enamel paintings of our Saviour, of the Virgin, or of some favourite saint, and on the top glitters a cross of brilliants. The engraving represents the archbishop in his robes of ceremony, in the act of giving the benediction. Everything connected with the ceremonies of the Greek Church, has some occult meaning; thus, the three tapers in the one hand, are intended to represent the Trinity; they approach so closely at the extremities, that their flames mingle into one: the two candles are meant to symbolize the twofold nature of our Saviour. Strictly forbidden to indulge in animal food, or to participate in the simplest pleasures of the laity, doomed to celibacy, and debarred, by the stern regulations of their monastic order, from the innocent enjoyments of social intercourse, the higher clergy of Russia lead a life of unvarying austerity, which, though it may possibly in some instances be favourable to sanctity of life, incapacitates them, nevertheless, from personally promoting those schemes of benevolence, which are the glory of our own land, and the delight of our own clergy. Their studies being restricted to subjects exclusively connected with their profession, and more immediately with their own individual church, they are naturally enthusiastically partial to its ceremonies; yet far from being bigoted, they do not presume to limit the hopes of salvation within the pale of their own communion. As a body they are distinguished for unobtrusive modesty of deportment, and primitive simplicity of manners. Dead to the softening influences of domestic life, but assiduous in the duties of the altar....rarely ambitious of literary renown, and never mingling in the turmoil of politics....they glide through a noiseless life, and sink to the repose of a quiet grave within the cloister-walls, and are forgotten; unless, perhaps, they find, in after-ages, a line in the calendar or a niche in the iconastas,-beyond this their wildest fancy never ranges. The lower order of monks are generally very illiterate, indolent, and repulsively dirty; but otherwise they are a harmless, inoffensive race of men, who, though capable of effecting little to advance the interests of mankind, yet have it not in their power to do much harm, either by influence or by example; their sphere being limited by the walls of their monastery, to the society within which they are in point of fact restricted, by their equivocal position, which places them just one step in rank above the ignorant peasant, and yet, too much below the more educated classes in mind, manners, and knowledge of the world, to mingle with them on terms at all approaching to equality. At the period when habits of brutalizing intoxication were so prevalent throughout the empire, from the court to the peasant's hovel, as scarcely to be regarded as a vice, the monks were by no means exempt from the degrading custom. At the present time, the standard of morals is happily much higher in the monasteries; the addiction to this vice existing only among the very lowest of their members, and presenting an insuperable bar to preferment. None are admitted into the order of monks till after the age of thirty; nor can a novice take the veil as nun till she is fifty years of age. The monasteries, and nunneries are classed in three divisions, of which the constitution and discipline differ but slightly, though they vary in rank. The Stauropigia, governed exclusively by the synod; the Cœnobia, where the brethren live in common: and the Laura, in which each provides for himself. The latter is the highest class, and of this there are only three establishments: those of St. Alexander Nevsky in St. Petersburgh, of Troitza near Moscow, and o Kieff; the latter of great antiquity, dating its origin from the eleventh century. LONDON: Published by JOHN WILLIAM PARKER, WEST STRAND; and sold by all Booksellers Berlin, A. Asher.-Hamburg, Perthes & Besser.-Leipsic, Black & Armstrong, (of London.)-St. Petersburgh, A, Asher M.DCCC.XXXVIII. INDEX ГО ТНЕ NAMES AND SUBJECTS IN THE ELEVENTH VOLUME. 232 Anchor, forging of the, 23 Ancient Watch and Ward, 12 Ancient and Modern Philosophy compared, 110 Animal Matter, process of, 223 Ants, black and red, of Australia, 79 Arnott, extracts from, 179, 192 Arveiron, source of the, 129 Assistance, necessity of mutual, 256 Bacon, extracts from, 111, 224, 240 Barbadoes, account of a hurricane in, 68 Barnard, Mordaunt, lines by, 208 Bathurst, C., extracts from, 77 Beattie, extracts from, 111, 167, 250 Bible, illustrations of the, from the monuments of antiquity, I., 147-II., 180-111., 196-IV., 236-V., 251 Bird, lines by, 128 Birds, pleasure derived from the song of, 93 Black Comb, Cumberland, lines on, 16 Black and Red ants of Australia, 79 Blackstone, selection from, 183 Blair, extracts from, 103, 115, 141, 208 Boiling Springs, isle of Amsterdam, 153 Boppart, town of, 113 Bradford, selection from, 55 Calm at sea, what resembling, 156 94 Campbell, lines by, 185 Canton, some account of the city of- Carcassonne, France, town of, 97 Castle at Baden, second visit to, 19 Cave Uamh Smowe, Sir W. Scott's visit to, 199 Chamount and Mont Blanc, 129, 209 Chappelow, selection from, 55 Charity in Deportment, 118 Charles the Second and William Penn 29 Chemist, the young, X., 13-XI., 20 Prophecies, 92-V., Miracles, 119 Christianity, its superiority, 127 Clarke, Dr. A., extracts of letters to, Facts in comparative Anatomy, 144, 232 Faculties of Man, 14 Flowers, lessons derived from, 118 Fore Abbey, Westmeath, account of, 145 Forest Trees, notes on, 23, 56, 104, 128 Frossard, extracts from, 29, 52, 54, 93 Gardening, on the pursuit of, 125 Geology, familiar illustrations of, 67, 191 Germany, universal practice of knitting in, 152 Gnat, natural history of, 28 superintending care of, 80 Good and bad qualities, to what imputed, 163 Good things, distribution of, 200 Lake Windermere, visit to, 73 Holy Wells, 54-XII., British Po Lemon-tree, account of, 31 Lewis, extract from, 2 first twenty years of, 143 disappointments of, 37 -Assurance, popular illustrations of, III., 5,-IV., 95-V., 238-V., 244 Lightning, force of, 149 Locke, selections from, 227, 256 Lockhart, extracts from, 199, 223, 231 Love of good men to be studied, 141 Macallister's Cave, Isle of Skye, Sir W. Scott's visit to, 223 Mind, necessity of cultivating, 190 Mode of collecting Caoutchouc, 205 Mongolfier, anecdote of, 52 Mont Blanc, account of, 129-Source of the Arveiron, 129-The Cou- Montgomery, James, lines by, 111 Help, necessity of, 127 Nassau, Duchy of, 233 National Statues, VIII., George Frederick Handel, 89 Nature, study of, inexhaustible, 91 of affectation, 93 -progressiveness and final perfection of, 248 Nayti, a New Zealander, account of, 262 Nets, on washing, 77 New South Wales, sketches of, XIX., 78-XX., 95 New Zealand some account of, 258 Notes on Forest Trees, XVIII., The White Beech, 23-XIX., The White Birch, 56-XX., The Holly, 104-XXI., The Alder, 128 Nothing," lines on, 144 Noyon, France, town of, 249 Oak, dwarf, and kermes, 93 Parents, last duty of, 183 Peasantry of Russia, manners and customs of, 137 Penn, extract from, 102 William, and Charles the Second, 22 Perseverance, good effects of, 37 Peruvian Bark, natural history of, 141 Philosophers' Stone, IV., 101-V., 140 Philosophy, ancient and modern, compared, 110 how conducive to happi ness, 167 Pinckard, selection from, 14 Pleasures of a country life, 27 Poor and Rich, difference, between,227 Prairie Dogs, republic of, 158 Pursuit of Gardening, 125 Quarles, selections from, 80, 91, 93 Queen Victoria, lines on, 120 Ray, extracts from, 91 Rehme, Belgium, salt-works at, 29 Religious Instruction, duty of govern ments to provide, 55 Remarks on Flowers, 144 Reproof, 93 Republic of Prairie Dogs, 158 Rich and Poor, difference between, 227 Campidoglio, 41-Equestrian Sta- Ross Island and Castle, Killarney, leaves, blossoms, and 'seedpods, of, 123 Alps, storm on, 241 Amsterdam, South Seas, island of, 153 Anatomy, illustrations of, 109, 116, 117, 118, 220, 221 Ancient Watch of London, cressets of, 13 Egyptian monuments, drawings on, 148, 149, 180, 181, 196, 197, 236, 237, 252, 253 Ant-eater, scull of, 168 Approach to the Grauds Mulets Rocks, Mont Blanc, 133 Archbishop of the Greek Church, 8 Sandford, Mrs., selections from, 23, 92, 144 Sarcophagus, the Belzoni, 18 Science, amusements of, III., Optios, extracts from, 20, 52, 56, 110, 111, 127, 146, 159 visit to the cave Uamh Smowe, 199 visit to Macallister's Cave, Isle of Skye, 223 visit to the Isle of Staffa, 231 Sea, suffering at, 27 Sea-bathing, on, 35 Seed, extracts from, 91, 139, 238 Self-preservation, instinctive love of, in children, 7 Seps, natural history of, 53 Sinclair, selections from, 55, 71, 79 Sketches of New South Wales, XIX., 78-XX.,-95 VII., 66 Russia, V., 7-VI., 26 Smith, Sir T., extracts from, 104, 123, 141, 227, 250 Solitude, effects of, 231 who fit for, 240 Somerville, Mrs., extracts from, 118, 150, 182 Somnambulism, case of, 151 Suspicion, how to be remedied, 111 Tabular view of the principal offices for Life Assurance in London, 244, 245 Taste for Scientific Inquiry, 29 effects of, 52 Town of Noyon, France, account of 249 Trees and Plants used in Medicine, account of, 141, 156 architecture of, 4 INDEX TO THE ENGRAVINGS. Citron tribe, 32 City of Hanover, view of, 81 Comparative Anatomy, figures illustrative of, 232 Corn, Egyptian mode of reaping, winnowing, &c., 252, 253 Cressets of the Ancient Watch of London, 13 Cutler's Inn, New South Wales, 96 Dinas Island, Killarney, view under, 161 Dwarf Oak, branch of, 93 Eagles' Nest, lakes of Killarney, 57 Farnese Villa and Ruins of the Palace of the Caesars, 45 Fore Abbey, Ireland, ruins of, 145 Fountain of Innocence at Noyon, 249 Geology, diagram illustrative of, 192 Geometry, diagrams illustrative of, 248 Glow-worm's brush, 208 Glow-worm using its brush, 209 Gnat, diagrams illustrative of the changes of, 28, 29 Granaties, Egyptian, 253 Greek Church, monk and archbishop of, 8 Group of Russian Peasants, 137 Hand and Foot, bones of, 160 Handel, statue of, 89 Hauover, general view of the city of, 81 church of Neustadt, in, 85 Herald, or Peacemaker, of New Zea land, 246 Holly, 104 leaves, blossoms, and berries of, 104 Trench, Mrs., extracts from, 158, 159 232 True Liberty, what, 14 Trusler, selection from, 205 Universe, scale of the, 248 Value of heat in the economy of the universe, 179 Vanity, danger of 23 of worldly things, 103 Vegetable wonder, 152 Victoria, lines on Queen, 120 Vineyards of the Rhine, 113 Virtue, what constitutes, 111 Voyage of Life, 29 Washing Nets, on, 77 Washington Irving, extracts from, 143 159, 165 Watch and Ward, ancient, 12 Westmeath, Fore Abbey in, 145 Windermere, lake, visit to, 73 Woollen Manufacture, I., 201-II, Preparation of Long Wool, 228 Wordsworth, lines by, 16 Young, extracts from, 115, 192 Soane Museum, Belzoni sarcophagus in, 17 Southampton, view of, 1 Storm on the Alps, 241 Town of Boppart, 113 Troitza, monastery of, 25 Wells Cathedral, 225 Westminster Abbey, statue of Handel in, 89 Whale, bones of the fin of, 144 White Beech, 24 24 leaves and seed-vessel of, White Birch, 56 leaves and catkins of, 56 Wild Cucumber, seed-vessel ejecting its seed, 224 Windermere, general view of lake, 73 Wine, Egyptian figures employed in pressing, 236, 237 Wool comb, 223 Woollen Manufacture, diagrams illus trative of the, 223 |
