Tombe, on the South side of the Quire late built, & another latelier erected for Archbishop Toby Mathew, & is a stately rich monument, seated under the east window. Also Sr W" Gee's, S' W" Ingram's, Sr Hen. Bellasis, Dr Swinburne's, & the Friers Monument in brasse, who receiv'd his mortall wound at Masse. After noticing other objects of interest, the writer adds,---“ To close up & amply to satisfy our thrifty desires, Mr. Verger usher'd us into that rich and rare moddell, & round Architect Master-peece of Peeces, the most stately Chapter House; the magnificent, rich, and stately and lofty winding entrance whereof did exactly promise and curiously foretell us the worth within, which I am not able to expresse to it's worth: onely this I remember'd to commemorate. At the entrance into her, over the doore, is curiously cut & fram'd our Saviour's Picture in his Mother's armes; S' Peter & St Paul on either side. The seaven lofty, stately, rich windowes, curiously painted with the story of the Booke of Bookes; 8 high fayre-built squares, wth 46 Prebends Seats, curiously cut in freestone, every one covered, wrought & gilded above with diverse workes, & 300 knots of severall rare formes & faces, not one like another: As also that strange miraculous Roofe, fram'd by Geometrycall Art, which is most beautifull & rare to all that behold it, & is accounted one of the neatest, uniforme & most excellent small peeces in Christendome, by all Travellers fforreyne & domesticke, insomuch as one comming not long since into the kingdome, & viewing with a considerate eye the raritie & excellency of it, did soe approve, commend, & admire it, as he caused this Latin verse in golden old Saxon letters to be inserted on the wall, at the entrance thereof: Ut Rosa Flos Florum, sic est Domus iste Domorum.' "The next morning to begin our weekes travells wee thought it best to resort to the best place, the Minster, and after our morning sacrifice therein done, wee tir'd our legs with an ascent of 270 staires march, to the top of the Minster, wch we accounted no task at all, his Mate having butt lately taken the same. geather [Eden, Lune, Swale, Eure]; over wch is built a fayre long arch'd Bridge, and amongst many other brave houses & buildings in that spacious City, wee beheld as it were under us, adjoining to the Minster a second Paradice, wherein liveth a generous, free & grave old Knight of great Revenue [Sir Arthur Ingram]; we speedily descended to goe thither, & had fre passage to our owne hearts desire. "The first moyitie of an houre wee spent in his rare gardens & curious long walkes, wch were adorn'd with many kinds of Beasts to the Life, wth most lively Statues in severall shapes & formes. A pleasant, fayre Tennis Court, a delightfull large bowling-ground, newlie made, curiously contriv'd ffish-ponds; all which made up another sweet little City. A place it is so pleasant to all the Sences, as Nature and Art can make it. "The other halfe houre wee spent in his rich mansion, where we found as much contentive varietie within as before without: his store of massie plate, rich hangings, lively pictures, & statues rich 150te pearle Glasses, fayre stately 500 organ, & other rich ffurniture in every Roome Prince-like, his ffamily & attendants Court-like, his free & generous entertainm' Christmas-like. Heere we desir'd heartilie (having such free libertie as was given us) to have spent another houre, but that time would not allow it. "Ffrom thence wth all due thankes, wee march'd to ye Mannor, sometimes that famous Abbey called St Maries, now the Princes, and Lord Presidents Lodgings: There wee view'd the ancient & stately spacious demolish'd buildings, & after a set at Tennis there, & a cup of refreshment, wee were enabled to enter the great Hall, situated upō the banke of the River Ouse, where the L. President and Counsell sitts to determine all Causes & Controversies for the North parts. "The next day the Lieutenn' adventur❜d to march alone to view the ruin'd Castle, wch was built by William the Conqueror (and by it Clifford Tower), and so much thereof is yet standing as will lodge Mr. Jaylor and his Soiourners, the Prisoners: heere no suspition, no iealousie aris'd, for that his two Com "There we tooke a view of the City & Suburbs, wch are situated in a sweet & fertile soile, the mead-rades, Clerkes of the Green-cloth did not there appeare. owes, pastures, cornfields, & wolds neere 20 miles about. It hath a large, fayre wall, wth 8 gates, and many Towers and Bulwarkes that fence it in; and for the Inhabitants 28 churches to serve God in, & that famous River [the Ouse] which is navigable onely for Boats and Lighters, gliding through the City; wch takes head from the West Moores, where a messe of brave Rivers lovingly springs neere to "It's time for us to make ready to depart from this old Citty, though we would willingly have stay'd longer, to have heard a famous Scholler try'd for Blasphemy in the High Comission Court; but we had spun out our longest period of time, and so with many" Many God thanke hers," we bad our good cheap Hostesse adiew. (To be continued.) 96 THIS Chapel was erected by his Majesty's Commissioners for Building new Churches, upon a site which, with two adjoining Houses and Burial Ground, was purchased and fenced by Voluntary Contributions. The ceremonial Stone was laid by the Right Honorable Other, Earl of Plymouth, on the 29th day of September, A. D. 1820; and the Consecration, by the Right Reverend George Henry Law, D. D., Lord Bishop of Chester, took place on the 23rd day of January, A. D. 1823. Rev. Samuel Crane, B. A. Minister. --- Francis Goodwin, Architect; London. Messrs. John Waltmew, Builder; Birmingham. Wetherhead and Co., Iron-founders, Derby.---Thomas Mole, Esq'. Hon. Secretary. BATTLE OF NASEBY. THE following copies of original Letters respecting the battle of Naseby are derived from the Harleian collection of manuscripts in the British Museum. For the Honble. Will". Lenthall, Speaker of Commons Theise. S'. beinge comanded by you to this service, I thinke Your most humble servant, Dhier Cromart June 14th 1645. the House of Commons. Honourable Sr. Haste. We give them in the original orthography, which For the Honourable Wm. Lenthall, Esq. Speaker to Rushworth has not preserved; and attach to the first a fac simile of Cromwell's signature. It is a remarkable fact, that General Fairfax, six days only before the battle, despatched a letter to the House of Commons, requesting that Cromwell's attendance there might be dispensed with for a time, in order that he might " command their horse, an engagement being likely to happen very speedily." THIS morning by day breake wee marcht out of Guilsburro after the Enemy. After an hour's march we discovered their horse drawn up at Sybbertoft three * "Royal Letters, Warrants," &c. 1620, 1724. Mus. Brit. Bibl. Harl. 7502, Plut. Art. 5. miles this side Harborrough: an houre after their foot appear'd. This was about 8 in the morning: by 10 we were dispos'd into a battalia on both sides. Both sides, with mighty shoutes exprest a harty desire of fighting. Having for our parts recommended our cause to God's protection, & recd. the word wch. was "God our Strength." Their's "Queen Mary" | our forlorne hopes began the play whiles both sides labour'd for the hill & wynd, wch. in conclusion was as it were equally divided. Our forlorne hope gave back & their right wing of horse fell upon our left wth, such gallantry that ours were immediatly routed. above 1000 ran along with them, but such was the courage & diligence of the right wing backt wth, the foot, that they not only beat back the Enemy from the Traine, but fell in wth. their foot, & after 2 houres dispute won all their feild peces (of wh. some are cañon) most of their baggage, mortar peeces, WALTHAM HOLY CROSS, ESSEX. boates, 3000 armes; much powder, match, &c., & nigh 4000 prisners. Their nomber was about 12000, some 600 slayne, many Comanders of note, of ours not above 200, our horse are still in pursuit, & have taken many of theirs. Their standard is ours, the King's waggon, and many Ladyes. God Almighty give us thankfull hearts for this great victory, the most absolute as yet obtayned. The Gen. Leift. Gen. Cromwell, and Major Gen. Skippon (who is shott in the side, but not dangerous) did beyond expression gallantly. So did all our other Commanders and soldiers. We have lost but 2 Capt. Tho this come late, be pleased to accept it from your honors most humble servants, HAR. LEIGHTON. THO. HERBERT. Naseby wher the fight was This Satterday 14 Junij 1645. Capt. Potter is dangerously wounded, but hopes of his recovery. So is Capt. Cook.† (SOUTH EAST VIEW OF WALTHAM ABBEY CHURCH.) WALTHAM HOLY CROSS is a large irregular town, and nourishing qualities of the grass. The Convent situated near the river Lea (which is here separated into divers streams), and skirted by low meadows, which have been long celebrated for the succulent VOL. I. + Id. Cod. Art. 9. In Rushworth's "Historical Collections," vol. vi., Leighton and Herbert are styled "the Committee residing with the army." H of Waltham appears to have been originally founded by Tovi, Stallere or Standard-bearer to Canute the Dane, King of England. This officer built a hunting seat on the forest, near which he formed a village, placing in it "threescore and six dwellers," and it was probably after he had completed this settlement that he founded the church. The place was called WALTHAM from the Saxon WEALD-HAM, a dwelling on the forest or wild; and from a Cross, with a figure of our Saviour upon it, said to have been found at Montacute, and brought hither, was derived the adjunct name of HOLY CROSS. In the hands of the priests of Waltham, this crucifix manifested miraculous powers; and among the wonders told, one is, that Harold, the son of Earl Godwin, in consequence of a visit to it was cured of the palsy, whereupon he rebuilt the church, increased the number of canons to twelve, settled on them ample estates, and provided for the establishment of a school of learning at Waltham.* Farmer, in his "History of Waltham," gives an account of the foundation of this convent somewhat different from the preceding. "Tovi, the original founder of Waltham Abbey, had a son named Athelstan, who proved a prodigal, and quickly spent all the goods and great estates which his father had got together; so that by some transaction this place returned to the crown."-" Edward the Confessor then bestowed Waltham, with the lands thereabouts, on Harold, his brother-in-law, who was then only an Earl, and son to Earl Godwin, who immediately built and endowed there a monastery." It is further stated, by this author, that each of the canons had one manor appropriated for his support, and that the Dean had six; making in all seventeen. From the charter of confirmation granted by Edward the Confessor, it appears, that Harold endowed his new foundation with the manors of Passefeld, Welda or Walde, Upminster, Wahlfara, or Wallifare, Tippedene, Alwartune, Wudeforde, Lambehyth, Nasingam, Brikendune, Melnho, Alrichsey, Wormelei, Nethleswelle or Neteswell, Hicche, Lukintone, and Westwaltham. "All these manors the king granted them with sac, soc, tol, and team, &c., free from all gelds and payments, in the most full and ample manner, as appears by the charter among the records of the tower."+ Harold is commonly stated by historians to have been killed at the battle of Hastings, and interred in Waltham Abbey, where, during a long period, a * Dugdale's "Monasticon." New Edit. vol. vi. P. i. P. 56. Farmer, p. 13. See also Dugdale, u. a. p. 61, 62. tomb was shown as the sepulchral monument of the last of our Saxon kings. Gyraldus Cambrensis, indeed, and some other writers relate a tradition importing that Harold escaped alive from the conflict at Hastings, and lived long afterwards in religious seclusion at Chester; and this report has been repeated with some shew of approbation, by Mr. Palgrave, in his recently-published History of England. He seems to have considered the tomb at Waltham, (which he says had on it an effigy, with the inscription---' Hic jacet Harold Infelix,'-as merely a cenotaph; but Fuller, in his "Church History," gives a circumstantial account of the opening of this monument, towards the end of Elizabeth's reign, and the discovery, within it, of the skeleton of a man. Farmer's History contains a copper-plate engraving of a mask sculptured in grey marble, which he says had been one of the ornaments of the tomb, and was then in his own possession. From a treatise among the Harleian MSS. intituled "Vita et Miracula Haroldi quondam Regis Angliæ," we learn that William the Norman, as might have been expected, shewed no favour to the religious foundation of his vanquished rival. He forcibly took away from the Church of Holy Cross a quantity of valuable plate, gems, and rich vestments; but fortunately for the canons he seems to have left them in possèssion of all their estates and revenues. It appears, indeed, from the Domesday Book, that the canons of Waltham did not, when that record was compiled, hold all the lands given to them by Harold; for Melnho, or Melehou, and Alrichsey, in Biggleswade Hundred, Bedfordshire, then belonging to the Bishop of Durham, are mentioned as having been the property of the canons of Waltham, in the reign of Edward the Confessor. They might, however, have sold those lands or exchanged them for others. The ScotoSaxon Princess Matilda, the first wife of Henry I., gave to the clerks of Waltham the Mill at that place, then a valuable benefaction ;"and Adelais, or Adeliza of Lorraine, the second wife of that king, bestowed on them all the tithes of Waltham, as well those of her demesne lands as those of her tenants. Henry II. utterly dissolved the foundation of dean and eleven canons at Waltham, (as is stated in his charter), on account of the lewdness and debauchery of their lives. "Cum in ea Canonici, Clerique minus religiosè et æqualiter vixissent, ita quòd infamia conversationis illorum multos scandalizásset, visum infamiæ fuit-opus esse pietatis, illis amotis, quos nota maculaverat, viros sanctæ conversationis substituere, et opinione laudabiles; ut sic uno eodemque facto regiæ celsitudinis propositum sanctum sortiretur | various valuable grants from other benefactors in the effectum, et à loco celeberrimo turpitudinis removare- same reign. Henry III. frequently took up his tur exemplum.* Guido, or Wido Rufus, who was the last dean of Waltham, having previously been suspended from his office, in a late visitation, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, resigned his deanery, in 1177, to the King's commissioners. This preliminary proceeding having taken place, the King visited Waltham on the eve of Pentecost, when Walter, Bishop of Rochester, on the part of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Gilbert Bishop of London, John Bishop of Norwich, and Hugh Bishop of Durham, assembling by precept from the King and mandate of the Pope, [Alexander III.] the said Archbishop consenting, sixteen regular canons of the Order of St. Augustine, namely, six of Cirencester, six of Oseney, and four of Chich, were inducted into the church, and Walter de Gaunt, a canon of Oseney, was constituted the first abbot of the new foundation. The church was at the same time declared exempt from episcopal jurisdiction; and Pope Lucius III. subsequently by his bull confirmed to this monastery the exemption from all episcopal jurisdiction.+ The church thus settled was dedicated first to the Holy Cross, and afterwards to St. Lawrence. residence at Waltham Abbey, and in requital of the hospitality of his entertainers, he granted them the right to hold a fair annually for seven days. At a subsequent period two fairs were kept here, each continuing one day, the first on the third of May, O. S. the Invention of the Cross; and the other on the fourteenth of September, O. S. the Exaltation of the Cross. Henry III. not only greatly augmented the privileges of Waltham Church, but also bestowed on it many rich gifts; and from his time it became so distinguished by royal and noble benefactors, as to rank with the most opulent establishments in the kingdom. It was to avoid the expenses of a court, that this monarch so frequently made the abbey his place of residence. Matthew Paris informs us that, in 1242, the church of Waltham was again solemnly dedicated, the king and many nobles being present; but on what occasion, or from what circumstances this took place, we are not informed. Most probably it was in consequence of some additional buildings being then annexed to the original fabric; of which Our Lady's Chapel, on the south side, now fitted up as a school room, may have formed a part. When Simon de Seham was abbot, in the 30th Henry III. (1245) a dispute arose between the abbot and the townsmen of Waltham about the common land. "The men of Waltham," says Farmer, came into the marsh, which the abbot and his convent formerly enjoyed as several to themselves, and killed four mares, worth forty shillings sterling at least, and drove away all the rest: the abbot was politicly pleased for the present not to take notice thereof. The next Henry II. by his charter, not only confirmed to the newly-established Augustinian canons their right to the lands given by Harold and others, but he also added to their possessions the manors of Siwardston and Epping; using the, remarkable expression, that it was fit that "Christ, his spouse, should have a new dowry." Richard I. gave a new charter, confirming former grants; and another charter, bestowing on the canons his whole manor of Waltham, with the great wood and park called Harold's Park, three hun-year the same men of Waltham went to the abbot the dred acres of assart land, the market of Waltham, the village of Nasing, a member of Waltham, and one hundred and sixty acres of assart land there,---they paying yearly to his exchequer £60, in lieu of all services. He made further additions to their property by subsequent charters; and they obtained On this passage Farmer remarks, "Whether these canons were really or only reputedly vicious, God knows; seeing all those must be guilty whom authority and power is pleased to pronounce so.' At the same time, anno 1191, the use of the pontificals, namely, the mitre, crosier, ring, &c. were granted to the abbot. Henry the Second's Charter thus defines the ancient liberties of Waltham Church: "Semper fuit regalis capella ex primitiva sui fundatione nulli Archiepiscopo vel Episcopo, sed tantùm ecclesiæ Romanæ et Regiæ dispositioni subjecta."---Waltham is still exempt from the archdeacon's visitation. Tuesday before Easter, in the name of the whole village, and demanded of him to remove his mares and colts out of the marsh. This the abbot refused to do, adding, that if his bailiffs had placed his cattle otherwise than they ought, they might do well to have it amended, and yet so as to defer the matter till the Tuesday after Easter. On that Tuesday, Richard, brother to the king, Duke of Cornwall, came to Waltham, at which time both the men and the women of the town repaired to the gate of the abbey to receive the abbot's final answer." He put them off with the information, that he was * By one of his charters, the king granted to the canons the valuable manor of Copped Hall, but he appointed that this should be held in fee, and hereditarily of the church of Waltham Sancta Crucis, by Robert Fitz-Aucher, |