time seven parts of the first and four of the second. It is indispensable that in the beginning tests should be made, as for instance one part of Pinacyanol and three parts Pinaverdol. If the green predominates, use more Pinacyanol and if red, increase the amount of Pinaverdol. The balance between the green and orange is obtained when to a part of the bath a portion of Pinachrome solution, 1-1,000 is added. An aqueous solution is not suitable, as the plates do not keep well and are covered with numerous spots. The best bath is one diluted with alcohol of 30°. This has no injurious effect on the varnish of the plates. The bath is made slightly alkaline through the addition of I c.c. (20 minims) of ammonium hydroxide 22° per litre (33 ozs.). The sensitizing solution has the following composition: English.

Metric.

660 c.c. 330 c.c.

20 min. Ammonium hydroxide 22° I C.C. 23 oz. Coloring matter sol. 1-1,000 20 c.c.

The above solution, in filled bottles, will keep for a long time in a darkroom. Every time the solution is used over again there should be added 0.5 c.c. (10 minims) of color solution, 0.5 c.c. (10 minims) ammoniacal distilled water I-100, and several c.c. (1⁄2 to I dram) of alcohol of 30° the whole to measure 100 C.C. (33 ozs.). After using, the solution should be filtered through a tuft of cotton. Slight variations in the above amounts are without influence on the results. Cleanliness and freedom from dust are most important. The dusted plates are placed for exactly five minutes in the solution, the temperature of which must not exceed 20° C. (68° F.) as above this the film easily frills. The superfluous moisture should be well removed, as otherwise violet spots result. Neutral, fibre-free blotting paper is best adapted for the preliminary drying. The final drying requires no special precaution except that it must be done in absolute darkness. Plates prepared according to the above method possess an extended color sensitiveness ranging from 5.350,

Two glass plates are covered with the above solution. For every four square c.m. I c.m. (2-5 inch) use I C.C. (20 minims) of the solution. The two plates are fastened together, face to face. The addition of ammonium hydroxide and glycerine is not absolutely necessary. I have been using the additionally sensitized almost exclusively for the past three years. the results show an exact color reproduction and the plates are very uniform in their sensitiveness. The plates are eight times more sensitive and permit of an exposure in good light at F. 5.0 of 1-50 second and when cloudy 1-10 second. These exposures are sufficiently short for moving objects.

Bulletin de la Société Francaise de Photographie, No. 8. -Photographische Mitteilungen, No. 19,

Those receiving petitions are to circulate them and secure the signatures of as many local photographers as possible and then present them to the city council for action.

ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF PHOTOGRAPHY,
EFFINGHAM, ILL.

Mr. Harry M. Fell and his all-star company of experts, comprising the Eastman School of Photography, of national fame, held their third annual session in Engraving Hall on the 15th, 16th, and 17th, and every minute of their valuable instruction was appreciated by a large and attentive audience of students.

We were pleased to welcome back to the college the past month. Mr. C. A. Frederiksen, of 1908, Miss Alma Anderson, of 1908, and Mr. K. Ise, who have returned for post-graduate and review work.

Among the enrollments for last month were two more foreign countries, Mr. Encho Mandeff, of Bulgaria, and Mr. H. J. Hamada, of Japan.

About fifty of the students took advantage of an excursion on the 20th ult. and spent the day in St. Louis seeing the dryplate factories, large studios, engraving plants and other sights of interest to students. They also enjoyed the rare experience of being in a mild wreck on the Pennsylvania railroad on the homeward trip.

The College Camera Club enlivened itself with a contest and oyster supper on the 3rd, and the honors in the portrait contest were awarded to Mr. Kern, Miss Huebner, and Mr. Hartwell, in the order named.

SOFT PRINTS FROM HARD NEGATIVES.

The monthly circular for October contains the report of an important meeting of the Adelaide Camera Club (Australia), at which Mr. John Sterry, F.R.P.S., gave full details of his process for producing soft contrast prints from hard contrast negatives. The process is as follows: Take I ounce of potassium bichromate and add water to make a total of 10 ounces. To this add I drachm of liquid ammonia (.880). This constitutes our "stock solution," and will keep indefinitely. For bromide papers we take from 50 to 100 minims of "stock" and add 10 ounces of water. For gaslight papers we take 10 to 50 minims of "stock" and add 10 ounces of water. We now ascertain by a small trial piece of bromide (or gaslight paper, as the case may be), the minimum exposure that will penetrate the densest parts of the negative which on full development will bring out detail in the highest lights of the picture, entirely ignoring any overprinting of other parts. This is the exposure required, and is then given to the full sheet. It is now immersed in the bichromate bath as above described, where it remains for three minutes, during which time the dish should be rocked and the paper turned once or twice so as to get rid of any clinging air bells. The print is now bathed in clean water for half a minute and the ordinary developer applied. Development now requires somewhat longer time than usual. An acid fixing bath is advised as a precaution against stains. If stains show after thorough washing they may be discharged by immersion in a saturated solution of alum and again washing. It is not advisablethough possible-to use the same lot of

developer for two prints, because it becomes contaminated by a trace of bichromate in its first use, and this may upset one's calculations. It will be noticed that we have a fairly wide range, e.g., 50 to 100 minims, of stock for bromide, and a still wider range, i.e., 10 to 50 minims, for gaslight papers. But in practice this presents no difficulty, as one very soon learns how to make up one's bichromate bath to suit the negative. In actual practice-leaving out extreme cases-it will be found that for bromide paper one drachm of stock and for gaslight paper half a drachm of stock per 10 ounces of bath will form very good and generally useful standards for working this process. The usual failures with this process are due either to insufficient printing exposure or not allowing plenty of time for full development.

INTENSIFICATION.

I have recently been making a number of experiments in connection with the subject of intensification of both negatives and lantern slides by means of silver, writes the Rev. F. C. Lambert; and, therefore, may be permitted to refer to a method set forth in ample detail in the current October issue of Photographic Scraps. Briefly, the method is as follows: (A) Dissolve 100 grains of silver nitrate in 2 ounces of water; (B) dissolve 50 grains ammonia sulphocyanide in 2 ounces of water; mix A and B, shake them well together, allow the white curdy precipitate to settle, pour off the supernatant, nearly clear liquid, add more water, stir up the mixture, again let the precipitate settle down, again pour off the watery part, repeat the washing once more, and then transfer to a 10 ounce bot

tle (C), and fill up to 10 ounces with distilled or boiled water. Next take 1 drachm of Certinal and add 9 drachms of water, making a total of 14 ounce (D). Dissolve 1⁄2 ounce hypo crystals in 4 ounces of water, and add water to make a total of 5 ounces (E).

THE PROCESS.

If no

To intensify a quarter-plate. Shake up the bottle C and contents, and at once pour out 1⁄2 ounce of the milky mixture, add little by little just enough E to dissolve the white precipitate. This will take about 2 drachms of E. Finally add 30 minims of D, and apply the mixture to the plate. Intensification takes place very slowly at first, but it is a case of slow and sure. visible change has taken place in, say, four minutes, one may add another 10 minims of D. Excess of Certinal is to be avoided, or the silver will be precipitated on the dish instead of on the image in the gelatine film. For this reason the dish should be thoroughly cleaned by rinsing it out with strong hydrochloric or nitric acid, followed by plenty of water, and a good scrub with a bit of loofah. The stock solutions C, D, and E keep practically indefinitely. In favor of this method it may be urged that we are adding silver to silver, which is obviously preferable to adding mercury to silver, and also that we can stop the process at any desired stage of the proceedings. The negative dries somewhat stronger than it appears when wet.

* * *

COPYING PEN AND INK DRAWINGS.

Photographers are often faced with the problem of photographing writing or drawings in ink when the ink has discolored or faded. The current issue of Knowledge (October) contains an ex

on

haustive article by C. Ainsworth Mitchell, wherein is given a valuable table showing the color change effects of hydrochloric and oxalic acids, stannous chloride, nascent hydrogen, bromine, titanous chloride, and potassium ferrocyanide on half a dozen well-known brands of ink. From time to turn time vastly important issues whether the whole of a certain document has been written with one and the same ink, and also whether it is an old and genuine or recent and spurious production. It is highly probable that the photographic plate which has already aided in deciding such questions will become of still greater value when used in conjunction with suitable reagents so as to accentuate such color changes as may be detected photographically.

PHOTO SCULPTURE.

A paper on "Photo Sculpture," by Señor Carlo Baese, was read before the Royal Photographic Society, and an attractive collection of bas reliefs in metal, etc., made by his process was shown. Essentially, the process consists in illuminating the sitter by means of two mirrors placed to the right and left of the camera. An optical lantern placed near the sitter throws light upon the two mirrors, which reflect it on the sitter in such a way that the parts of the object nearest the lens receive more light than those parts further away. This negative thus records relief plus local color effect. A second negative is taken. From one negative is made a positive, and this is put into contact with the other negative. From this is made a swelled gelatine relief by the aid of bichromate and exposure to light. From this a cast is taken which yields the photo sculpture.

"Little Pilgrimages among Bavarian Inns," and "Castles and Keeps of Scotland," by Frank Roy Fraprie. Boston, L. C. Page & Company.

We are very proud of our colleague, Mr. Frank Roy Fraprie, editor of "American Photography," for being able to write and illustrate two such beautiful books as are the titles of this review.

Mr. Fraprie lived in Bavaria and knows his Munich as well as he does his Boston. The illustrations, which are all from original photographs, are, therefore, not the pictures of the summer tourist, but of the inhabitant who loves his subject.

"The Castles and Keeps of Scotland," includes a description of many fortresses, towers, and other houses of strength, built

by the Princes and Barons of old time, of the highlands, inlands, and islands of the ancient Kingdom of Scotland. Like the other book, it is illustrated by excellent reproductions from original photographs, and is, moreover, beautifully printed on tinted paper, and appropriately and handsomely bound. The price of "Little Pilgrimages among Bavarian Inns," is two dollars and fifty cents ($2.50); and “Castles and Keeps of Scotland," is three dollars ($3.00). Both books may be obtained from our publishers, and will be sent postpaid, by mail, on receipt of price, and we make no reservation in most heartily recommending both books to our readers.

"PHOTOGRAPHING IN OLD ENGLAND." His photographs are very fine, perhaps the finest that have ever been made in these regions. The book would be a delightful gift for anyone who has memories of days in Old England, or hopes for days to be spent there.-Chicago Continent.

The main interest of the book lies in the pictures, which are as good as photographs can be. Owners of cameras will find profit in studying them. Mr. Adams has a number of sensible suggestions to make, which amateurs will do well to heed.

-Providence Journal.

The distinguished photographer, traveler and author, while making no pretense for his pictures or text; yet, in all his reproductions and narratives, has given to us a book of genuine delight. We simply are unable to describe the beauty of the pictures, and can only say that in fingering this exquisite volume we have great joy. -Alabama Baptist.