might be given who are distinguishing themselves in all the various branches of the medical profession in Canada and in other Countries.

It is not surprising, therefore, that with hardly an exception the graduates are as loyal to the memory of their College, and that her name is, and always will be, as dear to them as it is to me. Great and long continued as my work in connection with the College was, the general success of her graduates has always been to me an inspiration and a joy.

In this connection I have only one regret and one wish-the regret is, at my not having done more than I did for my College and for her students. The wish is, that, what I did do, had been. done very much better.

A College like ours was worth the labor of many a life, as her teaching was a blessing to the men she taught a credit to our City and Country and a boon to the public who require and deserve to have the very best and most practically taught medical men we can produce sent out to practise their profession-men who are capable of successfully coping with the frequent and great responsibilities so often met with at the bed side.

While to-night my remarks have necessarily referred to my own College and her graduates only, it goes without saying, that I entertain no feelings other than those of kindness and sympathy, towards all well conducted medical Colleges which now exist, or which may hereafter be established amongst us, and nothing pleases me better than to hear of their full success.

Gentleman, I again thank you for the Portrait and have pleasure in presenting it to the Toronto Academy of Medicine. WALTER B. GEIKIE.

Toronto, April 7th, 1908.

ANNUAL CONVENTION OF CANADIAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION.

The value of fumigation as a means of preventing the spread of disease was somewhat discredited by a paper read by Dr. A. D. MacIntyre, Superintendent of the Kingston General Hospital, at the annual convention of the Canadian Hospital Association, which was held at the Parliament buildings April 20 and 21st. Dr. MacIntyre quoted a number of experiments which had been made at the Kingston Hospital, and, in conclusion, said that he believed more in God's sun and fresh air than anything else. In this remark he

was supported by Miss L. C. Brent, Superintendent of the Toronto Hospital for Sick Children, and President of the Association, who, however, coupled soap and water with sun and fresh air.

Miss L. C. Brent in her Presidential address advocated that the membership of the Association should be extended so as to include trustees of hospitals and other laymen interested in hospital work.

Among those present were:-Dr. W. B. Kendall, Gravenhurst; M. A. Jackson, Chatham; Miss Jessie Duncan, Owen Sound; J. K. M. Gordon, Gravenhurst; Dr. W. J. Dobbie, Weston; Miss E. MacPherson Dickson, Weston; Miss M. G. V. McKnight, Walkerton; Miss N. McLene, Barrie; Miss A. J. Robinson, Galt; M. J. E. Morton, Collingwood; Catherine Lawrence, Sarnia; W. F. Backach, Detroit; Dr. T. Sutton, Detroit; Lila J. MacAdam, Renfrew; Hannah Collingsworth, St. Catharines; H. M. Hurd, Superintendent Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore; H. D. McIntyre, Kingston; Francis Sharpe, Woodstock; Dr. Brown, Superintendent Toronto General Hospital; Dr. Bruce.

Dr. W. J. Dobbie, Superintendent of Toronto Free Hospital and King Edward Sanitarium, Weston, read an interesting paper on tuberculosis as a social problem. As have many other medical men who have dealt with this subject, he pointed out that from 1896 consumption was accountable for 11 per cent. of the deaths. in Ontario. The cash loss to the Dominion by the cutting short of the wage-earning ability of victims of the disease, coupled with the cost of treatment, he estimated at $24,000,000 annually. He urged the importance of the adoption of educational methods to stir up public opinion and suggested that centres of activity should. be established in every town and county, and committees appointed to inquire into every branch of the work of establishing and maintaining hospitals. Compulsory notification of cases was also advocated by Dr. Dobbie, and registration after notification.

Dr. Gordon urged also the importance of educating the public in this matter, commencing with the children in the public schools. At present in many gymnasiums, he said, they found overtrained consumptives. Similar views were also expressed by Dr. Kendall. "Unfortunately," he said, "we do not know much about the really poor classes, but we should be careful to prevent the arrival of tubercular immigrants."

Dr. Bruce Smith did not consider that general hospitals were doing all they could in this matter, and he suggested that in connection with them, especially in rural districts, a separate building should be erected for the treatment of tubercular cases. He mentioned also that in future any immigrant showing signs of tuber

culosis would not be allowed to land. He believed that the Provincial Government would be willing to aid in the carrying out of the suggestion he had made.

Mr. J. Ross Robertson pointed out that the financial position of general hospitals prevented them doing more in the direction indicated by Dr. Bruce Smith. Personally he had to work overtime to get funds for the Hospital for Sick Children. Still if the Government would provide the funds he had no doubt the hospital authorities would be willing to undertake the work. "At present,' he said, "sanitariums have empty beds, but no money for maintenance." Too much was being left to private philanthropy, and he thought the Government should grant at least $100,000 more annually in aid of hospitals.

Dr. Helen MacMurchy read a very practical paper on "The Milk Supply." At the outset she pointed out that Toronto's milk supply was now drawn from many farms far distant from the city. Still the people stuck to the old idea that milk should be delivered early in the morning, acting under the impression that they were getting it thereby direct from the cow with the smallest possible delay. It was impossible to milk cows at 4 o'clock in the morning on farms fifty or a hundred miles away and have it delivered in Toronto in time for an 8 o'clock breakfast. Consequently the milk brought by the early delivery was more or less old, and had been exposed to infection and contamination. Three samples of milk taken at Toronto hospitals at 7 o'clock in the morning showed respectively five million bacteria to the cubic centimetre, eight million and three hundred and eighty-four thousand. Other samples taken at noon showed 14,000 bacteria to the cubic centimetre, six millions, 1,250,000, and three millions. Uncleanliness was, said Dr. MacMurchy, the greatest evil which had to be contended with. In the course of her address, Dr. MacMurchy said that she had no doubt Toronto's milk was adulterated. She herself had seen on the platform of a railway station not a hundred miles away a pile of cases bearing the inscription "coloring matter for dairy purposes.

In the evening the delegates attended a reception held by the President at the Sick Children's Hospital. The Association will meet again, when papers will be read on "Contagious diseases in relation to hospital management," by Dr. Sheard; "Some observations in European psychiatric hospitals," by Dr. C. K. Clarke; "The hospital and the public," by Mr. D. T. Sutton; "A new typhoid hopper," by Dr. H. E. Webster; "The nursing of incurable patients," by Miss M. M. Grey, Superintendent of the Hospital for

Incurables," and "The proper length of study for nurses," by Dr. H. M. Hurd, Superintendent of Johns Hopkins Hospital, Balti

more.

"It is absolutely unavoidable that patients in hospitals should at times contract contagious diseases when in hospitals," said Dr. Charles Sheard, addressing the Canadian Hospital Association at the Parliament buildings yesterday morning. Sometimes by mistaken diagnosis contagious cases were sent to the ordinary wards when they should have been isolated, and vice versa, and frequently patients suffering from a non-contagious disease were hurried to an hospital by a doctor who forgot that they came from an infected house, and were mediums for carrying the disease.

"No Visitors Allowed," was another text taken up by Dr. Sheard. They were, he said, a nuisance, bringing infection into the hospital. A mother might have one child in the hospital and another sick with measles at home. When that mother visited the hospital she was taking tremendous chances of spreading infection. Miss L. C. Brent, Superintendent of the Children's Hospital, echoed the remarks of Dr. Sheard with regard to visitors, and Mr. J. Ross Robertson said that it had cost the Hospital for Sick Children $15,000 to deal with infection brought in by visitors.

The nursing methods of America, and I use the term in its broad sense, are in advance of those of Germany," said Dr. C. R. Clarke, Superintendent of the Toronto Hospital for Insane, in the course of his paper on "European Psychiatric Hospitals." He urged that there should be a closer relation between psychiatric and general hospitals. The training to be gained in a psychiatric clinic would be of great value to the general nurse, while at the same time the psychiatric nurse could not rise to the highest point of her profession without training in medical and surgical nursing. Therefore, when the new Provincial psychiatric clinic was established he urged that there should be the greatest reciprocity between that institution and the general hospitals in regard to affording opportunities to nurses to obtain training.

Dr. H. M. Hurd, Superintendent of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, regretted that general practitioners did not take a greater interest in mental diseases. He congratulated Ontario upon the proposal to establish the new clinic, which would awaken a new interest in this important subject among both nurses and medical

men.

Dr. D. C. Meyers thought that few yet realized what a boon to society the establishment of the new clinic would be. He thought,

however, that' it would be a mistake to send to that institution all acute nervous cases. He thought that in many cases it would be absolutely wrong to send nervous cases of a certain kind to a hospital for the insane.

Closer relation between the institutions for the insane and the general hospitals was also urged by Dr. Bruce Smith, Provincial Inspector of Prisons. The abandonment of the practice of sending insane persons to prison pending their transfer to hospitals for the insane was, he considered, a distinct advance.

Dr. W. C. Herriman, Mimico, thought it was impossible to draw a hard and fast line. In every nervous clinic cases of insanity would be found.

At the afternoon session exceedingly practical papers were read by Miss M. M. Gray, Superintendent of the Hospital for Incurables, on the nursing of incurables, and Dr. H. M. Hurd, Superintendent of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, on the proper length of the period of study for nurses.

The followinig officers were elected:-President, Dr. W. J. Dobbie, Weston; First Vice-President, Dr. A. D. MacIntyre, Kingston; Second Vice-President, H. E. Webster, Montreal; Third VicePresident, Miss I. C. Brent, Toronto; Fourth Vice-President, W. W. Kenny, Halifax; Fifth Vice-President, L. L. Cosgrove, Winnipeg; Secretary, Dr. J. N. E. Brown, Toronto; Treasurer, Miss Patton, Toronto.

EX-HOUSE SURGEONS GENERAL HOSPITAL FOREGATHER.

The third annual dinner of the ex-House Surgeons' Association of the Toronto General Hospital was held at the King Edward Hotel, Toronto, recently. Dr. Alexander Taylor, Vice-President, occupied the chair in the absence of Dr. W. P. Caven, who was unable to be present. Forty guests from the city and province were in attendance. One of the prominent speakers was Dr. T. B. Futcher, Associate Professor of Medicine in Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, who is a member of the organization, and was a house surgeon at the "General" in 1893.

In his address Dr. Futcher referred to the "gold-headed cane. carried by eminent doctors of the 17th and 18th centuries as a mark of distinction, and he reviewed the lives of notable members of the medical profession from that day to this, tracing thereby the progress of medical science. Dr. O'Reilly, former Superintendent at the General Hospital, and Mr. P. C. Larkin, Vice-Chairman of