has crushed the only element-the Magyar-that could, with any possibility of success, oppose a barrier to the Slavon-Elyrian panslavism of these countries; and we may be assured that its energetic propagandists will never cease their efforts till they have effected a complete union of all its members. The Ban Jellachich, or any other Austrian Slavonian General, may, or may not, prove faithful to the colours of his imperial master; but we may rest assured that the entire Slavonian people, of whatever nationality or religious persuasion, equally detest, and are equally impatient of, the rule of the Austrian or the Turk.

The Servian is also prudent in a high degree, and persevering in any enterprize he may undertake, and though fierce in war, he is mild and conciliating in social life. His language, of all the Slavon idioms, is the richest, the most lofty and expressive While attending the parliamentary debates of the Scoupchtina, I was much struck with the self-possessed, dignified air of the almost unlettered orators, who were earnest without violence, impassioned without intemperance, depending rather on the force of their arguments than the strength of their lungs and theatrical gesticulations to win the attention of their auditors. When I turned from one to the other of the honest, manly countenances of the speakers, I fancied they might have pictured an assembly of Britons, in the infant ages of our commonwealth. In fact, they resemble us in more than one particular; they have the same dogged resolution, the same love of fair play, the same detestation of the use

of the knife, together with no inconsiderable portion of that mixture of the aristocratic and democratic in their character, which so especially distinguishes the AngloSaxon race.*

* Since writing the above, in 1847, on my return to these provinces of Turkey and Austria, in 1850, I was made aware, by the conversation of several learned Servian professors at Belgrade and Agram, that they attribute to the English nation a Servian origin, and reproach us not a little for our indifference to the welfare of our brethren in the East. In support of this theory, they refer to the history and tradition of their own race, who, it appears, were settled on the shores of the Baltic and the German Ocean long before the inroad of the Saxons, and having subsequently merged their name in that of their conqueror, formed the great majority of the tribes who, under Saxon chiefs, invaded and settled in Britain. This fact, they say, is further confirmed by the striking affinity between the Servian language and the Old Saxon Platt Deutch, and consequently the number of Servian words in the English language. They farther maintain, that our system of self-government, and indomitable love of liberty, are all derived from our Servian ancestors, and that we have only to study the customs and manners of their race-their endeavours to establish a system of self-government wherever they have not been brutalized by the tyrannical rule of the Turk, and the bureaucracy of the German-to be assured of the fact. What will Russia and its Panslavism say to this? or our learned AngloSaxon friends in England!

We have merely mentioned the subject for the investigation of some future traveller more learned than ourselves, who will find, should he feel disposed to extend his excursions as far as Agram, a most intelligent companion in Professor Vekoslav Babukie, to assist him in his researches.

CHAPTER VI.

Warlike tendencies of the Servian nationality-Contrast between them and the Greeks--Sketches illustrative of their character -Abilities as legislators-Military system in Servia-State of education-Finances-Taxes, how levied-Prosperous state of the Principality-Reflections and general observations.

INSURRECTIONS, however much they may have been provoked by oppression and tyranny, and however successful they may have been in their result, inevitably entail discontent and misery on at least one generation, and retard, for a lengthened period, the prosperity even of a well ordered community. Let a people, possessing every public virtue, prudence, disinterestedness, honesty, once arrogate to themselves supreme authority, and become accustomed to wield the destinies of their country, and their nature is changed. Each man then considers himself a hero, and a return to the toil and labour of former days is a degradation, which his now elevated ideas will not allow him to submit to.

When the excitement of his glorious exploits is

over, and he sees starvation before him, unless he condescends to occupy himself with what he deems ignoble employment; he regrets he did not, while he had the sovereign power in his own hands, secure to himself some portion of those loaves and fishes, which he now sees in the hands of a less deserving patriot than himself.

With these enlarged ideas, he becomes irritable and unhappy, discusses politics, and plots another revolution, determining the next time not to allow honesty to be a stumbling-block to the acquisition of wealth.

Although we do not pretend to say that these observations are applicable in all their severity to our good Servian, it must be confessed his country is not without its plague spots, the effect of a long and victorious insurrectionary contest; for here, as in more civilized countries, the man who has been accustomed to enrich himself with predatory warfare, rarely becomes an industrious member of society.

Years have passed over since the Servian gained his independence, still we see one of the most fertile countries in the world, where land may be purchased by the emigrant at the lowest possible rate, without a population to call into activity its varied sources of wealth. The cause is sufficiently apparent to the traveller, Servia must lay aside her warlike garb, and her children exchange the sword for the plough, before she will attract the capitalist to establish manufactories, and the skilful agriculturist to cultivate her soil. These are the men who never embark in any enterprize, unless they are certain of being protected by a powerful executive,

and that the general tendency of the people is towards peace, in their foreign relations, and order in their domestic administration.

The inhabitants of this principality, as well as those of Modern Greece, are discontented at the contracted space of the territory they now occupy. Whether you commune with a swineherd, or Kapitan of a nahia (circle), with a meek priest, or with an Ispravnik, the proud warrior-governor, whose rule ranges over a district as large as a petty kingdom in Germany, all will you Servia cannot rest as she is, her frontier must be extended, till it embraces the territory, once subject to her great Kral, Stephan Douschan, till the SlavonServian, his brother, has burst the bonds that hold him in subjection to an infidel Osmanli, and a heretic Latin Schwab, as they term the Austrian.

tell

To this cause we may attribute the circumstance of the inhabitants of Modern Greece and Servia having not yet become, either in feelings or habits, peaceful, industrious citizens. The Greek sees in futurity a splendid vision-the enormous booty-the boundless wealth to be obtained in the sacking of Constantinople. The Servian, true to his warlike propensities, pictures Milosh to his hopes, who from a swincherd became a sovereign. "What," he asks himself, "should prevent me from attaining the same elevated position in the next insurrection ?"

In consequence of similar ambitious dreams, these two fine countries, the one situated on the navigable Danube, fertile to exuberance,-the other, bathed on all sides by the sea, abounding in beautiful valleys and