EXAMINATION QUESTIONS

Examination Questions Not Made Public.-The following states do not give permission for the publication of the examination questions: Kentucky, Michigan, Kansas, Vermont, Utah.

Colorado Board of Pharmacy.-The board has given publicity to the following set as a sample of the work required at the present time:

Materia Medica.-1. Explain the following terms: Rubifacient, pustulants, haemostatic, vesicant, diuretic and hypnotic, and give examples for each of them.

2. Aspidium: (a) Give common name, habitat and part used in medicine; (b) at what age does it become unfit for use; (c) name its medical properties.

3. (a) Define materia medica; (b) therapeutics; (c) toxicology; (d) pharmacology and pharmacognozy.

4. Give the official names of broom top, foxglove, dandelion, henbane, cloves, witch-hazel and pennyroyal.

3. Caffeine: (a) From what is it obtained; (b) describe its appearance; (c) name its medical properties; (d) which preparation of caffeine is preferrel for internal administration and what is the usual dose?

6. Name five official solids that are soluble solids that are soluble in glycerine. How is glycerine obtained?

7. Ipecac: Official name, habitat, active principles, part used, official preparations, medical properties and doses.

8. Kino: (a) How obtained? (b) is it used much in this country, and, if so, for what purpose? (c) name its official preparation and dose.

9. How many powders are official? give ingredients; also uses in medicine.

Name three of them and

10. Opium: Give the percentage strength of morphine in gum opium; also in granulated opium. Name five official preparations, doses, and give a full description how paregoric is made, its strength and dose.

11. Give the percentage strength of tinct. iodine, iron, digitalis, belladonna, kino, sweet orange and guaiac. What per cent of extract should tinct. nux vomica contain?

12. State which of the following are classified as roots, cormes, rhizomes, bulbs, fruits, seeds and flowers: leptandrae, squills, colchicum, cubeb, strophantus, elder, krameria, gentian and fennel. 13. Rhubarb : Give official name, habitat. What acid does it contain? What is torrified rhubarb? Are its medicinal properties different from the plain rhubarb, and in what respect? Give official preparations.

14. Give the dose and antidotes for the following: Atropine, silver nitrate, codeine, chloral, santonin, phenol, strychnine, zinc sulphate and eugenol.

15. Rhamuses Purshiana: (a) Give common name and habitat; (b) what part is used in medicine? (c) what are its chief medical properties and uses? (d) with what other drug is it often confounded? (e) at what age is it fit for use?

16. From what kinds of plants, and to what country are they native, that yield the following leaf drugs: Ura ursi, yerba santa, stramonium, belladonna and henbane?

17. Asafoetida and valerian: Give botanical names, how obtained, active principles, their effects and uses in medicine; official preparations and doses.

18. Give the official name of five barks used in medicine; their active principles; uses in medicine and doses.

19. Aconite: (a) Give official name, habitat and part used in medicine; (b) to what alkaloid contained therein does it owe its virtue? (c) define its medical properties, and name antidotes in case of poisoning; (d) name its official prepartions and doses. 20. White mustard: (a) Give official name, active principle; (b) with what is it usually adulterated? (c) give its uses in medicine; (d) official preparations.

Pharmacy. Define Metrology. What system of weights and measures is used in Pharmacy? How many grains in a pound troy? A pound avoirdupois? What is the weight in grains of an ounce of water? At what temperature is the weight taken? At what weight would you figure 1 oz. water in computing percentage solutions?

2. How much boric acid would you use to make a 5% solution in 1 oz. glycerine? Show figures.

3. How many 5-grain capsules could you fill from a 1-ounce bottle of quinine? A preparation in the market costs $19 for one dozen 16-ounce bottles, how much does one ounce cost?

4. On what is the metric system based? How is the unit of capacity derived in the metric system? How the unit of weight? How many inches in a meter? How many grains in a gramme? How many ounces in a liter? Give equivalent of a milligram in │ grains.

5. How do you write the multiples of the units in the metric system? How do you write the divisions in same? We mean, what prefixes do you use? Convert 4 ounces into c. c. Convert 4 grammes into grains.

6. Define: vaporization; evaporation; distillation; dessication; sublimation.

(b) Name some official aqueous solutions and methods of preparation.

(c) What is the difference in aquas and liquors?

(d) Is Fowler's solution an aqua or a liquor? Why? (e) What per cent of arsenic should it contain? (f) What is the dose?

7. How many grains of silver nitrate will be required to make six fluid ounces of a solution 1 to 10? (b) what quantity of mercury oxide will be required to make ten grammes of a 2 per cent ointment? (c) A prescription calls for a mixture containing 11⁄2 grains of strychnine to be divided into twenty-four powders; how much strychnine would be contained in each powder? (b)

8. (a) Give ingredients in tincture opium camphorated. What is opium strength in same? (c) Give process for manufacturing tincture of opium. (d) How are degrees of fineness of powder designated?

9. Give the ingredients and per cent of mercury in mass of mercury. (b) What is the per cent of mercury in mercurial ointment? (c) Give the official name and percent of arsenic in Fowler's solution; also Donovan's solution.

10. What is the difference in cerates and ointments? (b) What official ointment is made by chemical reaction? (c) What special rules should be observed in dispensing ointment? 11. What is meant by solution? (b) How much silver nitrate would be required to make four ounces of a 3% solution? Show figures. (c) What is the objection to the use of heat in making extemporaneous saturated solutions? (d) How much bichloride would be required to make a gallon of a 1 to 2000 solution? 12. What is specific gravity? (b) Define specific volume. (c) What is the weight of a pint of glycerine? (d) One ounce fluid metallic mercury? (e) How many ounces, liquid, in a pound of

sulphuric acid?

13. What are Fluid Extracts? Fluid Extracts and Extracts?

a menstrum of boiling water.

(b) What is the difference in (c) Name two Extracts made with (d) Name two in which acetic acid

is used, and (e) state reason for its use. 14. What is the weight in avoirdupois pounds of five pints of hydrochloric acid? (b) Convert two ounces Troy into metric weight. (c) 300 cc. into apothecaries' measure. (d) Twenty-five grammes into grains. 15. How much camphor gum in 1000 cc. of spirits of camphor? (b) How do you make spirits of chloroform? (e) Give the formula for belladonna liniment. (d) Lime liniment. (e) Spirits ammonia aromatic.

16.

How many ounces of 28% aqua ammonia would you use to make a litre of 20% ammonia solution? 17.

What per cent of alkaloid should tr. hydrastis? tr. hyoscyamus? and tr. nux vomica contain? Name the alkaloid for each.

18. Why is there a difference in the menstrum of some of the fluid extracts? have acetic acid added to the menstrum? in each case?

alcoholic strength and

Which fluid extracts
And why is it added

19. What fluid extracts have boiling water for a menstrum? Why is the drug in aromatic fluid extract of cascara treated with magnesium oxide?

20. Give the alkaloidal strength adopted for the following fluid extracts: aconite--belladonna root- cinchona-hydrastis-hyoscyamus-nux vomica-pilocarpus.

Chemistry.-1. Differentiate between Organic and Inorganic chemistry. Name five organic and five inorganic compounds.

2. Define the following -Valence, Chemical Affinity, Chemical Reaction, Atom, Molecule.

3. What are Alkaloids chemically? mon to all? How are they affected differ from Neutral Principles?

4. What is the source of Iodine? weight. Give a good test for Iodides Is Iodine a solid, liquid or gas?

5. Why?

What one element is comby acids? How do they

Give symbol and atomic and state what is formed.

How is Potassium Iodide made? How should it be kept?

Meissner-Nordyke. Mr. Frederick W. Meissner and Miss May Nordyke were married at La Porte, Ind., April 10. Mr. Meissner is a member of the Board of Trustees of the U. S. P. C. and active in other national as well as local pharmaceutical organizations.

Meisburger-Summers.-William J. Meisburger, Ph. G., of Webster Groves, and Miss Alice Summers, of Kansas City, were married, April 29. They are making a tour of the Pacific Coast and, of course, will visit the Fair.

NECROLOGY

Hubbard.-Fred A. Hubbard, of Newton, Mass., died, April 19, of heart disease. He was fifty-six years of age and had been in the drug business at Newton for twenty-seven years. Mr. Hubbard joined the A. Ph. A. in 1907 and served as president of the New England Branch. He was an ex-president of the Mass. Ph. A., a member of the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and one of its trustees. He was an ex-president of the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy and had served on the state board of pharmacy. In many other ways did Mr. Hubbard generously give his time for the benefit of pharmacists in both state and national work.

Van Vleet.-Peter P. Van Vleet died at his home in Memphis, April 28, at the age of sixty-six years. Mr. Van Vleet had been in poor health for several years and confined to his home, the past two months. He was rated as the wealthiest citizen of Memphis and well known for his charities. He is survived by his widow, two daughters, Mrs. Elsa Van Vleet Connor, of Washington, D. C., and Mrs. Curtis King, of Memphis, and a son, McKay Van Vleet.

PURELY PERSONAL

H. G. Posey, successor to E. D. Cire in the retail drug business, is a special lecturer on Commercial Pharmacy, at the New Orleans College of Pharmacy. Professor W. B. Day, dean of the University of Illinois School of Pharmacy, was a guest and spoke at the banquet of the Northwestern School of Pharmacy recently.

Charles Brunstrom, of Moline, Ill., has been elected supervisor of the township. He received a majority of all the votes cast, although four candidates were in the field.

John Best, Ph. G., Central City, Col.. graduated at the New York College of Pharmacy, March 16, 1865. The Colorado Branch of the A. Ph. A. celebrated his fiftieth anniversary.

Juryman Wilhelm Bodemann, of Chicago, is spending the month of May serving on a jury of awards in the Liberal Arts Palace, Panama-Pacific Exposition, at San Francisco.

Dr. Arthur A. Noyes, director of the Research Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was presented with the Fifth Willard Gibbs Medal, at Chicago, April 16.

T. A. Cheatham, Atlanta, Ga., is State Drug Inspector and also secretary of the G. A. Ph. A. What is more, he is thoroughly in earnest in his work and contributes much to the welfare of pharmacy.

Dr. William C. Alpers, of Cleveland, O., presidentelect of the A. Ph. A., has a handsome loving cup, presented to him by a number of his admiring friends "in thankful recognition of his service to pharmacy.”

Professor Frederick J. Wulling, dean of the University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, will preside at the San Francisco meeting of the American Conference of Pharmaceutical Faculties, the week of August 9.

Solomon Boehm, Ph. G., veteran pharmacist of Missouri and for more than forty years treasurer of the St. Louis College of Pharmacy, celebrated his seventy-fifth birthday, April 6. He continues active interest in business and devotes much time to charities.

Dr. Albert Schneider has given up his work as editor of the Pacific Pharmacist and becomes a member of the faculty of the Medical Department of the University of California. Dr. Schneider has long been active in literary and educational pharmaceutical work and his friends are pleased to know that he will continue his contributions to the literature of pharmacy.

The Southern Pharmaceutical Journal, formerly owned by Professor Eugene G. Eberle, at Dallas, Tex., is now the property of Walter H. Cousins. Professor Eberle becomes editor of the Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. Mr. Cousins is a well-known contributor to pharmaceutical literature, particularly, on account of his articles in the Practical Druggist, during the past five years, where he earned the name of the George Ade of Pharmacy.

TIMELY TOPICS

Makes the Ants Get Out.-Most country houses, and many city establishments, are troubled with ants about the place. Destroy them by the following process: Take one-half flour of brimstone, 4 ounces of potash, and set that in iron or earthen pan over a fire until the heat dissolves, and unites the two. When cool, beat this mixture into a powder. Place a little of this powder in water and sprinkle it where the ants are. They will decamp.

A Simple Method of Cleaning Straw Hats which have become deteriorated by the action of the sun, or have lost their original gloss, follows: At first the dust is brushed off as well as possible. After this the hats or other objects are well brushed with a tooth brush and lemon juice, and then placed in a box or chest which is dark, until perfectly dry. After a short time-a few minutes-finely pulverized sulphur is rubbed in with white flannel cloth. Hats! which have been treated in this manner immediately appear fresh again. If there should exist streaks of fat, they should be removed with benzine before the lemon juice is used.

War Prices.-A Berlin report on the state of the markets for drugs and chemicals states that the war has increased the cost of practically all medicaments. Amongst drugs the following are particularly mentioned: Aloes, arrowroot, cascara bark, senna leaves, opium, castor oil, tragacanth, lard, paraffin, and vaseline. Technical chemicals which have risen in price include amyl alcohol, formaldehyde, sal ammoniac, and ammonium carbonate, mercury, glycerin, potassium chlorate, and potassium permanganate. Medicaments which have also a rising tendency are cocaine, codeine, quinine, lithium salts, morphine, and strychnine.

Artificial Manure for Tomatoes.-The best artificial manure for outdoor tomatoes is one containing 3 per cent of nitrogen, 8 per cent of available phosphoric acid, and 10 per cent of potash. A suitable mixture is as follows: Nitrate of soda, 75 lbs.; acid phosphate (16 per cent), 200 lbs.; muriate of potash, 80 lbs.; or nitrate of soda, 75 lbs.; steamed bone meal, 150 lbs.; muriate of potash, 80 lbs. The mixture should be applied at the rate of 400 lbs. to the acre. The crop requires also stable manure or other humus-yielding material.-[Bulletin 142 of the West Virginia University (Agric. Exp. Station), through Gard. Chron., October 31, 1914, 297.

Interstate Reciprocity.-The National Association of Boards of Pharmacy has arranged for the recognition of certificates of registration under proper conditions in the following list of states:

Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin.

The official application, with instructions for proceeding may be obtained from H. C. Christensen,

J

Secretary, 450 Bowen avenue, Chicago, Ill. A fee of $5.00 is required, which should accompany request for application; information with reference to reciprocal exchange of certificates will be given promptly.

TOO LATE FOR CLASSIFICATION

A New Liquor Law Based on the Harrison AntiNarcotic Law has been passed by the legislature of Tennessee. The amount of liquor in stock at any one time must not exceed in value 1 per cent of the general stock of goods in the drug store. Liquor can be dispensed only on the written prescription of a licensed physician who has visited the patient at his domicile. Both prescriber and dispenser must preserve records of the prescription for two years. The Food and Drug inspector is charged with the enforcement of the law. Pharmacists, the country over, watch with interest the workings of this new and rather novel liquor law.

What's Ahead. In considering the longer future a great deal will depend upon the development of the new kind of governmental regulation which will be provided by the recently organized Federal Trade Commission. This commission enjoys very broad powers so that it can be an agency for great good or great evil. There is reason to believe that the members of the commission are bent upon doing much painstaking work which shall be of value to the business interests of the country. It is not too much to say, however, that few experiments in gov ernmental regulation have ever been watched with greater interest than will be excited by the development of its policy by this new commission. The United States is the birthplace of the corporation movement in the sense that the corporations domiciled here represent the greatest industrial undertakings of the world.-[The Mechanics-American National Bank of St. Louis.

Adjusting Ourselves to New Conditions. It was not until the end of October that the paralyzing effect of the war which was engaging all the great trading nations of the world except the United States had been counteracted. During August, official figures show that the exports from New York were only half what they were in the same month in the year preceding. By November, however, exports were one and one-half times greater than for the same month in 1913. The depression shown by the figures for August and the two succeeding months, however, had not been completely counteracted by the revival in the first quarter of 1915. A comparison of the trade during the two periods of eight months, ending February, 1914, and February, 1915, shows that imports have decreased about 13 per cent. Exports also have decreased, although to a less extent-3 1-7 per cent. Despite the falling off in imports the favorable balance speaks well for the capacity of American business to adjust itself to new and revolutionary conditions in so comparatively short a space of time.

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

Chemical Abstracts Published by the American Chemical Society.

Units of Weights and Measures.-Bur. Standards Circ. 47 (1914).-This circular gives definitions, discussions, tables of equivalents, and abbreviations for the customary and metric units of length, area, capacity, mass, and vol.-[R. S. McBride.

Sterilization of Potable Water by Chloride of Lime. -J. S. Thresh. Lancet, 1914, 809-10.-T. claims that the only safe way to sterilize H2O is to add an excess of Cl and after 15 min. remove the excess with thiosul. fate. In no case add less than 1 p. p. m. This is for use of the army in the field.-[J. Gaub.

Treatment of Pepsin in Prescriptions.-B. Vleurinck. Ghent. Handel. 17e Vl. Nat. Geneesk. Congr. Ghent 1913-1914, 129; through Bull. soc. chim. belg. 28, 169-In order to regulate the activity of pepsin in pharmaceutical preps. it is better to dil. it with starch than with lactose.-[H. S. Paine.

Purification of Water by Ultraviolet Rays.-M. von Recklinghausen. J. Am. Water Works Assn., 1, 56588; cf. C. A., 8, 2847.-Pistol lamps with U tubes immersed in the water which flows through a flume are used at Lunéville, St. Malo and Rouen, France, with high bacterial efficiency. A complete historical and theoretical discussion is given.-[H. P. Corson.

Sterilization of Water for Troops in the Field.G. S. Woodhead. Lancet, 1914, 736-8.-All H2O, in the field, is dangerous and unfit for drinking. Tests for detg. the safety of H2O in bulk are given. The tests depend on the use of CaOCl, as a disinfectant, the excess of which is detd. by the use of KI and sol. starch from which a blue color ensues, should the water be safe.-[J. Gaub.

Effervescent Drinks and Pure Fruit Juice Beverages.-W. Rossee and v. Morgenstern. Z. Nahr.Genussm. 28, 89-90 (1914).-Contrary to the generally held and often expressed opinion that pure fruit beverages cannot be prepared commercially without the use of preservatives the authors have found drinks of this character in the market that are pure and free from preservatives.-[A. F. Seeker.

Bleached Flour.-Frank L. Haley. Univ. Michigan. Biochem. Bull. 3, 440-3 (1914).-The use of bleached flour is not injurious to health and, although nitrite is present, the amt. is too small to cause the formation of methemoglobin or the replacement of normal oxyhemoglobin. Administration of nitrite in doses much greater than are ever present in flour caused no pathological conditions in the exptl. animals.-[A. P. Lothrop.

The Danger of Mercury Poisoning Among Dentists. -H. Schulte. Arch. Hyg. 83, 43-73 (1914).-Using the Buchtala electrolysis method for the estn. of small amts. of Hg in the urine, it was found that dentists handling Hg amalgam excreted about 0.05 mg. of Hg per day. The amt. was the same whether the den

tists allowed the amalgam to come in contact with their hands or not, indicating that Hg can be absorbed through the lungs.-[Julian H. Lewis.

Treating Gelatin Capsules With Formaldehyde Solution for Ipecac Medication.-E. L. DeLanney. U. S. Army. Military Surgeon 35, No. 4; J. Am. Med. Assoc. 63, 1506-7 (1914).-Capsules soaked in a 20% soln. of HCHO for a few hrs. and dried became very brittle and somewhat distorted, but not so as to prevent their subsequent filling. This treatment rendered the capsules insol. in acid medica and furnished a satisfactory method for the administration of ipecac. -[L. W. Riggs.

Reclaiming Old and Faded Pictures.-R. Namias. Phot. Korr. 51, 254-5 (1914).-The photograph is first treated with a bath of 1 g. CuSO, and 5 g. NaCl in 100 cc. water, reducing the image to AgCl, after which a wash eliminates the Cu. A bath of Na stannite is prepared by adding 10% NaOH to 1% SnCl, until the ppt. just dissolves. The print, immersed in this bath, is strongly intensified. It is of no further value as a picture, but a good photographic copy can be made from it in the usual way.— [L. Derr.

Composition of Milk as Shown by Analyses of Samples of Known Purity.-H. C. Lythgoe. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 6, 899-908.-From a study of several hundred milk analyses, L. concludes that within reasonable limits it is possible to indicate from the % solids and fats, the watering, skimming or adulteration of milk. There is no relation between n of the serum and the sour serum ash, so that, if both figures are below the minimum for pure milk it is positive indication of the presence of added water. Skimming is indicated if the protein-fat ratio is greater than 1.— [Isador Miller.

A Report of a Chemical and Bacteriological Study of Wrapped Bread.-B. R. Jacobs, J. A. LeClerc and M. L. Mason. Am. J. Pub. Health, 4, 721-32 (1914).— Waxed paper causes the bread within it to retain its moisture longer than pervious paper; however, pervious paper is better for breads whose crusts are to be kept dry and firm. Bread should be wrapped about 3 hrs. after it is taken from the oven, as at the end of this time it reaches normal temp. Unwrapped bread becomes stale sooner than wrapped, while at the end of 114 hrs. the wrapped had developed nothing objectionable.-[J. Gaub.

Influence of Solvents on the Rotation of Optically Active Compounds.-XX. Isomeric solvents. T. S. Patterson and E. F. Pollock. Univ. Glasgow. J. Chem. Soc. 105, 2322-9 (1914); Proc. 30, 234; cf. C. A. 7, 1128; 8, 1415.-The rotation of Et tartrate at 20° has been detd. in 35 solvents, and found to change rather widely in isomeric solvents. For example, the difference between the rotations in Et thiocyanate and Et iso-thiocyanate was 11°. Data are also given for the variation of the rotation of Et tartrate with temp. and conc. in several of the solvents, and for iso-butyl malate in 8 solvents at 20°.-[E. B. Millard.

USEFUL NOTES

Mr.

"The Preservation of Galenicals" and "Helpful Hints in Dispensing and Manufacturing."-Dr. Charles C. Neal, Charles C. Meyer and Otto Muelhause presented papers on these subjects at the February meeting of the A. Ph. A. Baltimore Branch. Neal, in reading his paper, considered particularly tinctures, fluid extracts, solid extracts and powdered extracts and during its reading and discussion, the following facts and lessons were learned:

Any deterioration, in about one-third of the Pharmacopoeia preparations, is due to carelessness in preservation or storage.

A preliminary sedimentation, rather than precipitation, begins in the majority of tinctures and fluid extracts in from a few hours to several weeks after they have been made. After this usually inert sediment has ceased falling and has been, as it usually is, filtered out, the finished preparation should be practically stable, if kept in proper containers, securely stoppered, and at a uniformly moderate temperature and protected from light and heat.

Preparations high in alcohol, as a rule, keep much better than those of low proof and aqueous or weakly alcoholic ones are much more prone to deterioration.

Containers should also be practically full. A pint of fluid extract or tincture in a gallon bottle is exposed to the action of the seven and a half pints of air in the bottle and oxidation is likely to go on and even evaporation of volatile constituents may occur, resulting in the loss of valuable components and a lowering of alcoholic strength.

Loose stoppers are responsible for the same conditions and the practice of recorking a bottle with a stopper which has been pierced by a corkscrew or of loosely corking it with a good cork always causes loss of something or a change of some kind, if the preparation is kept for any length of time.

Evaporation of a fluid extract to a solid extract or to even a hard dry extract has occurred as a result of this carelessness. Just the opposite effect is produced in deliquescent salts and a liquid may result.

Powdered extracts should not be poured out of their containers, but should be removed with a spatula. Any of the powder left on the inside of the neck and in contact with the cork, will invariably become a solid extract, especially in damp climates, the cork sticks and is generally broken in attempting to remove it.

Solid extracts should be taken from the center of the jar and any to be replaced should be dropped in the same place and not wiped from the spatula on the side as hardening of that left there, follows.

"No sane man or official will hold a pharmacist for an allowable deterioration in the strength of Spirit of Nitrous Ether, Tincture of Iodine, Fowler's Solution, or similar preparations," was the answer of a state official to a query, but it was pointed out

that care must be exercised in making everything. especially in making Spirit of Nitrous Ether in small quantities and storing it in small amber bottles.

It was also brought out, that, in these and similar cases, the new Pharmacopoeia proposed to allow for a slight deficiency or increase in strength.

The general use of tap water by some pharmacists was condemned and its replacement in all preparations by distilled water was advocated.

Solution of magnesium citrate made with recently distilled water or with boiled and cooled stock distilled water has kept for months and need not be freshly prepared. A case was cited, an account of which appears in the 1911 Proceedings, of a bottle of this solution which showed no signs of decomposition, excepting darkening, after fifteen years.

Mr. Meyer suggested a unique way in which to prepare this solution.

Drop the oil of lemon calculated from the required quantity of syrup of citric acid, on the magnesium carbonate (which must be of U. S. P. quality and note the kind marked for "Technical use only")place this into all of the distilled water necessary for the finished product, stir well, place the citric acid crystals in a muslin bag and suspend just below the surface of the liquid. Solution will take place rapidly and when completed, add sugar calculated from the required quantity of syrup of citric acid. Filter, bottle, charge, cap with a crown cork and label. He has kept it for eight months and it may keep longer as he feels that if it keeps that long it should keep practically indefinitely.

Stock solutions of the salts of the halogens or of the alkaloids can be kept for a long time or until used and show no signs of fungus growth if made with boiled and cooled distilled water.

Mr. Meyer brought along a wonderful assortment of apparatus, most of which is in regular use about his pharmacy.

His explanations of the uses to which they were put and his exposition of his subject was instructive, edifying and entertaining.

Among the various and sundry objects in his exhibit were:

A percolator ring with three movable pins, which could be adjusted by thumb screws to take anything from a small funnel to a large percolator.

An absorbent cotton holder made from a slide covered wood box with a hole in the bottom, out of which the cotton protruded. This was kept in an elevated position and small tufts could be pulled away and used for filtering, et cetera, while the rest of the cotton was kept clean and protected from dust.

A box arranged similarly but with a slit in the bottom, out of which the end of a roll of bandage gauze protruded. Any length desired for straining or other purposes could be pulled out and cut off with scissors.