Dec. 1901.]

Opinion of the Court-HADLEY, J.

SAME CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE.

Whether a pedestrian upon a street crossing waiting for a street car to pass is guilty of contributory negligence in turning to cross a double track on which cars run in the opposite direction, without looking or listening to learn whether a car is approaching, is a question for the jury, where he is injured by a car coming suddenly over the top of the hill upon which he was walking, there being evidence that its gong was not sounded, and that the car was not stopped as quickly as it should have been.

Appeal from Superior Court, King County.-Hon. G. MEADE EMORY, Judge. Reversed.

Edward Holton James and J. Henry Denning, for appellant.

Struve, Allen, Hughes & McMicken, for respondent.

The opinion of the court was delivered by

HADLEY, J.-The respondent is the owner and operator of a system of street railways in the city of Seattle, and on the 11th day of November, 1900, was engaged in the operation of a line of cars along Madison street, in said city. The westerly end of Madison street is near the waters of Puget Sound, from which point said street proceeds in a northeasterly course, and ascends, for a distance of many blocks, the sloping side of a very high hill. The respondent's cars are moved up and down the slope of said hill along Madison street by means of an underground cable. Madison street is crossed at right angles by the following parallel streets, among others, viz., Second avenue, Third avenue, and Fourth avenue. Those portions of Madison street included in its intersections with said. streets at their several places of crossing are practically level, while those portions which lie between said intersections ascend the hill by a very steep grade. Of the streets crossing Madison street above named, Second avenue is the most westerly, and is nearest the westerly end of Madison

[26 Wash.

Opinion of the Court-HADLEY, J. street. Next easterly, and up the hill, from Second avenue, lies Third avenue, which crosses Madison street one block distant from the crossing of Second avenue and Madison street. Ascending the hill from Third avenue, Madison street proceeds until it intersects Fourth avenue, one block distant. On the day first above named appellant resided at Spring Place in the city of Seattle, which is located adjoining Madison street, some distance easterly from that portion of Madison street heretofore described. In the evening of that day appellant started with his family to go to Germania Hall, which is located on Second avenue,and to the north of Madison street. The party walked along Madison street to the westward, following the northerly side of said street until they reached Fourth avenue, when they crossed to the southerly side of Madison street, and proceeded along that side of the street down to Third avenue. They crossed over Third avenue, and appellant's wife and daughter and a young lady who accompanied them stood upon or very near the sidewalk at the southwesterly corner of the two streets. Appellant started to cross over Madison street, intending to proceed northerly along Third avenue to Seneca street, and thence down Seneca street to Second avenue, and to Germania Hall. As he started across Madison street he proceeded in a diagonal direction with reference to the square formed by the intersection of the two streets. He went in a northeasterly direction until he was some twenty or twenty-five feet from the westerly line of Third avenue, and was also near the center of Madison street. At this point in Madison street are the double tracks of the Madison street cable line. The northerly track is used by the cars going westerly toward the foot of Madison street and toward Puget Sound. The southerly track is used by those going easterly toward Lake Wash

Dec. 1901.]

Opinion of the Court-HADLEY, J.

ington. Crossing the above tracks at said street crossing are also the double tracks of an electric line proceeding along Third avenue. A car on the Madison street line had just come from Lake Washington, and had stopped at the Third avenue crossing. Appellant, from the position above described, stood in the space between the two tracks of the Madison street line and a little in front of and facing said car. He was therefore facing toward the northeast, and stood with his back to the Madison street hill between Second and Third avenues. While standing there he observed that his family had not followed him, and he turned to go back to where they stood, as above described. He did not turn to the westerly, and look down the Madison street hill, but turned to the right, with his face to the east, and then to the south, and started across the southerly track of the Madison street line. While in the act of crossing this track, he was struck by a Madison street car, which had just come up the hill from the direction of Second avenue. He received serious and substantial injuries. Appellant was familiar with the surroundings of the locality and with the manner of operating the Madison street cars. At the trial witnesses testified that they did not hear a gong sounded from the car as it ascended the hill and as it approached and entered upon Third avenue, but, owing to their excited condition of mind at the time of the accident, they were unable to testify that the gong was not in fact sounded. One witness, however, did testify positively to the fact that no gong was sounded from the car at any time as it approached the crossing. At the close of appellant's testimony the respondent challenged the legal sufficiency of the evidence to entitle the appellant to a verdict, and moved the court to find as a matter of law that the verdict should be returned in favor of respondent, and also to discharge the jury and enter judgment accordingly.

39-26 ASH.

Opinion of the Court-Hadley, J.

[26 Wash.

This motion was granted by the court, and judgment was entered that appellant is not entitled to recover in this action against respondent, and that respondent recover its costs. From said judgment this appeal was taken.

It is insisted by respondent that the car which ascended the Madison street hill, being propelled by a cable, could not with safety to its passengers, be released from the cable until the car had cleared the incline of the hill, and stood upon the level of the Third avenue crossing. The grade of the hill between Second and Third avenues is about twenty per cent., and it is urged that it would be hazardous if a gripman should release the car from the cable at any point on the incline, since it might not be possible by means of brakes to prevent the car from retreating down the hill. The car was apparently stopped as quickly as possible after it reached the level of the Third avenue crossing, but before it had safely landed upon the level its front end reached the point where appellant was crossing the track, and struck him. The speed of the car could not be checked, since it must follow the speed of the running cable at that point. Respondent concludes from the above stated conditions that no negligence can be attached to it for not checking the speed, or for not sooner stopping the car. We are not at this time prepared to say as a matter of law that respondent's rights are such as may authorize it to maintain a system of operating cars that will prevent it from safely stopping the cars at any point within the distance of an entire block, or at a point where they are in the act of entering upon the level of a street crossing. Respondent's rights in the street are in common with those of other travelers. Street cars are, in the main, governed by the same rules as other vehicles on the street, and their owners have an equal right with the traveling public to use the street. They have no proprietary right to any part of the

Dec. 1901.]

Opinion of the Court-HADLEY, J.

street. There are some modifications of this rule. For example, as street cars run upon track they cannot turn out to one side of it. But there is no exception which relieves a street railway company from exercising as much care to avoid collisions with other vehicles as the drivers of the latter are required to exercise in order to avoid collision with the cars. Shea v. St. Paul City Ry. Co.,50 Minn. 395 (52 N. W. 902); Traver v. Spokane Street Ry. Co. 25 Wash. 225 (65 Pac. 284). The obligations of the street railway company and of other travelers along the street are mutual, and each must exercise care to prevent collisions. and accidents. This mutual obligation is as binding between the operator of the cars and pedestrians at a street crossing as it is between the operator and drivers of vehicles at other points along the streets. The car track is as much a part of the street as any other portion of the traveled way, and pedestrians have a right to cross the track, and particularly at street crossings they must of necessity cross it. If the apparatus used in the operation of cable cars renders the street crossing more hazardous to other travelers than under ordinary conditions, then the street car company should take every reasonable precaution to protect the public from that additional danger. Other travelers having knowledge of these extra hazardous conditions are also under obligation to exercise reasonable care and caution to avoid the danger. It is not, therefore, within our province to say as a matter of law that no negligence is shown on the part of respondent in the fact that the speed of the car could not be checked, or that it could not be stopped before it reached the point where it did stop. This is a question to be submitted to the jury, that it may determine whether, under all the surroundings, the conditions. which created the facts as stated constituted negligence. Roberts v. Spokane Street Ry. Co., 23 Wash. 325 (63 Pac.