redo per San Marco (2975 ft.), in the Valle del Bitto di Albaredo, and thence to Morbegno (p. 214), in the Val Tellina.

From Lenna a road runs to the N.E. in the beautiful Valfondra viâ the villages of (11, M.) Valnegra (1910 ft.) and Moio de' Calvi (2170 ft.), beyond which a branch-road diverges to the right for Bordogna and the little summer-resort of Roncobello (3410 ft.; Grand-Hôtel Roncobello, R. 21/2-5, board 61/2 fr.; Alb. Mileri). The main road then traverses the Gola di Fondra, a gloomy ravine, to the villages of (212 M.) Fondra (2320 ft.), (33/4 M.) Trabuchello (2580 ft.), and (61 M.) Branzi (2770 ft.; Alb. Monaci; Alb. Berera; guide, Cristof. Monaci), in the upper part of the valley. From Branzi a bridle-path leads to the S.E. past the beautiful Falls of the Brembo to the Rifugio ai Laghi Gemelli (6635 ft.; inn), near the two mountain-lakes on the W. slope of Monte Corte (8180 ft.), and thence over the Passo d'Aviasco to Valgoglio and Gromo (p. 257), in the Val Seriana; another leads to the N. viâ Valleve (3745 ft.) and Foppolo (4970 ft.; Corno Stella) to the Passo Dordona (6825 ft.) and thence through the Val Madre and past the village of that name to Fusine and the station of San Pietro-Berbenno (p. 214) in the Val Tellina. The *Corno Stella (8595 ft.), to the N.E., may be ascended from Branzi viâ Carona (3640 ft.) and the Passo di Publino (7715 ft.); from its summit a magnificent view is obtained of the Bergamasque Alps, the Val Tellina, the Alpine chain from the Gran Paradiso and Monte Rosa to the Ortler, and the distant plain of Lombardy (panorama by Bossoli). We may descend from the pass to (1 hr.) the Alp di Publino (6860 ft.; accommodation), near the picturesque tarns called the Laghi di Publino (6905 ft.), and viâ (112 hr.) San Salvatore (4295 ft.; inn), with a church said to be the oldest in the Val Tellina (5th cent. ?), to (11/2 hr.) Albosaggia (1575 ft.), whence a road crosses the Adda to (3/4 hr.) Sondrio (p. 214).

2. VALLE SERIANA.

RAILWAY from Bergamo (station, Pl. E, ) to Clusone, 2012 M. in 184 hr. (fares 2 fr. 70, 1 fr. 95 c.). DILIGENCE from Clusone to Bondione daily in 41, hrs., to Lovere in 21/4 hrs., and to Vilminore in 51/2 hrs.

Bergamo, see p. 248. The RAILWAY descends to the N.E. through the picturesque and industrial Valle Seriana, or valley of the Serio, halfway up which are many zinc and lead mines in the dolomitic triass. 412 M. Alzano Maggiore (9530 ft.), where the church of San Martino contains an altar-piece by Lor. Lotto - 8 M. (Death of Peter Martyr); good wood-carvings in the sacristy. Albino (1140 ft.; Alb. Falcone), the chief place in the lower part of the valley (3700 inhab.), was the birthplace of G. B. Moroni (p. 262); the parish church contains an altar-piece by him. Farther on the line is carried along a viaduct in the bed of the Serio. 11 M. Gazzaniga (1255 ft.).

At (17 M.) Ponte di Nossa and (18 M.) Ponte della Selva (1560 ft.; Alb. Biffi) are cotton-mills driven by electricity.

201, M. Clusone (2125 ft.; Alb. Gámbero, good; Alb. Reale; Alb. Barzasi), a small town with 5000 inhab., whence diligences run to (81/2 M.) Lovere (p. 272; S.E.) and to Vilminore (p. 273; N.E.).

From Clusone the HIGHROAD (diligence, see above) is joined at (114 M.) Villa d'Ogna (1770 ft.), whence it proceeds along the left bank of the Serio viâ (3 M.) Ardesio (1945 ft.) to the (33/4 M.) Ponte

di Briolta, where the two roads up the valley unite. From this point we follow the right bank viâ (51, M.) Gromo (2220 ft.; Alb. Terzi, good; Ristorante della Posta), most picturesquely situated, (712 M.) Gandellino (2220 ft.), and (10 M.) Fiumenero (2600 ft.; Osteria Morandi), finally skirting the S. base of the Pizzo Redorta (9965 ft.), to (131⁄2 M.) Bondione (2920 ft.; Alb. della Cascata, R. 11⁄2 fr., very fair; guides, Serafino Bonacorsi, Ant. Josi, etc.), the last village in the Valle Seriana, encircled by imposing mountains.

A bridle-path (marked by the I. A. C.) leads to the N.E. of Bondione, on the left bank of the Serio, passing picturesque cascades and ravines (Goi di Fonc, Goi del Cà), to the (2 hrs.) magnificent *Cascate del Serio, which descend in three leaps from a height of about 1000 ft. into a romantic cauldron environed by snow-clad mountains (best view from the *Belvedere, protected by iron railings). Above the falls, on the Piano del Barbellino (3 hrs. from Bondione), is the finely situated Rifugio Curò (6220 ft.) of the Italian Alpine Club (inn in summer).

From the Rifugio the Pizzo Recastello (9475 ft.; 312 hrs.), the Monte Gleno (9355 ft.; 31/2-4 hrs.), the Monte Torena (9550 ft.; 4 hrs.), the Pizzo del Diavolo (9600 ft.; 4 hrs.), and the Pizzo di Coca (10,015 ft.; 5 hrs.) may be ascended with a guide (10-12 fr.). Hence we may proceed over the Passo della Malgina (9065 ft.) and through the finely wooded Val Malgina to the N. to (6 hrs.) San Giacomo, in the Val Tellina (a pleasant trip). Or we may pass the small Barbellino Lake (6995 ft.; to the N.E.) and the sources of the Serio and ascend to (3 hrs.) the Passo di Caronella (8585 ft.); we then descend through the Valle di Caronella to (3 hrs.) Carona (accommodation at the curé's) and (11⁄2 hr.) Tresenda (p. 215).

3. VAL CAVALLINA.

STEAM TRAMWAYS. 1. From Bergamo (station, Pl. E, 5) to Sárnico, 2212 M. in 2/2 hrs. (fares 2 fr. 20, 1 fr. 40 c.); to Trescore, 1012 M. in 1 hr. (fare 1 fr. 70 c.). 2. From Trescore to Lovere, 171/2 M. in 11/2 hr. Bergamo, see p. 248. The TRAMWAY TO SARNICO crosses the Serio near (3 M.) Villa di Serio (900 ft.), then runs to the E. through fertile hilly country, viâ (51⁄2 M.) Torre de' Roveri (895 ft.), to (101⁄2 M.) Trescore Balneario (890 ft.; Alb. Stabilimento; Alb. della Torre, R. 2-4, P. 7-10 fr.), a small watering-place with sulphur-baths, at the end of the Val Cavallina. Near Trescore is the Villa Suardi, with frescoes by Lor. Lotto (1524).

From Trescore the tramway first runs to the S. to (1112 M.) Gorlago (780 ft.), 114 M. from the station mentioned at p. 258, then to the S.E. to (16 M.) Grumello del Monte (685 ft.; p. 258), whence it ascends to the N.E. viâ (1812 M.) Caleppio to (2212 M.) Sarnico (p. 271).

The TRAMWAY TO LOVERE ascends the Val Cavallina to the N.E. from Trescore, running viâ (3 M.) Borgo di Terzo (985 ft.) to (7 M.) Spinone (1195 ft.), and thence along the W. bank of the pretty Lago di Spinone or Lago di Endine (1105 ft.) to (10/2 M.) Endine (1310 ft.; Alb. Leoni); finally it descends into the Borlezza Valley, passing viâ (141/2 M.) Sovere-Pianico and (16 M.) Castro (p. 272), on the Lago d'Iseo, to (171, M.) Lovere (p. 272).

42. From Lecco to Brescia viâ Bergamo.

52 M. RAILWAY in 3-3/4 hrs. (fares 9 fr. 65, 6 fr. 75, 4 fr. 35 c.). We change carriages at Rovato. Views of the Alps to the left.

Lecco, see p. 195. 21/2 M. Maggianico; 33/4 M. VercuragoSan-Girolamo; 41/2 M. Calolzio-Olginate, all stations on the line from Lecco to Monza and Milan (p. 195). 16 M. Ponte-SanPietro-Locate, the station for Ponte San Pietro (735 ft.), with a cotton factory, a pretty church, and an old castle. Railway to Seregno, see p. 18. We cross the Brembo (p. 254).

2012 M. Bergamo (p. 248).

Near (231/2 M.) Seriate (815 ft.; Alb. Cervetta) the Serio (p. 256) is crossed; below the village the river runs for some distance underground. 28 M. Gorlago (p. 257). 311⁄2 M. Grumello del Monte (p. 257). The Oglio (p. 270) is next crossed; looking down the river we have a fine view of

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34 M. Palazzolo sul Oglio (545 ft.; Alb. Italia), an industrial place on the left bank of the river, the junction of a branch-line to (6 M.) Parático - Sárnico (p. 271). On the left are the moraine hills of the Franciacorta, at the S. end of the Lago d'Iseo. The line skirts the Mont' Orfano. 39 M. Coccaglio (525 ft.).

40, M. Rovato, junction for the line from Milan to Verona and thence to (52 M.) Brescia, see p. 259.

43. From Milan to Verona viâ Brescia.

93 M. RAILWAY in 214-43/4 hrs. (fares 17 fr. 40, 12 fr. 20, 7 fr. 85 c.; express, 19 fr. 15, 13 fr. 40, 8 fr. 70 c.). Train de luxe' (Cannes-Vienna, p. 30), in 21/4-21/2 hrs. (fare 25 fr. 90 c.). Some of the express trains have dining-cars. Railway stations at Desenzano and Verona, see pp. 259, 297. - Best views on the left.

Milan, see p. 152. 12 M. Melzo. At (16 M.) Cassano d'Adda (435 ft.; Alb. Grande) we cross the blue Adda (p. 214).

About 42 M. to the N. of Cassano is the little town of Vaprio d'Adda (530 ft.), terminus of the light railway from Milan viâ Villa Fornaci. In the Villa Melzi is a fresco of the Madonna of the school of Leonardo da Vinci.

20 M. Treviglio (415 ft.; Rail. Restaurant; Alb. Regina d'Inghilterra), a town of 5900 inhab., is the junction for the passenger-trains to Bergamo (comp. R. 40). The church of San Martino contains interesting pictures by Bern. Zenale and Bern. Butinone.

FROM TREVIGLIO TO CREMONA, 402 M., railway in 1/2-2 hrs. (fares 7 fr. 55, 5 fr. 30, 3 fr. 40 c.). 312 M. Caravaggio (365 ft.), a town of 7700 inhab., with the pilgrimage-church of the Madonna di Caravaggio, was the birthplace of the painter Michael Angelo Amerighi da Caravaggio (ca. 1565-1609). 132 M. Crema (260 ft.; Alb. Pozzo Nuovo), an industrial town (8000 inhab.) and episcopal residence, with an ancient castle. The Romanesque Cathedral has a fine brick façade of the 13th cent. and contains a painting (SS. Sebastian, Christopher, and Rochus) by Vine. Civerchio (2nd altar on the left). About 3/4 M. from the town stands the

circular church of Santa Maria della Croce, with effective subsidiary buildings in brick, built after 1490 by Giov. Battaggio and others, under the influence of Bramante; the interior is octagonal in form. Steam-tramway to Soncino and Lodi (Milan), see p. 434. 24 M. Soresina; 30 M. Casalbuttano (200 ft.); 331⁄2 M. Olmenetă (p. 247). - 402 M. Cremona, see p. 244. We cross the Serio (p. 256). 28 M. Romano di Lombardia (395 ft.), junction for the light railway from Bergamo to Soncino (comp. p. 253).

The little town of Soncino (280 ft.; Alb. Aquila d'Oro, well spoken of), on the Oglio (p. 270), 101⁄2 M. to the S.E. of Romano, is the terminus of the above-mentioned steam-tramway from Milan viâ Lodi and Crema, and is connected by a similar tramway with Brescia (p. 269). It contains a handsome Castello, built in 1469-75 by Ben. Ferrini (p. 173) for Galeazzo Maria Sforza. The Palazzo Viala, with a tasteful terracotta façade, and the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie (founded in 1492), with frescoes by Giul. and Bern. Campi, are interesting. The Palazzo Barbi, at Torre Pallavicina, on the Oglio, 3 M. to the N. of Soncino, has a charmingly painted interior, due to the Campi (introduction necessary).

To the left, some distance from the railway, lies Cortenuova, which was the scene of the last great victory gained by Emp. Frederick II. and Ezzelino over the allied towns of Lombardy (1237). Beyond (32 M.) Calcio the Oglio is crossed. 3612 M. Chiari (485 ft.), an old industrial town with 4200 inhab., where Prince Eugene defeated Catinat on Sept. 1st, 1701.

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40, M. Rovato (565 ft.; Rail. Restaurant), a small town with 5000 inhab., is dominated on the W. by the convent of San Michele, situated on the long ridge of Mont'Orfano (1480 ft.), the southernmost hill of the Franciacorta (p. 270). Rovato is the junction of the line from Lecco to Bergamo and Brescia (R. 42) and a station on the steam-tramway from Chiari to Iseo (p. 270).

51 M. Brescia, see p. 260.

56 M. Rezzato (p. 276). The Chiese (p. 276) is crossed. — Beyond (65 M.) Lonato (615 ft.), with an old fortress, the train intersects the W. edge of the belt of moraines (8-9 M. wide) that encloses the S. end of the Lago di Garda from the Chiese to the valley of the Adige, forming several concentric semicircles, interrupted by steep, isolated heights.

The line is now carried over a long viaduct, affording an admirable *Survey in clear weather of the dark blue Lago di Garda (p. 279) and the peninsula of Sirmione (p. 281) to the left, and reaches the high-lying station of

6812 M. Desenzano (p. 280).

From the main rail. station (restaurant) a BRANCH LINE (21/2 M., in 10 min.) runs to the harbour-station (Desenzano Lago), 2 min. from the pier. The fare (55, 40, 30 c.) is included in the through-tickets. Travellers with hand-luggage will find it quicker to go by omnibus or cab (p. 280). A STEAM TRAMWAY viâ Lonato (see above) to Castiglione delle Stiviere (p. 269) is under construction.

72 M. San Martino della Battaglia. A monument on the right commemorates the battle of Solferino, where the French and

Piedmontese under Emp. Napoleon III. and King Victor Emmanuel II. defeated the Austrians under Emp. Francis Joseph, 24th June, 1859.

Hurried travellers content themselves with a visit to the Tower of San Martino (360 ft.; adm. 50, on Sun. and holidays 25 c.), 3/4 M. to the S. (42 M. to the S.E. of Desenzano and 6 M. to the S. of Sirmione). This structure, erected to commemorate the battle of Solferino and converted into a military museum in 1893, stands upon a platform 65 ft. in width and rises to a height of 243 ft. We first enter a circular chamber, in the centre of which is a statue of Victor Emmanuel II. by Ant. Dal Zotto. On the walls are scenes from the life of the King, and on the vaulting are eight allegorical figures representing the chief cities of Italy, all by Vitt. Bressanin. The niches contain busts of the eight Italian generals who fell in the wars of independence. From the round chamber an easy staircase ascends to seven rooms, all containing battle-paintings. From the uppermost room we emerge on the platform of the tower, which not only commands the battle-field (chief points indicated by arrows) but also affords an extensive *View of the Lago di Garda and the chain of the Alps. Near the tower are a post-office, a modest trattoria, and a Charnel House, surrounded by cypresses.

The village of Solferino (675 ft.; Colonna, Sole, both plain), which formed the centre of the Austrian position, lies on the S.W. margin of the hills bordering the Lago di Garda on the S., about 71/2 M. to the S. of Desenzano and about 5 M. to the S.W. of San Martino.

We traverse the Lugana to (77 M.) Peschiera sul Garda (p. 289). On the left we have a view of the Monte Pastello (p. 25), of the Corno d'Aquilio (5072 ft.), on the W. verge of the Altipiano dei Lessini (p. 313), and of the Gruppo di Posta (p. 313).

7912 M. Castelnuovo di Verona.

84 M. Sommacampagna, 114 M. to the N. of the village of Sommacampagna (395 ft.; Alb. Carletti) and 5 M. to the N.E. of Custoza (p. 314). — 911, M. Verona Porta Nuova. The Adige is crossed. 93 M. Verona Porta Vescovo, see p. 297. To Venice, see R. 50.

44. Brescia.

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The Railway Station (Pl. A, 4; Restaurant), for the lines to Milan and Venice (R. 43), Bergamo and Lecco (R. 42), Edolo (R. 45 b), Cremona (p. 247), and Parma and Sarzana (p. 269; R. 59), lies at the S.W. end of the town. Town Office at Via Giordano Bruno 5 (Pl. B, 3).

Hotels. In the town: *ALB. D'ITALIA (Pl. b; C, 3), Corso Zanardelli 32 R. 21/2-31/2, B. 14, omn. 3/4 fr. ; *HÔT. GALLO (PÍ. c; C, 3), Via Paganora 3 with good restaurant, R. from 2, central heating 14, omn. 11/2 fr.; Alb. BRESCIA (Pl. a; B, 3), Via Umberto Primo, R. 21/2-31/2, omn. 3/4 fr.; OROLOGIO VECCHIO (Pl. e; C, 2), Via Broletto, near the Piazza del Duomo, R. 2-21/2 fr.; GAMBERO (Pl. d; C, 3), near the Corso Zanardelli, R. 2, omn. 1/2 fr.; PANTEO (Pl. f; C, 3), Via Gabriele Rosa, R. from 11 fr. Near the station: HOT. IGEA (Pl. g; A, 4), Viale Stazione, with restaurant, 60 R. from 21/2 fr., good; HOT. MEUBLE LOCATELLI (Pl. h; A, 4), Via Vincenzo Foppa 9, with small garden, R. 3 fr., very fair; ALB. VOLTA, plain.

Cafés-Restaurants. *Ristorante La Vittoria, Caffè Maffio, Bar Central, etc., in the Corso Zanardelli. Bar Aquarium, Corso Zanardelli, good coffee. Birreria. Gambrinus, Via Paganora (variety entertainments).

Cabs (carrozze pubbliche; stand in the Via delle Dieci Giornate, near