continually made of him, SIR MATTHEW HALE-THE THEATRE. and impertinent of the company, which hap- becomes ceremonious, or perhaps avoids her he suddenly alters his conduct towards her, THE celebrity of Sir Matthew Hale, lord pened to be present. The origin of such rechief justice of the court of King's Bench, is ports, when they are not mere fabrications altogether; on the other hand, the lady is inwell known, at least to lawyers. One of his (which is not unfrequently the case) is gene-formed by some dear friend," that it is genpupils, Mr. Langton, left among other remarks rally derived from the slightest circumstance erally reported that she has set her cap" or respecting this great man, penned while pur-imaginable. To hand a lady across a gutter in is "trying to catch" (I make use of the techsuing his studies under him, that " he took up nical phrases) a certain gentleman; if she is a resolution, which he punctually observed possessed of any sensibility, her feelings are ever since, that he would never more see a shocked at the accusation, and she prefers the

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When the iron crown was made, or who first wore it, I cannot ascertain. In 184, says Voltaire, the Emperour Frederick the First, surnamed Barbarossa, went to be crowned king of Italy, at Milan, and they brought there Monza's Iron Crown In his annals of the Emperour Henry the Seventh, 1311, he Henry VII. appeared in that country, and says, "In the midst of the troubles of Italy, caused himself to be proclaimed king of Lombardy at Milan. The Guelphs, one of the powerful factions, which then distracted that kingdom, concealed the ancient iron crown of the Lombard kings, as though the right of reigning consisted in the possession of a particular little circle of iron. The emperour had a new one made." Which Bonaparte obtained I know not, but probably the one supposed to have been worn by the old kings of Lombardy.

ceived that their actions were all watched, and

a muddy day, or to offer her a part of your
umbrella, if she is surprised by a sudden
shower, is sufficient, in most cases, to give

loss of a valuable friend or acquaintance to the sacrifice of her character for delicacy; the result is a total suspension of acquaintance between persons who might otherwise have been happily united through life, but who would at any rate have been of service to each other as acquaintances or friends. But this course not only prevents an union in many cases, but has a direct tendency to render those which are formed extremely hazardous. So long as this practice shall continue, persons of different sexes are completely debarred from such an acquaintance, as shall enable them to ascertain the dispositions of each other, before they are committed in the most important transaction of their lives. An attempt to check the circulation of such reports, so long as they continue to produce any effect upon the par. ties implicated, would be idle and ineffectual. The lady is, upon such occasions, the person most interested; to the gentleman, directly, it is of but slight importance. I am of opinion that those, whom such conjectures most injure, have it in their own power to remedy the evil; for if they would treat these reports with the contempt which they deserve, and shew, by their conduct, that they disregard them, the great, the sole inducement, for spreading such conjectures would be taken away.

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From the signature and chirography, I am inclined to think this communication is from one of the "most interested" in the subject, and can thus account for my not realizing that the evil described is of so serious a consequence in society, as it is here represented, by my fair correspondent. It is true, its being believed that a lady is engaged, will generally, during the prevalence of such a belief, prevent her being considered a candidate for particular attention. This may not unfrequently be a serious injury to her, and keep the very person at a distance, who is the best calculated to insure her happiness. But how could her braving an unfounded report of her prc-engagement obviate this inconvenience? I see in it no such tendency, but the contrary. I rather think the honour and discretion of gentlemen are to be relied upon, and that the remedy lies with them. He must be of rather an equivocal reputation, who cannot, by the manner of expressing his negative to such an insinuation, destroy its credibility immediately. And his powers of address must be very limited, who cannot so distribute his civilities, in mixed companies, as to confound the speculations of the most curious and impertinent. Let him converse his "fifteen minutes" with the charmer, in the discovery of whose mind and character he feels the deepest interest; let him devote fifteen minutes more, apiece, to two or three others, in the same circle, or on the next occasion. Mrs. Tattle must then be able to calculate a nativity, or she will not dare pronounce, in either case, that "it is a settled affair."

POETRY.

THE CONFIDANT.

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FRAGMENTS FROM MODERN POEDS.

THE DELUSIVE ANTICIPATIONS OF YOUTH.
WO to the youth whom Fancy gains,
Winning from Reason's hand the reins,
Pity and wo! for such a mind
Is soft, contemplative, and kind;
And wo to those who train such youth,
And spare to press the rights of truth,
The mind to strengthen and anneal,
While on the stithy glows the steel!
O teach him, while your lessons last.
To judge the present by the past;
Remind him of each wish pursued,
How rich it glowed with promised good;
Remind him of each wish enjoyed,
How soon his hopes possession cloyed!
Tell him, we play unequal game,
Whene'er we shoot by Fancy's aim;
And, ere he strip him for her race,
Show the conditions of the chace.
Two sisters by the goal are set,
Cold Disappointment and Regret ;
One disenchants the winner's eyes,
And strips of all its worth the prize,
While one augments its gaudy show,
More to enhance the loser's wo.
The victor sees his fairy gold
Transformed, when won, to drossy mold,
But still the vanquished mourns his loss,
And rues, as gold, that glittering dross.

More wouldst thou know-yon tower survey,
Yon couch unpressed since parting day,
Yon untrimmed lamp, whose yellow gleam
Is mingling with the cold moon-beam,
And yon thin form the hectick red
On his pale cheek unequal spread;
The head reclined, the loosened hair,
The limbs relaxed, the mournful air.-
See, he looks up ;-a woful smile
Lightens his wo-worn cheek a while,-
'Tis Fancy wakes some idle thought,
To gild the ruin she has wrought;
For, like the bat of Indian brakes,
Her pinions fan the wound she makes,
And, soothing thus the dreamer's pain,
She drinks his life-blood from the vein. [SCOTT.]

MORNING.

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THE sun, awakening, through the smoaky air
Of the dark city casts a sullen glance,
Rousing each caitiff to his task of care,
Of sinful man the last inheritance ;
Summoning revellers from the lagging dance,

And scaring prowling robbers from their den;
Gilding on battled tower the warder's lance,

And warning student pale to leave his pen, And yield his drowsy eyes to the kind nurse of men. What various scenes, and, O, what scenes of wo

Are witnessed by that red and struggling beam! The fever'd patient, from his pallet low, Through crowded hospitals beholds it stream; The ruined maiden trembles at its gleam,

The debtor wakes to thoughts of gyve and jail, The love-lorn wretch starts from tormenting dream ; The wakeful mother, by the glimmering pale, Trims her sick infant's couch, and soothes his feeble wail.

INFANT SYMPATHY. THUS, peaceful, past year after year: One was their smile, and one their tear. Nor ever since the infants met,

The sun had on their parting set.

[SCOTT:]

And whether 'twas the force of blood

That in their kindred channels flow'd,
Or the strict tye that closely binds

In sympathy, congenial minds,

You would have thought each twin born flow'r
Had blossom'd in one roseate bow't ;
Soft vernal airs from fav'ring heav'n
To both like bloom and fragrance giv❜n.

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SORROW.

[SOTREBY.]

THE pledge we wore-I wear it still,
But where is thine -ah, where art thou?
Oft have I borne the weight of ill,

But never bent beneath till now!
Well hast thou left, in life's best bloom,
The cup of woe for me to drain;
If rest alone be in the tomb,

I would not wish thee here again
But if in worlds more blest than this
Thy virtue seeks a fitter sphere,
Impart some portion of thy bliss

To wean from me mine anguish here.
Teach me-too early taught by thee!-
To bear, forgiving and forgiv'n;
On earth, thy love was such to me;
It fain would form my hope in heav'n.

***************ALL creation takes

[LORD BYROX.]

The spirit of its character from him
Who looks thereon; and to a blameless heart,
Earth, air, and ocean, howsoe'er beheld,

Are pregnant with delight; while e'en the clouds,
Embath'd in dying sunshine, to the base
Possess no glory-to the wicked low'r
As with avenging thunder.

COMPASSION.

[WILSON

WHERE is the breast of modern mould,
Stern, inaccessible, and cold,

Which melts not, when its proud distress
Is balm'd by pity's gentleness?

It pierces through the warrior's steel,
His cares to soothe, his wounds to heal;
It creeps into the rankling heart,
And if it cures not, lulls the smart ;
All is not lost, if by our side

One faithful lingerer fondly stays,
But life's dark waste, so wild and wide,
Seems lessen'd on our gaze!
'Tis sweet on some familiar face
The mild reflected tear to trace,
And sympathy's responding sigh
Is musick to the frozen ear of misery.
[MISS HOLFORD.]

DEVOURING fate may close the bad man's doom, Crumble the throne, or crush the pompous temb; But virtue bruised exhales a purer breath, Sighs fragrance forth, and triumphs over death. [PHILLIPS]

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED FOR

JOHN PARK,

BY MUNROE & FRANCIS,

NO. 4 CORNHILL.

Price three dollars per annum, half in advance. Subscribers may be supplied with the preceding numbers.

DEVOTED TO POLITICKS AND BELLES LETTRES.

VOL. I.

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It would give us little satisfaction to assert a claim to superiority, in favour of the commonwealth in which it is our happiness to reside, if that superiority depended merely on the degeneracy of other states; but it is our glory to find Massachusetts distinguished among those states, which have good reason to rejoice in their political regeneration. We exhibit a character, without its parallel in the Union-a commonwealth in which democracy has fairly struck its flag.

But a short time since, Mr. Gerry, one of the most violent anti-federalists in the United States; a terrorist; an idolater of France and her sanguinary despot; a very jacobin in heart, was our Governour, and, in concert with his coadjutors, took every practicable measure, per fas et nefas, to perpetuate his and his party's ascendancy. Their career was active and daring; but it was short. A large majority of the people withdrew their confidence from Mr. Gerry and his friends; and on the next year, it was deemed expedient, by the leaders of the faction in opposition to Governour Strong, to propose a man whom they represented as more moderate, and who, in truth, was so. But he was an avowed democrat. The people wouid not have General Varnum for their Governour. The popularity of the cause to which he was devoted was rapidly sinking. Though a better man, he was worse supported, than Mr. Gerry.

The prospects of the party now became deplorable. A democratick governour was totally out of the question. There was every probability, and their leaders seem to have been well aware of it, that, if another attempt were made to carry a candidate of their own politicks, it would be found that the cause was still sinking. At the late election, therefore, the struggle was abandoned; the party had a candidate, to be sure; but were obliged to submit to the humiliation of supporting a man, who publickly disavowed any political connexion with them, and threw in their teeth, for their civility, the most pointed censures on the very measures of which they had been the zealous advocates !

Such then is at present the democracy of Massachusetts. The democracy of Massachusetts ! Where is it ? What is it ? Governour Strong has a majority of eleven thousand; less it is true than on the preceding year; but the quality of opposition is of at least as much consequence to the political character of the state, as the quantity. Governour Strong has sixty-two thousand votes, and who has the remainder? A gentleman who was one of the federal cabinet, at the time that it was most obnoxious to the Jeffersonian paraya gentleman, who, before thousands of his fellow-townsmen, recently denounced the policy of our rulers, as a pernicious deviation from the principles of Washington-a gentleman who seems, so far as he has chosen to express himself, to unite with us in opinion, that this

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BOSTON, SATURDAY, MAY 7, 1814.

war is carried on without just cause, and explicitly predicts failure and disgrace from the grand plan of our government,-that plan on which the pecuniary resources of the country have been squandered, and millions in debt accumulated, to blast our future prosperity. It was to a gentleman openly professing these sentiments, that the party, which lately made Mr. Gerry our governour, gave their support; and the only opposition papers we have in this state, warmly recommended such a man, as truly deserving the confidence of every citizen. Let this, then, be recorded and published, to the honour of Massachusetts. Her democracy is prostrated-it dares not show its colours it moves, but to kiss the rod. When was it ever so low, in this Commonwealth, since party-spirit has been known? Where can such an instance be produced ?n any part of the Union ? We know of none.

WAYS AND MEANS.

We have recently heard men, who wished well to this country, frequently express great satisfaction, at the failure of the federalists in attempting to get a majority in Congress, at the last election of members. A peace, say they, must be made; and it must be made by democratick rulers. If they make a peace, all democrats must believe it honourable-the spirit of invective against Great Britain then must die; and democracy must then die also.

а

It is true that, if our present rulers make peace with Great-Britain, it would seem that they must pronounce their complaints redressed, and that therefore the terms ، British partizan,' ، apologist for British wrongs, &c. would lose all their virtue. For fifteen years, the democratick party have come to the polls with no other charge against federalists, than that they were not willing and desirous to fight the English. Can they want us to fight, when they will not? They must then give up the ground of their exclusive claims to the confidence of their fellow-citizens.

O no-such tranquil days are not approaching. It is not from this or that idle imposture that democracy draws its aliment. It is interwoven in the very moral constitution of certain descriptions of society. The multitude run after demagogues, not because demagogues blind their reason by false argument or unfounded pretexts; but because they have diabolical prejudices and propensities, which they must and will indulge a pretext is necessary, but no matter what. Abuse of the English has answered very well; and, strange as it may seem, it may answer just as well after a peace by Mr. Madison, as before. Nay, the very treaty he will make will be violently censured by the democrats; odium will be excited against it, and that odium will attach to the federalists! It will but be necessary say, the government was impeded by the federalists they protested against the war they withheld their money they so assailed the publick credit, that even friends were intimidated. Thus government was deprived of the sinews of war, and by the federalists-they were compelled to make peace, and by the

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NO. XIX.

federalists. The treaty is a sacrifice of our rights-but no better could be obtained, while Great-Britain knew she had so strong a party in the United States, as the federalists. Then curse the treaty, the federalists, and the English,-and begin to talk again of war, which, in ten or fifteen years, may rise to actual hostilities.

For ourselves, though we hope to be proved in an errour, we cannot imagine that evils, which have grown from popular vices, will cease, until our popular vices are cured; and it seems that even bitter experience is but a slow physician.

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It is not in human foresight to anticipate, precisely, the result of the sanguinary struggle of which France is now the scene. The point of honour may be decided against, or in favour of Bonaparte; but we have the satisfaction to believe, and confidently, that the great event,in which the civilized world was interested, is accomplished. EUROPE IS FREE! The Gallick yoke is shivered to pieces. France may, perhaps, retain a domestick tyrant-but he will no longer trample upon the liberties of other nations.

The entry of the allies into France was not merely a bold enterprise--it was one which will do more towards establishing the securityof Europe, than any conditions which could have been accepted from Buonaparte, north of the Rhine. France, already debilitated by her long exertions for universal domination, has, at last, immense armies, friends and foes, in her own bosom, spreading devastation, and rapidly consuming her remaining resources. She may, perhaps, destroy as many of the enemy, as she loses of her own subjects; but the difference of circumstances is now incalculably against her. Instead of ravaging other countries, and extorting contributions abroad for the maintenance of her armies, as hereto fore, she must now, in a great measure, furnish means both for herself and her assailants.

We repeat it--the downfal of Buonaparte is rather a matter of feeling, than interest. In her very centre, five hundred thousand men are carrying on the work of destruction. Retributive justice is complete; and were it possible that not a regiment of the allied force should survive the conflict, the career of French sway is closed.

GENERAL HULL.

Ir seems, this officer was found guilty of cowardice by a late court-martial, and was sentenced to be shot. The General, however, was left at liberty to go where he pleased, until both his sentence and pardon were simul. taneously communicated to him. Is there not. something very extraordinary and novel in this proceeding? I have known an English officer, under sentence of death, allowed to occupy his room, under guard. His pistols: were intentionally left in his room, and even this was considered an indulgence not strictly warrantable, and overlooked, on account of his very respectable connexions, that, if he chose, he might avoid the ignominy of a publick eze

ecution. Possibly it may be customary in our country to let a man, under sentence of death, go at large--but this is the first and only in stance I can recollect.

Since writing the above, we have received Extracts from the proceedings of the Court Martial, on Gen. Hull, pushed at Washington in a pamphlet, by government. We have only room to insert the following particu

lars.

unofficer-like conduct."

son to know or believe the same was insufficient; and the court acquit him of the residue of that specification.

"The court find the said brigadier general William Hull guilty of the sixth and seventh specifications of that charge. "The court find the said brigadier general William Hull guilty of the third charge.

March 26. The court in sonsequence of their determination respecting the second and The first charge was for Treason against third charges, and the specifications under the United States." Theecond for « Cow-these charges, exhibited against the said brig ardice"--The third for "Neglect of duty and adier general William Hull, and after due consideration, do sentence him to be SHOT to death, two-thirds of the court concurring in the sentence.The court, in consideration of brigadier-general Hull's revolutionary services, and his advanced age, earnestly, recommend him to the mercy of the President of the U. States. "April 25. The sentence of the court is approved, and the execution of it remitted. JAMES MADISON.

The following opinion of the sourt was expressed, on the 25th of March, after hearing

all the evidence.

«The accused having, in his final defence, protested against the jurisdiction of the court to try the charge of treason, and the opinion of the court being, that the objection, which would have been tenable, if the same had been pleaded by the accused on his arraignment.; Aant and Inspecter General's Office, and believing also, that the court cannot acWashington, 25th April, 1814. quire jurisdiction of the offence by the waiver GENERAL ORDERS. or consent of the accused, they decline making The roll of the army is not to be longer any formal decision on that charge. The evi-dishonoured by having upon it the name of dence on the subject having, however, been brigadier general William Hull. publickly given, the court deem it proper, in justice to the accused, to say, that they do not believe, from any thing that has appeared be fore them, that brigadier general William Hull has committed treason against the United States.

"On the second charge, and the specifications attached to that charge (after hearing all the evidence and defence, and after due deliberation thereon), the court find brigadier general William Hull guilty of the first, second, and fourth specifications under that charge; and also guilty of the third specification under that charge, except that part which charges the said brigadier general William Hull with "forbidding the American artillery to fire on the enemy on their march towards the said fort Detroit."

"The court find the said brigadier general William Hull guilty of the second charge.

The general court martial, of which major general Dearborn is president, is hereby dissolved. By order, J. B. WALBACH, Adj. Gen.

GENERAL REGISTER.

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EUROPEAN. We are informed, a Halifax paper was yesterday brought as far as Newburyport, containing London dates to the 20th of March, giving official accounts, on both sides, of the battles, between the French and the Allies. The latter acknowledge a loss in the whole, since their entering France, of 40,000 in killed, wounded and prisoners.

Another report from Halifax states that an ARMISTICE between the French and allies had actually taken place.

"On the third charge, the court, after having heard the evidence, (as well as the defence), DOMESTICK. The most important news and after due deliberation, find the said briga- is the confirmation of an intention on the part dier general William Hull guilty of neglect of of the British to enforce a rigorous blockade duty, and unofficerlike conduct, as charged in of the whole coast of the United States. Adthe first specification under this charge, in miral Cochran received, at Bermuda, on the omitting, with sufficient care and frequency, 23d ult. the act repealing the Embargo laws, to inspect, train, exercise, and order, and to &c. On the 25th he proclaimed a general cause to be trained, inspected, exercised, and blockade of our coast, avowing it his object, by ordered the troops under his command, from this measure, to prevent the government of the sixth day of July, until the seventeenth day the United States from deriving revenue from of August, 1812, and acquit him of the residue duties on importations, which was the cause of of the charge contained in that specification. "The court acquit the said brigadier general repealing the Embargo, and non-importation acts. Some additional force has already arriv. William Hull of the second and third specified on our coast from Bermuda, for the purpose cations of the same charge. it into effect. of publishing this proclamation, and carrying

"The court find the said brigadier general William Hull guilty of the whole of the fourth specification of that charge, except that part which charges him with not seasonably repairing, fitting, and transporting, or causing to be fitted, repaired, and transported, the guns and gun-carriages which were necessary to the op erations of the war in the said British province of Upper Canada.

The President of the United States has gone to his seat at Montpelier, in Virginia.

The British blockading squadron in the Chesapeake frequently send parties on shore to obtain supplies, but are strictly ordered not to molest the inhabitants, nor to take any thing from individuals, without payment, at the full

value.

LITERARY AND MISCELLANEOUS.

FOR THE BOSTON SPECTATOR.

ON THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE LATIN LAN

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GUAGE.

IT is true that the most important object to be attained in the study of the latin language, is to possess ourselves of those literary stores, which have been handed down to us, from those times when Rome was great, powerful, and distinguished, no less by her learning, than her arms. It is generally considered impossi ble to ascertain now, what was the true pronunciation of the ancient Romans--and though perhaps such a knowledge might lead to the discovery of new beauties in both their prose and poetry, it could not make us better acquainted with the sentiments transmitted in their writings.

But independent of this consideration, a knowledge of the latin, affords a great advantage, as a medium of communication between literary men of different nations, respectively unacquainted with one another's proper language. On this account, a common mode of pronunciation, were very desirable.

It is a fact that the difference in the pronunciation of this language, among modern nations, depends principally on the power of the vowels, a, e, and i. It is likewise to be remarked, that all continental Europe, the Scotch, the Irish, and some Americans, adopt, very nearly, the Italian sound of these letters-The English keep their own, and are followed generally by the Americans. The consequence is, that as a medium of common verbal communication, the latin language is of little use between Englishmen and Americans, and the learned of other nations.

This is an evil, which might easily be obviated; and as I believe the government of our University liberally permit the students, fin this respect, to follow their own taste, I would submit to the young gentlemen some remarks, from different respectable writers, who are decidedly of opinion that the Italian pronunciation ought to be adopted by all who study the latin language.

SCALIGER, in his three hundred and fiftysecond Epistle, says, "Even the best scholars among the English speak Latin with so wretched a pronunciation, that I remember being in company with an Englishman of that description, who talked Latin to me for a complete quarter of an hour, and whom I understood no more than if he had talked Arabick. I made my excuses for not answering him, as I did not very well understand English. On this my friend, who introduced him to me, burst out into a loud fit of laughter; so that I could never afterwards see him without confusion."

An English writer, after quoting the above remarks of Scaliger, gives the following, as his own opinion.`

The pronunciation of Latin by Englishmen, setting aside all reasons deduced from the make of the letters, the sounds of the vowels, and the rules for the pronunciation of them that have been laid down by Quintilian and by others, is surely defective, as it differs from the pronun

ciation of all other nations, and renders an

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Englishman out of his own country, and even in Scotland, when he speaks Latin, as unintelligible as if he were speaking the Hottentot lanCOMMODORE PERRY arrived in town lastguage. It would be surely worth while in our Sunday--has accepted an invitation to a pub- schools to teach the Italian pronunciation of lick dinner, to be given as a testimony of reLatin, which we may necessarily suppose to be the most perfect, and which was adopted by spect, on Tuesday next. Milton himself, when he taught school in London.

"The court find the said brigadier general William Hull guilty of so much of the fifth specification to that charge as relates to neglect of duty and unofficerlike conduct, in suffering his communication with the river Raisin and the state of Ohio, to be cut off, and sending major Van Horne to attempt to open I might multiply quotations, of the same same with an inadequate force; he, the said read not unambitious of sharing, for not unambitious of purport; but I shall only add an extract from brigadier general William Hull having rea

the

ERRATUM. In the 9th hine of the article, on "THE WORKS OF M T. CICERO," in our last paper, page 70,

shewing.

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