the aid of scaffolding, the expense of which, both here and on its final location in Jamaica, would have been very considerable; at present it stands upon the ground, and merely rests on a plane of temporary timber, &c. The manner in which this was effected is ingeniously simple: the lower plates were secured together, a cross-beam passed over them, from which a derrick and cradle or windlass were fixed; by this the second tier of plates was elevated, and thus continued till the whole were placed in a very short time, and very few hands were necessary to effect it.

The entrance is elevated from the ground ten feet, and has a solid door of oak; it is reached by steps of iron.

The expedition with which this tower has been completed has been like rail-road speed; it is little more than two months since the order was given for it, and it has been some time entirely finished. The whole expense, including the plan, the building, the passage over the Atlantic, and the erecting it on the promontory of Marant, will not exceed, we understand, 7,000l. At the top, the platform is a square of sixteen feet, which consequently projects over the sides; this is surrounded by a rail, three feet in height.

NEW SOUTH WALES.

WE have been favored, by a respectable mercantile firm of this town, with a set of statistical tables, exhibiting the gradual advancement and growth of the colony of New South Wales. From a statement, show ing the number of immigrants and convicts imported, and of births and deaths in the colony, during the years 1837, 1838, and 1839, it appears, that the increase by immigrants, convicts, and births, was 43,674, the decrease by deaths, 6,384, leaving a balance of 37,290, which, added to 77,096, the amount of the population in 1836, gives a gross population, at the commencement of 1840, of 114,386. The proportion of immigrants to convicts, during the three years, is about as eleven to seven in favor of the former; the proportion of male immigrants over female is nearly as two to one; and of male convicts over female convicts, as fourteen to three. The male births are slightly in excess of the female, while the deaths are in the proportion of about three men to one woman, being, probably, about that which the sexes numbered in respect to each other in the colony. We have next returns of the value of imports and exports to the colony, from 1826 to 1839, inclusive. In 1826, the imports from Great Britain amounted to 280,000l.; from British colonies to 30,000Z.; and from foreign states to 50,0007.; making a total of 360,000l. In 1839, the imports from Great Britain amounted to 1,251,9697.; from British colonies to 504,8287.; and from foreign states to 194,6777.; making, with the imports from New Zealand, &c.,

and the produce of the fisheries, a total of 2,226,3717. The exports were, in 1826, to Great Britain, 101,3147., and the total value of them, 106,6007. In 1839, the exports to Great Britain amounted to 597,1007., and the total exports of the year were 948,776. The intermediate years show a gradual progressive increase in the value of both imports and exports. By the return of the import of live stock, it appears, that, in 1828, there were imported 3,443 sheep. The import appears to have been small for some years after this. In 1839 it amounted to 17,569. We have next returns of the number and tonnage of vessels entered inwards and outwards, from 1826 to 1839. In 1826, the number of vessels entered inwards was, from Great Britain, 33, tonnage, 11,848; from British colonies, 23, tonnage 3,969; from foreign states, 6, tonnage : 1,361; total 62, tonnage 17,178. In 1839 the number of vessels entered 9 inward was, from Great Britain, 137, tonnage 58,123; from British colonies 290, tonnage 45,928; from foreign states, 38, tonnage 11,721; which, with those from New Zealand, the fisheries, &c., make a total of 536 vessels, 135,474 tons. The number of vessels entered outwards in the year 1826 was, to Great Britain, 26, tonnage 7,063; to British colonies, 23, tonnage 6,198; to foreign states 11, tonnage 3,759; total 60, tonnage 17,020. In 1839 the number of vessels entered outward was, to Great Britain, 39, tonnage 13,886; to British colonies, 303, tonnage 52,749; to foreign states, 88, tonnage 35,005; making, with the vessels to New Zealand, the fisheries, &c., a total of 548 vessels, 124,776 tons. The intermediate years show a tolerably steady progressive increase. The number of vessels built at the colony in 1822 was 3, tonnage 163. The number built in 1839 was 11, tonnage 763. The number registered in the same year was 75, tonnage 10,668. In 1822 the quantity of wool exported from the colony was 172,880 lbs., value not known; in 1827 the quantity was 407,116 lbs., value 24,3067. ; in 1839, the quantity was 7,213,584 lbs., value 442,5047. The total amount of auction duty paid into the colonial treasury from 1824 to 1839 inclusive was 39,2487. 19s. 10d., a gradual increase in the annual amount being visible from 1824, when it was 328l. 3s. 11d., to 1839, when it was 7,700l. 16s. 5d. The total amount of sales during the period was 2,616,5997. 13s. 4d. The total amount which has accrued from the sale of crown lands during the above period is 698,2237. 18s. 8d., the amount in 1824 being 2797. 17s. 9d., in 1839, 152,9627. 16s. 4d. The estimated quantity of land in cultivation at the commencement of 1840 is set forth as follows: -Employed in the growth of wheat, 48,401 acres, produce 805,140 bushels; maize, 22,026 acres, 525,507 bushels; barley, 3,490 acres, 66,033 bushels; oats, 483 acres, 7,008 bushels; rye, 483 acres, 7,008 bushels; millet, 46 acres, 283 bushels; potatoes, 1,115 acres, 2,601 tons 6 cwt. ; tobacco, 424 acres, 125 tons 10 cwt.; hay, 12,534 acres, 25,923 tons. The last table exhibits an account of the number and tonnage of vessels entered inwards from each country from the 6th January, 1840, to the 5th January, 1841, with the number of men employed in navigating them. The number from Great Britain is 152 vessels, 64,933 tons, 3,365 men. The total number is 443 vessels, 135,134 tons, 9,047 men.-Liverpool Albion.

GREENOUGH'S STATUE OF WASHINGTON.

THE colossal statue of Washington executed by Mr. Greenough, the distinguished American artist, in compliance with a resolution of Congress, to be placed in the rotunda of the Capitol at Washington, has been lately received in Washington, and placed within the walls of the Capitol, though it is not yet placed upon its pedestal, and opened to public view. It is a work which will, doubtless, deeply interest the public feeling; and as it has not yet been open to inspection, since its arrival in this country, we here insert a description of it, from the pen of an American citizen now in Florence, which has been published in the Boston Miscellany of Literature and Fashion.'

"This statue is a seated figure of heroic, or rather colossal size, being twice the dimensions of life. Were it erect, it would consequently stand about twelve feet high. It represents the great hero, statesman, and citizen, with the right hand pointed to Heaven, and the left hand holding a sword, with the handle turned from the person. The upper part of the figure is bare; from the middle of the body down, it is covered with a senatorial drapery. A very pleasing effect is produced by the manner in which the back of the chair is carved in open-work, so as to display the back of the figure. The sides of the chair are wrought in low reliefs, symbolical of the character and fortunes of North and South America; and on the top of the chair, right and left, are figures of Columbus and of a native of our continent. The face is composed from that of Houdon, with a judicious comparison of the other contemporary authorities. It represents all the ele vation, benignity, and force of Washington's character; - his firmness, tempered with pure beneficence; and it possesses an advantage, not shared in an equal degree by that of Chantrey, and still less by that of Canova, in faithfully reproducing the well-known features, with which every American claims a personal acquaintance, as a familiar friend or venerated parent. It will be seen, however, that Mr. Greenough has by no means slavishly copied Houdon.

"We regard Mr. Greenough's Washington as one of the greatest works of sculpture of modern times. We do not know the work which can justly be preferred to it, whether we consider the purity of the taste, the loftiness of the conception, the truth of the character, or what we must own we feel less able to judge of, accuracy of anatomical study and mechanical skill. Had it been the work of Canova, Chantrey, or Thorwaldsen, it would have been deemed, we doubt not, worthy of either of those artists. Nay, we are prepared to go farther, and disclaiming all pretence to connoisseurship, we are persuaded if, instead of being a statue of Washington it had been a statue of Julius Cæsar or Alexander the Great ; if instead of coming from the studio of a young American at the present day, with all its freshness upon it, it had been dug up in the ruins of the baths of Titus or the Villa of Adrian, shattered and mutilated, arms, legs, nose, and even head gone,

-stain

ed and corroded, when it had been scraped and pieced together, furnished with modern extremities, and, perhaps, a head of doubtful authenticity, and thus restored, had been set up in the Vatican of the Tribune, it would have been deemed as fine a piece of sculpture as any there.

This grand work is of one single piece of marble, not of pure white, which it is impossible to procure in masses of sufficient size for such a statue without stains fatal to its beauty, but of a bluish tinge highly favorable to the effect of a work of art. The marbles of this

kind are now preferred for works of this description.

"There are two points, in reference to which we have heard Mr. Greenough's Washington criticised, and on which we beg leave to state our impressions. One is, the absence of drapery from the upper part of the figure; the other is, the precise significance or meaning of the statue, and the propriety of a sitting posture.

It

"The first topic, that of the costume of works of art is, of course, too extensive to be exhausted on an occasion like this. presents, undoubtedly, some difficulties. There are two schools among artists in this respect, and two opinions among judges of art. Without engaging in the discussion, we may with safety say, that to confine the sculptor, in a great monumental work like the statue of Washington, to the exact imitation of the clothes and the manner in which the hair was dressed, is greatly to limit the field in which the creative skill of the artist is to be exercised, and to reduce to a low point the standard of the art. It rests upon the false assumption, that the closest possible imitation of life is the object of the art of sculpture. It leaves little but the face which would not be purely mechanical imitation, and not only so, but the imitation of the most grotesque and fantastical of human inventions. The caprice of man has certainly never wandered so far into the tasteless and extravagant, as in the department of the tailor and hair-dresser. With all due respect even for these personages, as they existed and flourished in revolutionary times, we must boldly say, that there are few things more ungainly than the powder and pomatum, the ear-locks and clubbed hair, the coat and small-clothes of a continental major-general of that period. If it were deemed desirable to perpetuate them, and if the imitation of nature were, without qualification, the principle of the art, it would be better, as they do in the wax-work museums, instead of torturing the marble, to put a bona fide peruke and a cloth uniform, faithfully fashioned after the model of 1776, upon the head and shoulders of the statue.

Mr. Chantrey, who belongs to what the English consider the school of historical imitation, in the matter of costume, has given Washington a drapery destitute of the only merit such drapery can have, that of resemblance to the costume of the time. Canova gave to Washington the Roman military costume, bearing no resemblance to the modern, covering the upper part of the person, but leaving a portion of the leg bare, conforming to ancient usage in military statues, but as unlike as possible to any dress actually worn in America and Europe in modern

times. Mr. Greenough has adopted a drapery which meets all the requirements of delicacy; which is sanctioned by the authority of the greatest masters of art in ancient and modern times, and to which the public is now reconciled and familiarized in busts, which are almost invariably made either wholly nude, or with an artistical drapery, unlike any thing actually worn. This drapery in the statue of Washington gives the artist the opportunity of displaying the nervous arm, the broad shoulders, the full throat, the arching breast and swelling mus cles of an heroic figure, in all their beautiful and manly proportions and symmetry. That some objections to this mode of representing Washington will be felt by those, who have not reflected much on the subject, nor traced the necessary details and consequences of any other system, we the less doubt, as we have already heard them made, and have at a former period felt them ourselves. We have, however, a confidence founded on experience, that the more the subject is weighed, the more these objections will be found to lose their force; and we are strongly inclined to the opinion, that the public taste will finally settle down in the conclusion, that Mr. Greenough has, in this respect, adopted the plan most consistent with the dignity of the work to be performed, and most likely to afford a refined pleasure, independent of the caprices of fashion, in all future time. For the period can never arrive, so long as there is any taste or fondness for the beautiful creations of art, when the skilful delineation and idealization of the 'hu man form divine' will not be considered one of the highest efforts of imitative skill.

We

"The other point, on which we presume Mr. Greenough's statue will be criticised, because we know it has been, regards the congruity of a sitting posture with the action supposed to be indicated; that is, the resignation of Washington's command at the close of the war. emphasize the word supposed, inasmuch as this idea, however current and even natural on a hasty inspection of the work, is wholly groundless. That a military officer would not perform the act of resigning his command in a sitting posture, is so exceedingly obvious, that it could not have escaped an intelligent artist. Common politeness requires the performance of every such act in a standing posture. Again, in point of fact, Washington resigned not his sword, but his commission. It is not to be supposed, that an artist, undertaking to record a specific event, would have wandered so far from the well-known historical truth, as to substitute a sword for a roll of parchment. The object of the work is misapprehended, when it is supposed to record the performance of any specific deed. It is designed to represent a character, not an action. It is Washington in the aggregate of his qualities, not Washington performing a particular exploit, or discharging any particular function or duty. It is the Washington of a whole life, not of any one moment. It is expressive and suggestive, not historical and descriptive. With such a significance, a seated posture is not only appropriate, but it is preferable to a standing one. There are very few actions, that can be performed by a public personage sitting in a chair.