French in eight days after the ratification | stone, is 6 feet deep, and 9 feet of stone of the treaty by the Buenos Ayres Government. The two vessels of war, captured by the French, to be restored. In Art. 3; that an amnesty shall be declared to all Argentine exiles of later date than Dec. 1838, who shall abandon opposition to the Buenos Ayres government within one month, and to all rebels who shall lay down their arms within eight days; generals and chiefs of corps excepted. In Art. 4; that the absolute independence of the Republic of Uruguay shall be recognised by Buenos Ayres. In Art. 5; that French citizens in Buenos Ayres, and Argentines in France, shall have all the privileges of the natives of the most favored countries. This article is accompanied by an avowal by the Argentine plenipotentiary, that French citizens already enjoy such privileges. In Art. 6; that the Argentine republic may, notwithstanding Art. 5, grant S. Americans superior privileges to other nations. In Art. 7; that the treaty shall be ratified in Paris in eight months, through the medium of a Minister Plenipotentiary of the Republic, to be accredited to that effect near the French Government. The style assumed by Gov. Rosas in this negociation, is that of "Governor and Captain General of the province of Buenos Ayres, charged with the affairs of the Confederacion Argentina." Liverpool, Dec. 26. STOCKPORT VIADUCT-Last week, was completed the greatest work, of its kind, ever executed in this country. This is the Stockport Viaduct. The contractors being Liverpool men (John Tompkinson and Samuel and Jas. Holme, builders,) hundreds of people from this place went, on Dec. 21st, to view its completion. The Manchester and Birmingham direct line of railway now runs over, not through, the town of Stockport. The arches literally stride over that large town. Standing in a valley, in Cheshire, the town of Stockport is too low for the level of the railroad. Mr. Buck, the engineer, had the first stone laid on the 10th of March, 1839, and the last, or capstone, on the 21st of December, 1840. Thus, in 21 months was completed a viaduct, based on the solid rock, of 26 arches-22 of 63 feet span, and 4 of 20 feet span. The length is 1786 feet. It stands 111 feet above the Mersey, which flows beneath, and is thus 6 feet higher than the Menai Bridge. The foundation, in the sand work above ground. From thence to the springing of the arches, the piers are of brickwork, and the huge bends of the same material. Brick was used, as less likely, when well made, to chip, splinter, or decay. The quantity of bricks used amounted to 11,000,000; there were also used 400,000 cubic feet of stone, and the whole cost £70,000. The utmost setting in the whole work after taking the wooden supporters from the arches, is half an inch. A great saving has been effected by raising this viaduct to such a height, as it reduces the works on each side of the valley, and lessens the expense £50,000. It has been made 1786 feet long, because they had to span all the streets. first time that, for such a work, brick has been chiefly employed. This great work will long be a matter of wonder to the world. It is the PRODUCE OF BOHEMIA.-Prague, Jan. 1. The following will give some idea of the produce of Bohemian industry. The land is now no desert, although it might have been one at the time Polixenes was King. Corn and wood clothe its surface in abundance, and under ground it can boast of resources which few other parts of the continent can. The produce of silver, for instance, is considerable, and during the last ten years it has much increased. 27,000 marks was the amount of this year's produce. This is for the most part from Imperial mines; the quantity belonging to individuals was only 1,000 marks. There are abundance of other mineral productions. During this year were produced in private works alone 36,328 quintals of copper and iron vitriol, 7,432 quintals of alum, 5,358 quintals of pure sulphur, and 41,371 of sulphuric acid. The trade is pretty good. The price, for instance, of sulphuric acid rose lately from 12s. to 18s. per quintal, and the other articles in proportion. Were the customs duties for export not so high, it would considerably increase this fruitful branch of industry. The trade in blacklead, which formerly went to England in great quantities, has now considerably fallen off. In 1835, 42,359 quintals of this article were produced from Prince Schwarzenburg's mines alone; this year it has fallen down to only 14,000 quintals. The reason is, that in England, where it was so much used for machinery, it has been found that it can be obtained cheaper from the Spanish mines. Coals are abundant in Bohemia. Much The Cabool and Afghanistan war was ended, Dost Mahommed having thrown himself under the protection of the British. Havana, Jan. 9. SUGAR AND COFFEE CROP OF CUBA.-The sugar crop of last year has been the largest ever known in this part of the island. The following is the statement of our exports compared to the two preceding years: lies near the surface, but that of this de- | foundation. No official information was scription which I have seen is not partic- received. ularly good, being brown and stony. But there are very good sorts. It is exported to Leipsic for the railways, and from that place and to Magdeburg and Dresden. It goes also to Nuremburg for the railway between that place and Furth, as also to Munich and Augsburg for a similar purpose. It also goes to Linz in large quantities for the use of the steam navigation on the Danube. When rail ways increase, the export of coal will also be far greater, as Bohemia in this respect is favored above its neighbours. In Bavaria there is no coal with the exception of what is obtained in the Rhenish provinces, which of course, is hardly available in Bavaria, the distance being too great. In 1839, 4,000,000 lasts were ob tained, costing 550,000 guilders or 55,000l., while in 1836 the produce was only 2,000,000. In Bohemia, the manufacture of sugar from beet-root is very great. Of 52 manufactories, there are at present 46 at work, not to mention many refining-houses. There are also nine manufactories for syrup from potato meal. During the last working season 35,000 quintals of sugar were made. A great part of this goes to Austria. The cotton manufactories are flourishing, while those of linen are somewhat on the decline. It is computed that 60,000,000 guilders worth of glass are manufactured annually in Bohemia; 3,500 families are employed upon it, and the manufactories are 75 in number. The colored glass is perhaps superior to that made in England, and is remarkably cheap. It is sent to the Levant, South and North America, Spain, and all parts of Germany and Italy. rope, To the North of Eu- To Italy and Mediter ranean, Various, Boxes, 1838. 1839. 1840. 399,754 292,126 454,555 118,344 101,764 123.098 78,413 87,826 82,980 8.331 28,187 37,674 5,670 13,903 9,232 610,512 523,806 707,539 The actual stock here and at Matanzas, is only about 3,000 boxes, and as at the end of 1839, we had a stock of old sugar of about 12,000, there results an excess over the previous crop of 174,700 boxes. Last year's production may consequently be estimated at 698,500 boxes, so far as we can judge from the official statements, which at all events are rather below than above the real amount. It is remarkable that notwithstanding this great extent of crop and its coming late to market, the bulk of it was taken off in a very few months, leaving at the close of the shipping season a smaller stock than we have had in former years, with a less extensive production. The exports to the North of Europe have been more than one-half larger than in 1839, thus absorbing nearly the whole excess over the former crop. These large Jan. 6. Advices were received in Lon- supplies have not had so bad an effect on don by the overland India mail from Can- the prices as there was reason to suppose, ton and Macao to the end of August, and but in several countries a large stock has from Chusan to the first of October. The remained over, which may lessen the deBritish Admiral had succeeded in open-mand for the produce of the coming crop. ing a communication with the Chinese In the shipments to Spain, we notice a government through Capt. Elliot. The slight decrease. Those to the United result of this communication was not dis- States were about one-fifth larger than in tinctly known, but it is understood that 1839, and as the stocks there were lighter the Emperor had consented to send a than usual, the trade has been a remunercommissioner to Canton, and to open ne- ating one during the greater part of the gotiations there for the adjustment of year. There is every probability of that differences. It was rumored in London country becoming a still greater customer that the Emperor had agreed to pay for our produce in the course of the pres£3,000,000 as an indemnification for the ent year. opium destroyed, and the charges of the war, and to deliver Lin to the English; but this rumor seemed to rest on little The Coffee crop of 1839 yielded 35 millions, and that of 1840, 40 millions of pounds. The last crop, however, which is now coming to market, has suffered much from drought, and is not expected to come up to 20 millions. The supplies hitherto received have been very scanty, but of good quality-prices the rule at $94 for third, and $10 for second qualities, and there is no appearance of a decline of these prices. Jan. 18. Despatches from Admiral Stopford of this date, announce the final settlement of the Oriental question on the basis described in the article on Turkey and Egypt in our last number. On the 10th, Adiniral Walker arrived at Alexandria, on the 11th the Pasha gave up to him the Turkish fleet, and made his submission to the Sultan. On the 13th, the Sultan sent instructions to his Com missioners in Egypt, to inform Mehemet Ali that he would grant him the hereditary Pashalic of Egypt. Jan. 19. M. Humann, Minister of Finance in France presented a project of law relative to a loan of 450,000,000 to be applied to extraordinary public works of the Ponts et Chaussees and of the departments of War and Marine till 1848. It is probable that the loan will not be negotiated for a few months, as ministers hope that the negotiations opened with foreign powers will result in a rise of the funds. As M. Humann perseveres in his ideas of conversion, it is probable that the loan will be effected in the three per cents rather than the four, four and a half, or fives. Jan. 26. The British Parliament was opened by the Queen in person, in a speech, in which topics likely to provoke disagreement of sentiments in the two Houses were avoided. No event of importance was disclosed. It announced that the objects of the convention with Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Turkey were be lieved to be on the eve of accomplishment-that the plenipotentiaries sent to China, accompanied by a large military force to demand reparation and redress for injuries inflicted on British subjects by the officers of the emperor of China and for indignities offered to an agent of the crown, were at the last accounts in negotiation with the government of China-and that the governments of Spain and Portugal had both accepted the offer of the mediation of the British Queen for the settlement of difficulties which had arisen between them in relation to the navigation of the Douro. The addresses in reply to the Queen's speech were agreed to by both Houses of Parliament without opposition. DOMESTIC. Dec. 31, 1840. Died, the Hon. Prentiss Mellen, for many years Chief Justice of the state of Maine, in the 77th year of his age. Judge Mellen was distinguished as a ready and accurate lawyer, an able and at times a very eloquent advocate, a man of warm imagination, and fine literary taste. On the bench he was careful and thorough, and at the same time anxious by persevering labor to prevent, as far as possible, the tedious delay in the administration of justice. Agreeably to the requisitions of the constitution of Maine, he retired from the bench at the age of 70, in 1834. Jan. 1, 1841. A correspondence between Mr. Fox, the British Minister in this country, and the Secretary of State, was laid before the House of Representatives by the President. It consisted of a letter written by Mr. Fox, protesting against the trial of Mc Leod, alleged to have been concerned in the burning of the Caroline steamboat, on the frontier, as the question respecting that act was one between the governments of Great Britain and the United States, the burning of the vessel being an act avowed by Great Britain as committed by her authority; and of a reply from Mr. Forsyth, in which he expressed his surprise at this avowal, now made for the first time, and asserted that under the constitution of the U. States, the general government could not interfere with the course of law in any state tribunals. On the next day the President communicated two more letters, in one of which Mr. Fox declared his opinion that the British government would not hesitate to avow their approbation of the destruction of the Caroline, as both necessary and proper. Jan 6, 1841. The Massachusetts Leg islature met and organized, by the choice of Hon. D. P. King as President of the Senate, and George H. Ashmun as Speaker of the House of Representatives. On the next day the Committees on the subject reported the number of votes for Governor and Lieut. Governor as follows:— For Governor, the whole num- Necessary for a choice, 127.313 63.657 70,84 55,169 1,081 179 So the Hon. John Davis was chosen 11 A. Governor of the State. The Hon. Geo. | Draft of water forward, Hull was re-elected Lieutenant Gover- Draft of water aft, nor, by 71,486 votes out of 127.180. She is to be taken to West Point to reThe House proceeded in the constitu-ceive her engines, and will be ready for tional manner to fill the vacancies in the sea in about five months. Senate, which were all filled from the Whig candidates, and in the afternoon the Whig tickets for the Executive Council and Secretaries of State and the Treasury were elected. The two parties in the Senate after the vacancies were filled stood, Whigs 37, Democrats 3; in the House, as appeared from the vote for Speaker, Whigs 264, Democrats 109. This last, however, is only an approximation to a test vote, as several members were absent. Jan. 6. The sudden change of tem perature produced a violent freshet in the Hudson, Passaic, Delaware, Schuylkill and other rivers. Property to a great amount was destroyed, bridges were car. ried away, and the roads were rendered impassable. Jan. 6. Died at New Haven, James A. Hillhouse, the author of Hadad and sev eral other poems of reputation. Mr. Hillhouse's published poetry was mostly written some years since, but its beauty and originality were such as to give him a high stand among American poets. Jan. 7. The government steam frigate, named the Missouri, was launched this morning without accident from the Navy Yard at Brooklyn, in presence of a large concourse of spectators. The following is a description of her dimensions and machinery. Length from figure head to taffrails, Length on upper or main 243 Jan. 8. Dr. John F. Braddee and three others were arrested at Uniontown, Penn., supposed to be concerned in recent robberies of the Great Western Mail. On a search, over ten thousand dollars, with travelling trunks cut open, and several instruments for coining were found on their premises. They were all committed for want of bail. Jan. 13. Hon. I. C. Bates was chosen Senator in Congress from Massachusetts, in place of Gov. Davis, who resigned in consequence of his election to his present office. Jan. 13. Messrs. Bayard and Clayton were chosen Senators in Congress from Delaware; Mr. Clayton for six years from the 4th of March prox., and Mr. Bayard to fill the vacancy left last year from the failure of an election. Jan. 14. The Legislature of Maine accepted the report of their committee on the Gubernatorial vote. The whole number of votes was 91,179 45,590 45,574 45,507 98 The election therefore came to the Legislature. The House sent up to the Senate the names of Mr. Kent and Mr. Fairfield as the candidates from whom the choice should be made, and the Senate by a vote of sixteen to eight chose Mr. feet. Kent, Governor. 66 deck, 223 Jan. 15. The Philadelphia Banks, agreeably to the requisitions of the legislature, passed in April last, resumed specie payments. There was a considerable demand for small bills, but no heavy run during the first days of the resumption, except upon the Bank of the United States. Jan. 18. Hon. Wm. C. Rives was chosen Senator in Congress from Vir1700 tons. ginia for the term beginning March 4, 1839. The Legislature has never before been able to make a choice since the vacancy occurred. 1940 2270 600 25 deg. 23 8-12 ft. 6 10 68 Jan. 21. The steam ship Columbia arrived at Boston, bringing eleven days later intelligence from Europe. Her passage, the first she has made, was fifteen days and a half in length. Jan. 23. Hon. George Evans was chosen Senator in Congress from Maine. THE MONTHLY CHRONICLE. FEBRUARY, 1841. ARTICLE II. THE GOVERNMENTS OF EUROPE, CHAP. II. II. The Eight Powers of the Second Class. SWEDEN AND NORWAY. The Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway are united under one sovereign, but have distinct administrations, and each kingdom has its own assembly of estates. The present sovereign is King Charles John. His family name was Bernadotte, and he received from the emperor Napoleon the title of Prince of Ponte Corvo, &c. He was born at Pau, in France, Jan. 26, 1764, was distinguished as a general in the service of France in the wars of the French Revolution, and was chosen by the Diet of Sweden, and adopted by the late King Charles XIII., Aug. 2', 1810, as his son and successor, and succeeded to the crown, Feb. 5, 1818; was crowned king of Sweden May 11, and king of Norway, Sept. 7, 1818. He was married Aug. 16, 1798, to Eugenia Bernardina Desiree, sister of the wife of Joseph Bonaparte. They have one son, viz.: Joseph Francis Oscar, Prince Royal, Duke of Sudermania, who was born July 4, 1799, was married June 19, 1823, to Josephine Maximilian Eugenia, daughter of Duke Eugene of Leuchtenberg, who was born March 14, 1807. They have five children, of whom four are sons. The Council of State is composed of ten ministers, seven of whom are with a portfolio of a department. The present Minister of the Interior is Olof Immanuel Fahræus; of the Finances, John af Wingard; of the Marine, Baron John Lagerbjelke; of War, Baron Gustavus Bror Cederstræm; of Worship, Albrecht Elof Ihre ; of Foreign Affairs, Chancellor of Justice, Arvid Faxe; Attorney General of Justice of the Kingdom, Charles Louis Landin. Presidents of the Superior Courts of Justice at Stockholm, Eric Gab. de Rosen ; at Jonkoeping, Laur Her. Gyllenhaal; at Christianstadt, Baron Gaspard Ehrenborgh. Grand Admiral of Sweden and Norway, the Prince Royal. Governor General at Stockholm, Maj. Gen. Axel Mallerhjelm. The kingdom is divided into 24 provinces, in each of which is a civil government. There are six |