APPENDIX.

A

And dig for it more than for hid treasures. pp. 41, 42. "There is not another comparison within the whole compass of human actions so vivid as this. I have heard of diggers actually fainting when they have come upon even a single coin; they become positively frantic, dig all night with desperate earnestness, and continue to work till utterly exhausted. There are at this hour hundreds of persons thus engaged all over the country."-Thomson's Land and the Book, p. 135.

B

And thine offspring as the grass of the earth. p. 52. Among the Sikhs the following custom prevails: during the seven days following the birth of a child, any one caring to do so, brings to the father a bit of doob grass (the favourite pasture-grass of India), which, as it runs along the ground with many ramifications and countless rootlets, is regarded by them as an emblem of vigour and perpetuity, and as such is presented to the father, with the implied hope that his progeny may be as vigorous and widely extended.-R. F. H.

C

Leviathan. p. 56. When writing the above I was not aware that the crocodile actually still exists in Palestine; it is found in the old Crocodile River, the modern Zerka, a small stream, which, rising from the South of the Carmel range, flows into the Mediterranean a few miles above Cæsarea.-The Land and the Book, p. 497; Tristram's Land of Israel, p. 103. Mr. Macgregor of the "Rob Roy" was not only aware of the existence of the crocodile in the Zerka, but mentions a report "that the animal has actually been seen, long ago, in the Jordan;" he encountered a living specimen in the Kishon, which flows into the sea about twenty-five miles North of the Zerka.-Rob Roy on the Jordan, pp. 444, 451.

D

His roots are wrapped about the heap. p. 66. I noticed subsequently a still more remarkable illustration of this vitality; vast piles of shot and shell lie in the Agra arsenal, and at the

close of the hot weather they stand bare on a bare plain. After the rains I was astonished to find them, and one pile in particular, which was six feet high, quite hidden by a luxuriant growth of doob grass, the roots of which were far off in the ground, whilst the radicles clung tenaciously to the interstices of the pile, and were literally wrapped "about the heap.”—R. F. H.

E

The east wind. p. 100. "The day was one of the worst we have had this autumn. A strong East wind blew in our faces during the whole course of the observations, and the dryness and peculiarly depressing absence of ozone made our task far from pleasant. Lieut. Kitchener succeeded in obtaining some photographs under peculiarly unfavourable circumstances, and after nine hours' fatiguing work, we returned to camp very tired."Palestine Exploration Quarterly Report, April, 1875, p. 74.

F

Thy brother. p. 145. Not necessarily uterine, the term being applied in India to distant members of kindred, and even to strangers; in the Old Testament there are numerous instances of cousins, and other more distant ties, being called "brothers and sisters;" and in this light we must regard the much-disputed "brethren" of our Lord.-R. F. H.

G

Where he doth work. p. 153. "We sat up rather late after evening service, attracted by a magnificent Aurora Borealis, a sight unwonted in these latitudes (Sebbeh, 31° 20′). On our questioning the Arabs if they thought it was a portent, they said they did not know, but they believed it had to do with the North country, and not with themselves."-Tristram's Land of Moab, p. 34. This belief of the Arabs singularly coincides with Job's opinion in the text.

H

A tempest stealeth him away in the night. p. 171. The following description of a recent flood in the Sinaitic peninsula will vividly illustrate my remarks:-"This Wády Soláf was the scene of the great seil or flood in 1867, when an Arab encampment was washed away, and forty souls, together with many camels, sheep, and other cattle, perished in the waters. Mr. Holland was in Sinai at the time of the calamity, and narrowly escaped losing his life on the occasion. He describes the scene as something terrible to witness; a boiling roaring torrent filled the entire

valley, carrying down huge boulders of rock as though they had been so many pebbles, while whole families swept by, hurried on to destruction by the resistless course of the flood. The marks of devastation which it caused are still too plainly apparent, and I have seen the trunks of large palm-trees lying in the Wády-bed at a distance of more than thirty miles from the place where they had grown. A single thunderstorm, with a heavy shower of rain, falling on the naked granite mountains, will be sufficient to produce these dreadful effects, and convert a dry and level valley into a roaring river in a few short hours."-The Desert of the Exodus, E. J. Palmer, p. 151.

I

Gold (marg.) cometh out of the north. p. 236. Coupling together the allusions in Job (chap. xxiii. 9; xxxvii. 22) to the mysterious North, we have, I think, a passage in Ezekiel illustrating both; thus we are told in chap. i. 4:

And I looked,

And behold, a whirlwind came out of the north,

A great cloud, and a fire unfolding itself,

And a brightness was about it,

And out of the midst thereof as the colour of amber,

Out of the midst of the fire.

We here see Jehovah working in "the north," and, representing the golden glory issuing from the same quarter, we have the "brightness as the colour of amber.”—-R. F. H.

GRADES AND USAGES OF SOCIETY

IN JOB'S DAYS.